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Aprender a ler e escrever na Itália no início do século XX. O silabário Api sui fiori de Marcellina Cappelli Bajocco
Full text linkMarcellina Cappelli Bajocco (1885-1964) rappresenta il profilo della generazione di maestre formatesi in Italia all’inizio del Novecento. Dopo aver conseguito il diploma di maestra elementare nel 1903 presso la scuola normale di Camerino, iniziò la sua attività professionale nelle scuole rurali della provincia maturando la sensibilità verso le iniziative finalizzate al contrasto all’analfabetismo. Ma è negli anni che seguono la fine della prima guerra mondiale che l’insegnante produce un vero e proprio corso di lettura, intitolato Api sui fiori, composto dal sillabario e dai libri di lettura per le altre classi elementari. Il contributo si propone di esaminare la genesi del sillabario e del primo libro di lettura destinati alla prima alfabetizzazione, la sua struttura ed articolazione per rilevarne la originalità nei temi proposti all’infanzia scolastica sia dal punto di vista metodologico che contenutistico, attingendo ai modelli educativi acquisiti durante il perfezionamento della scuola pedagogica.Marcellina Cappelli Bajocco (1885-1964) represents the profile of the generation of schoolteachers trained in Italy at the beginning of the 20th century. After graduating as an elementary school teacher in 1903 at the normal school in Camerino, she began her professional activity in the province\u27s rural schools, developing a sensitivity towards initiatives aimed at combating illiteracy. But it was in the years following the end of the First World War that the teacher produced a real reading course, entitled Bees on Flowers, consisting of the primer and reading books for the other elementary classes. The contribution aims to examine the genesis of the primer and the first reading book intended for early literacy, its structure and articulation in order to detect its originality in the themes proposed to schoolchildren from both the methodological and content points of view, drawing on the educational models acquired during the perfecting of the pedagogical school.Marcellina Cappelli Bajocco (1885-1964) representa el perfil de la generación de maestros de escuela formados en Italia a principios del siglo XX. Tras graduarse como maestra elemental en 1903 en la escuela normal de Camerino, inició su actividad profesional en las escuelas rurales de la provincia, desarrollando una sensibilidad hacia las iniciativas destinadas a combatir el analfabetismo. Pero fue en los años que siguieron al final de la Primera Guerra Mundial cuando la profesora elaboró un verdadero curso de lectura, titulado Abejas sobre las flores, compuesto por el programa y los libros de lectura para las demás clases elementales. La contribución pretende examinar la génesis del syllabus y del primer libro de lectura destinado a la alfabetización precoz, su estructura y articulación, con el fin de detectar su originalidad en los temas propuestos a los escolares, tanto desde el punto de vista metodológico como del contenido, inspirándose en los modelos educativos adquiridos durante el perfeccionamiento de la escuela pedagógica.Marcellina Cappelli Bajocco (1885-1964) representa o perfil da geração de professoras primárias formadas na Itália no início do século XX. Após obter o diploma de professora primária em 1903, na escola normal de Camerino, iniciou sua atividade profissional em escolas rurais da região, desenvolvendo uma sensibilidade para iniciativas destinadas a combater o analfabetismo. Mas foi nos anos que se seguiram ao fim da Primeira Guerra Mundial que a professora produziu um verdadeiro curso de leitura intitulado Api sui fiori [Abelhas nas flores], composto de um silabário e de livros de leitura para as outras séries do ensino primário. Este artigo propõe-se examinar a gênese do silabário e do primeiro livro de leitura destinados à alfabetização inicial, e sua estrutura e articulação, a fim de destacar a originalidade dos temas propostos às crianças em idade escolar, tanto do ponto de vista metodológico quanto conteudista, com base nos modelos educacionais adquiridos durante o aperfeiçoamento da escola pedagógica
“Las luces civilizadoras de la instrucción”: prácticas sociales y educativas de las cofradías negras en el siglo XIX
Full text linkA partir da investigação de um abaixo-assinado datado de outubro de 1878, no qual 19 confrades da Irmandade de Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Homens Pretos de Sabará, em Minas Gerais, solicitavam à Inspetoria Geral da Instrução Pública da província a abertura e a subvenção de uma “aula de primeiras letras” organizada pela confraria, este artigo analisa os processos e práticas educativas envolvidos na constituição desse projeto político-educativo. Investiga-se, também, outras formas de sociabilidade e solidariedade – devocional, espiritual e mutualista – que implicaram algum tipo de aprendizado, troca e/ou transmissão de conhecimentos, saberes e crenças. O objetivo foi compreender a polissemia dos significados sociais da educação e da experiência do educar-se, a fim de evidenciar a diversidade de práticas educativas presentes no associativismo confrarial em Minas Gerais, na segunda metade do século XIX.Based on the investigation of a petition dated October 1878, in which 19 members of the Irmandade de Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Homens Pretos de Sabará, Minas Gerais, requested the province\u27s General Inspectorate of Public Education to open and fund a "first-letter class" organized by the brotherhood, this article analyzes the educational processes and practices involved in the establishment of this political-educational project. It also investigates other forms of sociability and solidarity—devotional, spiritual, and mutualistic—that involved some form of learning, exchange, and/or transmission of knowledge, wisdom, and beliefs. The objective was to understand the polysemy of the social meanings of education and the experience of educating oneself, in order to highlight the diversity of educational practices present in the brotherhood\u27s associations in Minas Gerais in the second half of the 19th century.A partir de la investigación de una solicitud colectiva fechada en octubre de 1878, en la que 19 miembros de una Hermandad Negra en Brasil pedían a las autoridades públicas la apertura y el subsidio de una escuela, este artículo analiza el proyecto educativo desarrollado por dicha hermandad. También se investigan otras formas de sociabilidad y solidaridad – devocional, espiritual y mutualista – que implicaron algún tipo de aprendizaje, intercambio y/o transmisión de conocimientos, saberes y creencias. El objetivo es comprender la polisemia de los significados sociales de la educación, con el fin de evidenciar la diversidad de prácticas educativas presentes en las hermandades negras en Brasil durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX
Budgetary Dependency and Public Debt: Key Drivers of investment expenditure for Brazilian states
Full text linkThis article investigates the relationship between investment expenditure and the degree of budgetary dependency among Brazilian states over the period 2001–2018. The central hypothesis is that the level of budgetary dependency generates heterogeneous effects on investment expenditure. A panel threshold model is employed to test this hypothesis. The results indicate nonlinear dynamics in the relationship between investment expenditure and budgetary dependency: at high levels of net funded debt, an increase in budgetary dependence—or a reduction in budgetary autonomy—is associated with a decline in investment expenditure.This article investigates the relationship between investment expenditure and the degree of budgetary dependency among Brazilian states over the period 2001–2018. The central hypothesis is that the level of budgetary dependency generates heterogeneous effects on investment expenditure. A panel threshold model is employed to test this hypothesis. The results indicate nonlinear dynamics in the relationship between investment expenditure and budgetary dependency: at high levels of net funded debt, an increase in budgetary dependence—or a reduction in budgetary autonomy—is associated with a decline in investment expenditure
Deindustrialization in the Divinópolis (MG) Microregion: An Analysis of the 2011–2020 Period
Full text linkThis paper analyzes the deindustrialization hypothesis for the municipalities of the Divinópolis Microregion in Minas Gerais using value added and employment data from 2011 to 2020 to estimate the Deindustrialization Relative Regional Index (DRR). The analysis of industry’s share in gross value added and employment reveals a process of absolute deindustrialization in the Divinópolis Microregion and in certain municipalities. However, the DRR results do not indicate evidence of deindustrialization for the Microregion relative to Minas Gerais and Brazil during the analyzed period, although the evidence supports the existence of this process in the most economically relevant municipalities of the Microregion.This paper analyzes the deindustrialization hypothesis for the municipalities of the Divinópolis Microregion in Minas Gerais using value added and employment data from 2011 to 2020 to estimate the Deindustrialization Relative Regional Index (DRR). The analysis of industry’s share in gross value added and employment reveals a process of absolute deindustrialization in the Divinópolis Microregion and in certain municipalities. However, the DRR results do not indicate evidence of deindustrialization for the Microregion relative to Minas Gerais and Brazil during the analyzed period, although the evidence supports the existence of this process in the most economically relevant municipalities of the Microregion
Brazilian Coffee in the Carbon Market: A Prospective Analysis of Financial Viability and Effectiveness
Full text linkThis article prospectively analyzes the financial viability of integrating coffee cultivation into Brazil’s regulated carbon market. The analysis, based on the potential reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the profitability of carbon credit trading, employed microeconomic analysis to estimate the minimum viable scale of the plantation. Using the projected minimum area, the study inferred the potential participation of Brazilian coffee cultivation from census data. The results indicated low effectiveness of the cap-and-trade policy for the sector, as fewer than 12% of coffee farms reach the minimum viable area to trade credits. The study concludes that mechanisms to reduce certification costs are necessary to enhance policy effectiveness, promote environmental conservation, and foster social inclusion. Este artículo analiza prospectivamente la factibilidad financiera de insertar el café en el mercado de carbono, a partir de su potencial para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) y la posible rentabilidad del comercio de créditos de carbono en un mercado regulado en Brasil. La factibilidad financiera se verificó a través de análisis microeconómicos del precio de equilibrio y la maximización de ganancias, exclusivamente de la actividad de comercio de créditos de carbono como actividad secundaria de la caficultura, para estimar la escala posible, en términos de área, de la plantación de café capaz de comercializar créditos de carbono. Para estimar la rentabilidad de los créditos de carbono, se realizaron simulaciones considerando 2.583 observaciones de cotizaciones diarias, en el periodo de 10 años, del cierre del Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) Global Carbon Futures Index, índice compuesto por los precios de los cuatro mercados de carbono más negociados del mundo. Así, con las proyecciones de área mínima viable, fue posible inferir el potencial de inserción de la caficultura brasileña en el mercado de carbono, a través de datos censales de establecimientos cafetaleros rurales. Los resultados de esta investigación indicaron la baja efectividad esperada de la política pública ambiental de licencias negociables (cap and trade), específicamente para la caficultura brasileña, considerando que las propiedades rurales con áreas mínimas viables para la comercialización de créditos de carbono equivalen a menos del 12% del total de las propiedades rurales. Así, esta investigación contribuye a indicar la necesidad de que la planificación de la implementación de este mercado adopte mecanismos técnicos e institucionales que reduzcan los costos de certificación – un costo de transacción significativo – para hacer más efectiva esta política ambiental, con conservación ambiental e inclusión social.This article prospectively analyzes the financial viability of integrating coffee cultivation into Brazil’s regulated carbon market. The analysis, based on the potential reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the profitability of carbon credit trading, employed microeconomic analysis to estimate the minimum viable scale of the plantation. Using the projected minimum area, the study inferred the potential participation of Brazilian coffee cultivation from census data. The results indicated low effectiveness of the cap-and-trade policy for the sector, as fewer than 12% of coffee farms reach the minimum viable area to trade credits. The study concludes that mechanisms to reduce certification costs are necessary to enhance policy effectiveness, promote environmental conservation, and foster social inclusion.
A Two-Level Game Analysis: Chile under Allende and Its Position within the International Financial System amid the Cold War
Full text linkBetween 1970-1973, against the backdrop of a brief period of détente in the Cold War, the government of Salvador Allende figured as a model case for the multilateral potential of international financial institutions—especially the IMF—and for the contradictions implied in the relationship between these institutions and the governments of developing countries. The Unidad Popular administration played a “two-tier game” in its position vis-à-vis the International Financial System and its institutions, aided in part by the geopolitical scenario and in part by Allende’s efforts to pursue a financial diplomacy that was both technical and committed to national interests.Entre 1970 y 1973, en el contexto de un breve período de distensión en la Guerra Fría, el gobierno de Salvador Allende fue un caso modelo del potencial multilateral de las instituciones financieras internacionales – especialmente el FMI – y un ejemplo de las contradicciones implicadas en la relación entre estas instituciones y los gobiernos de los países en desarrollo. El gobierno de la Unidad Popular llevó a cabo un "juego de dos niveles" en su posición frente al Sistema Financiero Internacional y sus instituciones, ayudado en parte por el escenario geopolítico y en parte por los esfuerzos de Allende por una diplomacia financiera que fuera tanto técnica como comprometida con los intereses nacionales.Between 1970-1973, against the backdrop of a brief period of détente in the Cold War, the government of Salvador Allende figured as a model case for the multilateral potential of international financial institutions—especially the IMF—and for the contradictions implied in the relationship between these institutions and the governments of developing countries. The Unidad Popular administration played a “two-tier game” in its position vis-à-vis the International Financial System and its institutions, aided in part by the geopolitical scenario and in part by Allende’s efforts to pursue a financial diplomacy that was both technical and committed to national interests
Sectoral Impact Assessment of the Export Financing Program – PROEX
Full text linkThe Export Financing Program (PROEX) is a federal government instrument designed to support Brazilin export of goods and services through two modalities: National Treasury Financing and Interest Rate Support. This study evaluates the impact of PROEX on Brazilian exports between 2010 and 2021, adopting a novel approach that examines different sectors of the Brazilian export industry. The net effect of PROEX on each sector’s overall export capacity was analyzed, accounting for changes in firms’ market power within each sector. To address unobservable endogenous factors affecting PROEX\u27s performance, an exogenous term was developed to reflect the economic attractiveness of Brazil\u27s 20 main export markets. The econometric analysis indicates that a 10% increase in exports PROEX-supported exports, combined with a proportional demand shock in the destination countries, leads to an average increase of 21.3% in Brazilian sectoral exports.The Export Financing Program (PROEX) is a federal government instrument designed to support Brazilin export of goods and services through two modalities: National Treasury Financing and Interest Rate Support. This study evaluates the impact of PROEX on Brazilian exports between 2010 and 2021, adopting a novel approach that examines different sectors of the Brazilian export industry. The net effect of PROEX on each sector’s overall export capacity was analyzed, accounting for changes in firms’ market power within each sector. To address unobservable endogenous factors affecting PROEX\u27s performance, an exogenous term was developed to reflect the economic attractiveness of Brazil\u27s 20 main export markets. The econometric analysis indicates that a 10% increase in exports PROEX-supported exports, combined with a proportional demand shock in the destination countries, leads to an average increase of 21.3% in Brazilian sectoral exports
From the crisis of developmentalism to the hegemony of neoliberalism in Brazilian economic policy (1980-2020)
Full text linkThis paper employs historical analysis, a structuralist approach, and a critical review to investigate the evolution of Brazilian economic policy from 1980 to 2020. It examines the transition from the developmentalist model to the neoliberal one, characterized by financialization, privatizations, and trade liberalization, and assesses how social advancements during PT governments coexisted with adherence to market demands. In three sections, it explores the II PND, the impact of neoliberalism, and the consolidation of orthodox economic policies that subordinated national interests to financial capital, perpetuating inequalities and weakening national sovereignty. O artigo utiliza análise histórica, abordagem estruturalista e revisão crítica para investigar a evolução da política econômica brasileira entre 1980 e 2020. Examina a transição do modelo desenvolvimentista para o neoliberal, caracterizado por financeirização, privatizações e abertura comercial, e avalia como avanços sociais durante os governos do PT coexistiram com a adesão às demandas do mercado. Em três seções, explora o II PND, o impacto do neoliberalismo e a consolidação de uma política econômica ortodoxa que subordinou interesses nacionais ao capital financeiro, perpetuando desigualdades e enfraquecendo a soberania nacional
Psicoterapia psicanalítica com família surdo-ouvinte: : relato de experiência em um estágio profissionalizante
No full textIn this article, we aim to present an experience report in which a deaf-hearing family was accompanied in psychotherapy in a professional internship. The sessions, psychoanalytically oriented, occurred weekly, during the school year, at the school clinic of a university in Minas Gerais countryside. From the report of this experience, it was possible to weave clinical-theoretical reflections on the violent dynamics of this family group, as well as on the dynamics of clinical care performed within the family, which, in turn, reveal the need for clinical psychology to be revisited and expanded, either in relation to the creation of differentiated clinical frameworks, or in the sense of a less universal individual concept, envisioning non-fragmented and inclusive clinical practices.No presente trabalho, objetivamos apresentar um relato de experiência em que uma família surdo-ouvinte foi acompanhada em psicoterapia no contexto de um estágio profissionalizante. Os atendimentos, psicanaliticamente orientados, ocorreram semanalmente, ao longo de um ano letivo, na clínica-escola de uma universidade no interior de Minas Gerais. A partir do relato dessa experiência, foi possível tecer reflexões clínico-teóricas sobre a dinâmica violenta desse grupo familiar e sobre a dinâmica dos atendimentos clínicos realizados com a família, que, por sua vez, descortinam a necessidade de a Psicologia clínica ser revisitada e ampliada, seja em relação à criação de enquadres clínicos diferenciados, seja na acepção de um indivíduo menos universal e mais contextualizado às questões culturais, vislumbrando práticas clínicas não fragmentadas e inclusivas
VIII Simpósio sobre Migrações e Proteção de Pessoas
No full textThis is the publication of the abstracts selected via double blind review, presented at the event entitled \u27VIII Symposium on Migration and People Protection: Migrations from the Global South’, held between July 05 and 06, 2023, at the Federal University of Uberlândia. The event was organized by the Legal Clinic for Migrants and People at Risk (AJESIR) and by the Study and Research Group in International Law (GEPDI/CNPq), with the support of the Journal and support from FAPEMIG (OET-00020-23).Esta es la publicación de los resúmenes seleccionados mediante revisión doble ciego, que fueron presentados en el evento \u27VIII Simposio sobre Migración y Protección de Personas: Migraciones desde el Sur Global\u27, realizado entre el 5 y 6 de junio de 2023, en el Universidad Federal de Uberlândia por la Asesoría Jurídica para Migrantes y Personas en Riesgo (AJESIR) y por el Grupo de Estudios e Investigaciones en Derecho Internacional (GEPDI/CNPq), con el apoyo de la Revista y apoyo de FAPEMIG (OET-00020-23).Trata-se da publicação dos resumos expandidos selecionados via double blind review, os quais foram apresentados no evento intitulado ‘VIII Simpósio de Migrações e Proteção de Pessoas: Migrações do Sul Global’, realizado entre os dias 05 e 06 de junho de 2023, na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia pela Assessoria Jurídica para Migrantes em Situação Irregular ou de Risco (AJESIR) e pelo Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Direito Internacional (GEPDI/CNPq), com o apoio da Revista e fomento FAPEMIG (OET-00020-23)