Journals Portal Naif Arab University for Security Sciences
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Sexual Dimorphism and Estimation of Height from Body Length Anthropometric Parameters among the Hausa Ethnic Group of Nigeria
No full textThe study was carried out to investigate the sexual dimorphism in length and other anthropometric parameters. To also generate formulae for height estimation using anthropometric measurements of some length parameters among Hausa ethnic group of Kaduna State, Nigeria. A cross sectional study was conducted and a total of 500 subjects participated in this study which was mainly secondary school students between the age ranges of 16-27 years, anthropometric measurements were obtained using standard protocols. It was observed that there was significant sexual dimorphism in all the parameters except for body mass index. In all the parameters males tend to have significantly (P < 0.05) higher mean values except biaxillary distances. Height showed positive and strongest correlations with demispan length, followed by knee height, thigh length, sitting height, hand length, foot length, humeral length, forearm length and weight respectively. There were weak and positive correlations between height and neck length as well as biaxillary length. The demi span length showed the strongest correlation coefficient and low standard error of estimate indicating the strong estimation ability than other parameters. The combination of two parameters tends to give better estimations and low standard error of estimates, so also combining the three parameters gives better estimations with a lower standard error of estimates. The better correlation coefficient was also observed with the double and triple parameters respectively. Male Hausa tend to have larger body proportion compared to female. Height showed positive and strongest correlations with demispan length. Body length anthropometric proved to be useful in estimation of stature among Hausa ethnic group of Kaduna state Nigeria.
3rd International Arab Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine Conference, ASFSFM 2017: Conference Report
No full textThe Arab Society for Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine (ASFSFM) at Naif Arab University for Security Sciences seeks to present the latest developments in all fields of forensic sciences through holding specialized scientific events and academic activities. This is also achieved through its periodic scientific peer-reviewed journal, the Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine. It also seeks to promote scientific research in all fields of forensic science and forensic medicine, and seeks actively to contribute in holding scientific meetings in accordance with advanced scientific standards, including the 3rd International Arab Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine Conference. This important event was attended by scientists and experts from various fields of criminal and forensic sciences from both Arab and non-Arab countries. This conference was a significant scientific accomplishment that contributed to the advancement of forensic sciences and forensic medicine in the Arab world. The conference aimed, in accordance with the vision of Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, to enhance peace, security and justice in Arab societies. Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, represented by the Arab Society for Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, held the 3rd International Arab Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine Conference on the University's campus during the period from 21st to 23rd November 2017. The event included the participation of more than 720 experts in forensic sciences and forensic medicine from 33 countries all over the world. Experts discussed and presented the latest developments in their fields. The conference provided a creative environment for students from both local and international universities to benefit from experts and specialists, and to access the most recent research. On behalf of His Excellency the president of Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, and the Arab Society for Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, we would like to pay tribute to all scientists and experts who contributed by sharing their scientific researches through lectures, workshops, and posters within this event. We appreciate their contributions that added great value to the subject of the conference.  
Substance Use Disorder and Reoffending Among Inmates Awaiting Trial in a Maximum Security Prison in Nigeria
No full textAim and Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of substance use disorder (SUD) and the relationship between inmates with SUD and those without SUD with reoffending.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out among 366 male inmates awaiting trial in Jos maximum security prison, Plateau state (Nigeria). Two sets of questionnaires were used, namely General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).Results: Prevalence of SUD was 32.8% (120) among inmates. Reoffending was statistically significant with SUD (p < 0.001).Conclusion: These results suggest a significant rate of SUD among awaiting trial inmates. It also shows a significant difference between SUD and reoffending
Body Weight Determination from Foot Outline Length among the Iban Population in Malaysia
No full textFoot impressions form a valuable physical evidence to solve crime. Foot impression measurements provide valuable information in estimating stature, weight, gender and age in crime scene investigation. In Asian countries, many people living in rural places walk without footwear. The aim of this research is to generate regression equations to determine living body weight from foot outline length among the Iban population of Malaysia. The study involved 200 (100 males, 100 females) adult Ibans, mostly living in Sarawak, a state in Malaysia. Following the standard procedure, the foot outlines were collected followed by body weight measurements and were recorded for analysis. The collected data were analysed with PASW 20 computer software. The correlation coefficient (R) between the foot outline lengths and body weight was determined for males, females and pooled sample. Based on the foot outline and body weight, 30 regression equations were generated, 10 for males, 10 for females and 10 for pooled samples/unknown gender. The correlation coefficient (R) values were positive and statistically significant. It is concluded that the present investigation provided regression equations to determine body weight from foot outline anthropometry. These equations can be used to determine body weight even when partial foot impressions are available at crime scenes. Keywords: Forensic Science, Body Weight, Foot Outline, Iban Population, Malaysi
DNA Methylation as a Biomarker for Body Fluid Identification
No full textCurrently, available identification techniques for forensic samples are either enzyme or protein based, which can be subjected to degradation, thus limiting its storage potentials. Epigenetic changes arising due to DNA methylation and histone acetylation can be used for body fluid identification. Markers DACT1, USP49, ZC3H12D, FGF7, cg23521140, cg17610929, chromosome 4 (25287119–25287254), chromosome 11 (72085678–72085798, 57171095–57171236, 1493401–1493538), and chromosome 19 (47395505–47395651) are currently being used for semen identification. Markers cg26107890, cg20691722, cg01774894 and cg14991487 are used to differentiate saliva and vaginal secretions from other body fluids. However, such markers show overlapping methylation pattern. This review article aimed to highlight the feasibility of using DNA methylation of certain genetic markers in body fluid identification and its implications for forensic investigations. The reviewed articles have employed molecular genetics techniques such as Bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP), methylation specific PCR (MSP), Pyrosequencing, Combined Bisulfite Restriction Analysis (COBRA), Methylation-sensitive Single Nucleotide Primer Extension (SNuPE), and Multiplex SNaPshot Microarray. Bioinformatics software such as MATLAB and BiQ Analyzer has been used. Biological fluids have different methylation patterns and thus, this difference can be used to identify the nature of the biological fluid found at the crime scene. Using DNA methylation to identify the body fluids gives accurate results without consumption of the trace evidence and requires a minute amount of DNA for analysis. Recent studies have incorporated next-generation sequencing aiming to find out more reliable markers that can differentiate between different body fluids. Nonetheless, new DNA methylation markers are yet to be discovered to accurately differentiate between saliva and vaginal secretions with high confidence. Epigenetic changes are dynamic and it is important to find stable DNA sequences that can be used as biomarkers.Keywords: Forensic Science; DNA analysis; Methylation; body fluid; identification; Pyrosequencing; DACT1; USP49; ZC3H12D; FGF7
المؤتمر العربي الدولي الثالث لعلوم الأدلة الجنائية والطب الشرعي ASFSFM2017 : تقرير المؤتمر
No full textfdThe Arab Society for Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine (ASFSFM) at Naif Arab University for Security Sciences seeks to present the latest developments in all fields of forensic sciences through holding specialized scientific events and academic activities. This is also achieved through its periodic scientific peer-reviewed journal, the Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine. It also seeks to promote scientific research in all fields of forensic science and forensic medicine, and seeks actively to contribute in holding scientific meetings in accordance with advanced scientific standards, including the 3rd International Arab Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine Conference. This important event was attended by scientists and experts from various fields of criminal and forensic sciences from both Arab and non-Arab countries. This conference was a significant scientific accomplishment that contributed to the advancement of forensic sciences and forensic medicine in the Arab world. The conference aimed, in accordance with the vision of Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, to enhance peace, security and justice in Arab societies. Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, represented by the Arab Society for Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, held the 3rd International Arab Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine Conference on the University's campus during the period from 21st to 23rd November 2017. The event included the participation of more than 720 experts in forensic sciences and forensic medicine from 33 countries all over the world. Experts discussed and presented the latest developments in their fields. The conference provided a creative environment for students from both local and international universities to benefit from experts and specialists, and to access the most recent research. On behalf of His Excellency the president of Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, and the Arab Society for Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, we would like to pay tribute to all scientists and experts who contributed by sharing their scientific researches through lectures, workshops, and posters within this event. We appreciate their contributions that added great value to the subject of the conference.  
Study on Anthropometric Parameters of Dry Tibia of Human Origin to Aid Gender Identification in Forensic Investigation
No full textObjectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the significance of anthropometric parameters of dry human tibia in determining gender in as ample representing the Tamil Nadu region of India.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on dry tibia of human origin at Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, in October 2015, in relation to three important manually measurable anthropometric parameters: the proximal epiphysial breadth (PEB), the distal epiphyseal breadth (DEB), and the maximum length (L) of dry tibia. The observations were tabulated and statistically analyzed using unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney U test.Significance level was assessed with p value < 0.05.Results: The present study found significant differences (p < 0.0001) in the 3 studied parameters. In male tibias, it was statistically inferred that PEB, DEB and L of tibia is more than 6.9 cm, 4.8 cm and35.2 cm, respectively. On the other hand, in female tibias, it was inferred that the respective parameters are less than 6.6 cm, 4.5 cm and 35.1 cm.Conclusion: On comparison with various other studies done in different parts of the world, it was inferred that the values of one race may not apply to another; and those of one zone may not apply to another. Therefore, it is suggested that one should consider separate values for different zones while attempting to establish parameters for gender identification of skeletal remains
Reliability and Analysis of Changes in Bite Marks at Different Time Intervals and Temperature Ranges
No full textObjectives: The purpose of this study is to assess time-dependent changes in the morphology of bitemarks and to investigate the utility of matching bitemarks on both perishable and non-perishable objects with the passage of time at different temperatures. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted at Maharana Pratap College of Dentistry and Research Centre, Gwalior, India. 20 volunteers were asked to bite 6 items each. These included perishable and nonperishable items. Perishable items were apple, banana and Burfi, (a milk-based popular sweet confectionary) while non-perishable items included wax, clay, and rubber. Photographs were taken with a digital camera at 0-hours and 24-hours after biting these objects at temperature ranges of 24 ºC to 28 ºC and 36 ºC to 40 ºC, respectively. Life-size photographs of these bitten objects were printed on transparent overlays and compared to hand drawn transparencies prepared from suspect dentition using an X-ray viewer. The comparison of all the 960 transparencies was done by two researchers, independently. Results: All objects gave a positive identification of the biter on matching just after biting. After24-hours, all items also showed positive matching except banana and apples. Conclusion: This proposed method is simple, reliable and less technique sensitive. It narrows down the subjectivity of interpretation. It highlights that due to decomposition changes occur in perishable food items and more so in apples and bananas, making bitemarks less reliable evidence
Software Assisted Profiling of Dentition in Human Identification
No full textForensic odontology is the integral part of forensic science that utilizes unique characteristics of human dentition. Dental remains withstand degradation better than other human remains. This study was aimed to determine the human identity by using the various predetermined parameters of dental morphology using their digital smile photographs and confirming by means of Adobe Photoshop CC software. The study also aimed to compare and identify the most used parameter of the dental morphology in the human identification process. This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, I.T.S Dental College Hospital & Research Centre, Greater Noida, UP, India. A sample of 50 subjects (25 males and 25 females) aged between 20 and 40 years were included in the study. Two sequential techniques were followed. Dental casts and pictures were analyzed by 3 blind observers by comparison of dental traits and then were confirmed by superimposition using Adobe Photoshop CC. Positive identification was achieved by application of the 2 techniques. ICC Multiple Raters and ICC Two Raters were applied to analyze the stratum of agreement between the observers. By analyzing the parameters specified by three blind observers, the combination of Central and Lateral Incisor morphology was the most used parameter in the identification process. When the records are unavailable, dental comparison of postmortem findings with antemortem photographs of people displaying uncommon dental features visible in smiles taken from photographs may increase the probability of identification. Keywords: Forensic Science, Forensic Odontology, Smile, Photograph, Antemortem, Postmortem.
Apportioning Culpability in Multiple Perpetrator Acts of Terrorism
No full textThe Depravity Standard instrument was developed to operationalize depraved elements of crimes. It consists of 25items that were derived using multiple sources of data, including case reviews, input from professionals, and over 40,000 survey respondents. This paper presents preliminary data on the use of the Depravity Standard in cases with multiple perpetrators, examining its efficacy in differentiating the culpability of co-conspirators in a terrorist act. The US has been the site of three high-profile terrorist events with dual perpetrators: the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing by ex-U.S. Military acquaintances Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols; the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing by brothers Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev; and the 2015 San Bernardino mass shooting by husband and wife Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik. In this pilot project, two independent raters applied the 25 items of the Depravity Standard to each of the six perpetrators to determine which of each pair was the more culpable. Interclass correlation coefficients revealed a high degree of agreement between the raters, attesting to the reliability of the Depravity Standard items. Examination of the total number of Depravity Standard items present reveals McVeigh was more culpable than Nichols. The other four perpetrators were similarly culpable to their partners. These current findings indicate that the Depravity Standard is a promising instrument to determine comparative culpability in terrorist actions with multiple perpetrators. Ongoing analyses of public participation data indicate some items to be more indicative of depravity than others, and future analyses will compare weighted scores. Keywords: forensic science, crime severity, the Depravity Standard, terrorism, criminal culpability