Journals Portal Naif Arab University for Security Sciences
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Author Guidelines: The Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine (AJFSFM)
No full textThe Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine (AJFSFM) is a peer-reviewed, open access (CC BY-NC), international journal for publishing original contributions in various fields of forensic science. These fields include, but are not limited to forensic pathology and histochemistry, toxicology(drugs, alcohol, etc.), forensic biology (serology, human DNA profiling, entomology, population genetics), forensic chemistry(inks, paints, dyes, explosives, fire accelerants), psychiatry and hypnotics, forensic anthropology and archeology, forensic odontology, fingerprints and impressions, firearms and tool marks, white collar crimes (counterfeit and forgery; questioned documents), digital forensics; cyber-crimes, criminal justice and crime scene investigation, as well as many other disciplines where science and medicine interact with the law
Derivation of regression equations for stature reconstruction from digit lengths of Nigerian Medical Students in University of Lagos
No full textIdentification of an individual using stature is of great significance in forensic practice. With the increasing frequency of natural and man-influenced disasters, it has become imperative for forensic anthropologists to establish population-specific forensic reference standards. This study aimed to derive predictive equations for stature estimation using five digit lengths. A sample of 230 medical students (100 males and 130 females) of Nigerian parentage, aged 18 to 36 years was recruited for this research. Stature and digit lengths were measured following standard procedures, followed by statistical analysis using SPSS (Version 20 Chicago Inc). Results of descriptive showed average stature of 176.36 ± 8.13cm, 164.38 ± 6.62cm and 169.59 ± 8.79cm for males, females and pooled sample respectively. Sexual dimorphism was observed to be statistically significant (P<0.01) across all the measured parameters, with greater values consistently recorded in males. Pearson correlation (r) had a range of 0.40 to 0.63. The weakest r-value is seen in males and strongest in females. Simple and multilinear regression equations derived showed different values of Coefficient of determination (R2) and standard error of estimate (SEE) at accurate estimation rate of >99%. Digits correlation with stature from this study may be of great relevance in human identification. Keywords: Forensic Sciences; Human Identification; Stature; Digits; Nigerians.
Challenges Posed by Novel Psychoactive Substances – Middle East Perspective
No full textNew psychoactive substances (NPS) are defined as substances of abuse, either in a pure form or a preparation, that are not controlled by the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs or the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, but which may pose a public health threat. In this context, the term “new” does not necessarily refer to new inventions but to substances that have recently become available or popular in a given society or country. This definition indicates that the problem of NPS is not new; however, the availability of any information via new communication technologies in the 21st century has enabled the spread of unwanted and socially harmful information, like information on the commercial availability of various NPS, offered in rising amounts and brands
Radio-morphometric Analysis of Sella Turcica in the South Indian Population: A Digital Cephalometric Study
No full textAim: The present study was undertaken to identify the role of radio-morphometric analysis of sella turcica in sex determination. Material and Methods: A total of 260 good quality lateral cephalograms (130 males and 130 females) were randomly selected from the orthodontic database between2014 and 2015. Radiographic measurements (antero-posterior diameter and depth of sella) were carried out by a senior oral radiologist. The values obtained were tabulated in a spreadsheet and subjected to statistical analysis (SPSS version 16.0SPSS.inc Chicago 1989 – 2 “007).Results: A higher percentage of both males (70.0%) and females (67.7%) were presented with normal sella. The second best sella presentation was the shallow sella in males (16.2%). The mean antero-posterior diameter was significantly higher in females (12.25 mm) than males (11.74 mm). The mean depth of sella turcica was greater in females (8.08 mm) than males (7.68mm). Discriminant function analysis was done with gender as a grouping variable and antero-posterior dimensions and sella depth as independent variables. The formula obtained was D = 0.452 (x) +0.295(y)-7.753. (Where “D” is the discriminant score “x” is antero-posterior diameter of sella “y” is sella depth).The present study revealed an overall accuracy rate of58.1% in identifying correct gender using sella measurements. Conclusion: The present study was the first of its kind in the South Indian population and has presented results that justify the use of sella turcica for sex determination
Sexual Assault in Ballari, Karnataka, India: A Four Year Retrospective Review
No full textSexual assault is both a common and a very serious crime which is investigated by the police with an intensity second only to that of murder. Despite India stiffening its laws on sexual crimes, nothing much has changed on the ground. This retrospective study was conducted on 86 cases of sexual assault received for examination at Vijayanagara Institute of medical sciences (VIMS), Ballari, Karnataka, during the year 2010 - 2013. This study revealed that most vulnerable age group were males aged 11-20 years, where most commonly sexual crimes were performed by the person familiar to the victim (33.72%). The maximum numbers of victims were medico-legally examined on the second day (46.51%) of the assault. Examinations as recent tear of hymen was noticed in 16.66% female victims, and restrain marks on the victims were present in 25 (29.06%) cases. The study aims to enhance public awareness regarding sexual violence, as support the ground to the law enforcement authorities to implement strategies to prevent such cases in the future. Keywords: Forensic science; forensic pathology; sexual assault; hymen; anal intercourse.
Forensic Characterization of Liquor Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) – A Review
No full textAlcohol is a subject of forensic research across the world. The forensic characterization of alcoholic beverages is required in cases of death and crimes due to alcohol consumption. In many cases, determining the geographic origin becomes a very important part of the investigation. Therefore, it is important to develop more sensitive methods for the analysis of alcoholic beverages. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize the work accomplished so far in the field of analysis and detection of alcoholic beverages. In this review, various sample preparation techniques for GC-MS analysis of alcoholic beverages have been discussed along with its applications. GC-MS based analysis is less time consuming, more sensitive and more accurate. Keywords: Forensic Sciences, Alcoholic beverages, Mortality, Analysis, GC-M
Arab Scientific Working Group for Forensic Toxicology (ASWGFT): Guidelines for Method Validation in Forensic Toxicology
No full textReliable results and valid analytical data are an essential requirement for proper interpretation of forensic toxicology cases, especially when evaluating scientific studies and daily routine work, and when presenting any toxicological findings as criminal evidence. In contrast, the results of unreliable analyses can be disputed in court and can also lead to unfair legal judgments against the defendant, or can result in wrong treatment in cases of rehabilitation of patients. In order to establish strong evidence and make a correct decision, the lab is asked to give high-quality data that are based on reliable analytical methods. For that reason, all new analytical methods used in forensic toxicology, including the clinical diagnosis of causes of death, require careful care during the development of the analytical method and during its application. This is also an urgent need in the context of quality management and accreditation, especially as those issues have become increasingly important in the science of poisons and drug analysis in recent years. The Arab Scientific Working Group of Forensic Toxicology (ASWGFT) of the Arab Society for forensic sciences and forensic medicine (ASFSFM) aims to publish the first version of Guidelines for Method Validation in Forensic Toxicology. These guidelines version are written in Arabic to facilitate the understanding of analytical methods validation in the field of forensic toxicology for Arab specialists. The Arab Scientific Working Group of Forensic Toxicology has chosen the first issue to be a manual of guidelines for method validation in forensic toxicology, similar to international organizations who are actively publishing in this field. The guidelines contain a systematic scientific message that can be published and circulated among Arab laboratories
Analysis of Petroleum Products in Fire Debris Residues by Gas Chromatography: A Literature Review
No full textThis review gives a brief overview of developments in the analysis of petroleum products (PP) in fire debris residues (FDR) by gas chromatography (GC). The review covers different aspects of analysis such as the substrates involved, isolation procedures, column and mobile phase used, and subsequent detection in tabular form. This paper covers detection of PP such as petrol, kerosene, and diesel in various types’ of samples of interest to fire debris analysts. Solid phase microextraction is most frequently used along with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the extraction and identification of PP from FDR. Chemometric tools should be used to improve the significance and reliability of results obtained from the analysis of FDR. However, the potential utility of portable GC-MS in fire debris analysis cannot be ignored, and its proper development and validation is required before using it for this purpose
The Effect of Establishing Guilt using Modern Technology on Human Rights
No full textThe use of modern technology has led to a scientific revolution in the field of establishing guilt. Consequently, this has given rise to a great debate about its legitimacy among criminal law scholars, especially as its use may result in the violation of individual rights and human dignity. This raises the question about the impact of using modern technology in the process of establishing guilt on human rights. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the procedures of establishing guilt using modern technology methods adopted by the Algerian legislator, and to what extent individual’s rights and liberties are respected during those procedures. This study compares between rules of establishing guilt using modern technology in Algerian legislation and other legislation. This aims to offer some recommendations that help legislators keep pace with scientific and technical advancements. It also suggests ways to achieve a balance between using modern technology and respecting legal guarantees that prevent the infringement of individual rights and liberties. Results of the study show the significant negative impact of some modern evidences used to establish guilt. This is shown in the violation of the rights and liberties of individuals, in addition to inaccurate results obtained by using such evidences. This study recommends that the Algerian legislator clarify their position regarding modern means of establishing guilt, which must be unambiguously regulated and surrounded by adequate guarantees that protect the rights and liberties of individuals.Keywords: Establishing guilt, DNA, hypnosis, lie detection, electronic surveillance, human rights.
Awareness on Digital Drugs Abuse and its Applied Prevention Among Healthcare Practitioners in KSA
No full textDigital drugs abuse, also known as I-dosing, has recently emerged as a danger to Middle Eastern teenagers through different media channels. This study aimed to investigate the level of knowledge of digital drug abuse among health practioners in KSA, explore their attitude towards it and describe the possible preventive policies if any, and their experience of any medicolegal implemented awareness strategies to combat this phenomenon. A cross-sectional survey was used to gather data. An open-ended questionnaire with two parts containing open-ended questions was developed, validated, pretested, and randomly distributed to 200 voluntary participating health care practitioners of both sexes (n = 200) attending a continuous medical education seminar in May 2015 held in Madinah. Ethical approval and an informed written consent was obtained. Participants were males (65%) and females (35%) with different professional degrees. The knowledge of I-dosing of digital drugs was 30%. The source of this knowledge was through media (96%) and through receiving inquiries concerning this topic (71.9%). Only 14.7% of participants knew the mechanism of action of digital drugs. However, 65% of the participants thought digital drugs are real threats. From the participants, 16.9% were approached by an awareness program concerning this issue. This study concluded the urgent need for an awareness program directed at medical practitioners and communities in KSA. Keywords: Forensic Science, Digital Drug, I-Dosing, Teenage, Abuse, Prevention, Healthcare Practitioners