Journals Portal Naif Arab University for Security Sciences
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Pesticide Mixture Poisoning: A Case Report
No full textAcute pesticide poisoning is a reported as major health problem worldwide and are reported mostly in cases of suicides and cases of unintentional poisoning are less in number. A significant number of cases are encountered in forensic science laboratories for toxicological examination in which pesticide poisoning is reported. We report a case of suspected double suicide of unknown poisoning. Toxicological examination confirms the presence of five different pesticides. Such cases of forensic interest are rarely reported
Determination of Sex from Footprint Dimensions in Contemporary Indian Bengali Population: A Pilot Study
No full textFootprint dimensions are vital evidences obtained from scenes of crime. Forensic scientists use this information to help identify the offender. Footprints have also been used to build the biological profile of an unknown individual for identification. The measurements are specific for race and sex. The objectives of the present study are to examine the sexual dimorphism of footprint dimensions in adults of an Indian Bengali sample and determine the sex from those measurements. The study was done on 100 adult volunteers of ethnic Bengali origin of West Bengal. Footprints were taken on glossy paper with blue stamp pad ink, and then measurements were taken to the nearest mm. Discriminant function analysis was conducted using several linear measurements, and discriminant function was obtained. Sex determination was successful in 82.0% of the samples. This study provides useful baseline morphometric data of footprints of the Indian Bengali population, which will aid in forensic investigations
An Analytical Study of the Efforts of the Government Ambulance Service in Facing Disasters and Crises in the Gaza Strip in Palestine
No full textIn Gaza Strip, they are several Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers that offer ambulance services and play an important role to maintain the forensic evidences at the incidents scenes. The research problem highlights the multiplicity of Ambulance services providers in Gaza Strip without the existence of protocols that clarify the main tasks of them or because not to apply of the understandings agreed upon in determining the terms of reference.The study aims to search the role of governmental EMS services in the delivery of ambulance services in the Gaza Strip during the earlier crises and emergency events.The importance of the study highlighted by strengthening the governmental role in providing the emergency medical service through the establishing governmental body for Medical Emergency Services in the Gaza Strip.The study will follow the descriptive analytical approach that describes the status of the EMS providers in the Gaza Strip and analyzes the database and statistics of the services.The study reached several results, the most important of which is that the efforts of the government ambulance are dispersed among several parties. This weakens the quality of services provided, and drains the already scare resources, and the best alternative is to establish a unified body specialized in Emergency Medical Service in Gaza Strip
Survey on Updating IDSs’ Signatures Databases
No full textWith the rapid development and growth of the internet and networking, greater numbers of attacks are arising that threaten networks and information security alike. Thus, different types of intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have been introduced: either signature-based IDSs, anomaly-based IDSs, or a hybrid of both. Many IDSs that have adopted the signature-based method suffer from many challenges, one of these challenges is how to detect a new attack in the incoming traffic that its signature doesn’t stored in the known signatures database, while at the same time keeping the rate of false-positive alarms low. Many IDSs update their signatures databases from time to time through the internet or by relying on the network administrator to manually update the database with new attack signatures. Manual updating is a labour-intensive process, can be prone to errors, and is not always practical. This is a survey paper on the various studies regarding the updating process for known IDSs’ signatures databases over time.With the rapid development and growth of the internet and networking, greater numbers of attacks are arising thatthreaten networks and information security alike. Thus, different types of intrusion detection systems (IDSs) havebeen introduced: either signature-based IDSs, anomaly-based IDSs, or a hybrid of both. Many IDSs that have adoptedthe signature-based method suffer from many challenges, one of these challenges is how to detect a new attack in theincoming traffic that its signature doesn’t stored in the known signatures database, while at the same time keeping the rateof false-positive alarms low. Many IDSs update their signatures databases from time to time through the internet or byrelying on the network administrator to manually update the database with new attack signatures. Manual updating is alabour-intensive process, can be prone to errors, and is not always practical. This is a survey paper on the various studiesregarding the updating process for known IDSs’ signatures databases over time
Postmortem Distribution of Cathinone and Cathine in Human Biological Specimens in a Case of Death Associated with Khat Chewing
No full textChewing khat leaves has been associated with several adverse health effects, and there are very few case reports of cardiotoxicity, stroke and death resulting from this. In addition, postmortem distribution of cathine and cathinone, active components of khat, are not yet fully clear. This postmortem case report aimed to identify and determine the concentration of cathine and cathinone in different body organs and green chewed plants found in the mouth of the deceased. Immunoassay and non-targeted GC-MS analysis showed that samples were only positive for amphetamine type stimulants. LC-MS/MS quantitative analysis confirmed that samples were positive for cathinone and cathine. The results showed that cathinone concentration was 0.03, 0.03, 0.06, 0.07, 1.85 and 31 μg/ml in brain, liver, blood, vitreous humor, stomach and chewed green plant, respectively. Whereas, the concentration of cathine was 0.31, 3.28, and 141 μg/ml in kidney, stomach and chewed green plant, respectively. Cathine and cathinone concentrations were found to be changed with respect to site of sampling. The results suggest that stomach and chewed green plants are considered as good samples to show the concentration for both cathine and cathinone at the time of death of the khat chewer
The Rights and Guarantees of the Accused when Faced with Forensic Evidence
No full textThe main aim of this study is to clarify the rights and guarantees of the accused when faced with forensic evidence. The legal authority has provided a number of guarantees to the accused or the subject that must be provided so that he can have free will when faced by forensic evidence. This is especially the case in stages of gathering evidence. One of these rights is making him fully aware of the accusation, his right to remain silent, the right to seek assistance from a lawyer, and the right to be considered innocent until proven guilty. This study concludes that actions involving violation of these rights and freedoms may be taken only in the narrowest possible circumstances and for the purposes of necessity. In addition, these actions may only be taken within a legal framework through procedures that do not result in oppression or coercion or violation of those rights and freedoms. Exercising these rights and having freedoms is not absolute; it is relative: a person is subject to restrictions imposed by law in the interests of others in an attempt to achieve a balance between these rights and personal freedoms on the one hand and the public interest on the other. Such rights must not be restricted except to actualize public interest or establish justice, because a person is innocent until proven guilty in a fair legal trial. Justice is harmed by criminals walking free, but it is also harmed by the violation of the freedoms of an individual and their rights. This is avoided by guaranteeing that these rights and freedoms are not violated
Postmortem Biochemistry and Toxicology
No full textThe aim of postmortem biochemistry and toxicology is either to help establish the cause of death, or to gain information on events immediately before death. If self-poisoning is suspected, the diagnosis may be straightforward and all that could be required is confirmation of the agents involved. However, if the cause of death is not immediately obvious then suspicion of possible poisoning or of conditions such as alcoholic ketoacidosis is of course crucial. On the other hand, it may be important to investigate adherence to prescribed therapy, for example with anticonvulsants or antipsychotics, hence sensitive methods are required. Blood sampling (needle aspiration, peripheral vein, for example femoral, ideally after proximal ligation) before opening the body minimizes the risk of sample contamination with, for example, gut contents or urine. Other specimens (stomach contents, urine, liver, vitreous humor) may also be valuable and may be needed to corroborate unexpected or unusual findings in the absence of other evidence. The site of sampling should always be recorded. The availability of antemortem specimens should not necessarily preclude postmortem sampling. Appropriate sample preservation, transport, and storage are mandatory. Interpretation of analytical toxicology results must take into account what is known of the pharmacokinetics and toxicology of the agent(s) in question, the circumstances under which death occurred including the mechanism of exposure, and other factors such as the stability of the analyte(s) and the analytical methods used. It is important to realise that changes may occur in the composition of body fluids, even peripheral blood, after death. Such changes are likely to be greater after attempted resuscitation, and with centrally-acting drugs with large volumes of distribution given chronically, and may perhaps be minimised by prompt refrigeration of the body and performing the autopsy quickly
Age, Sex and Stature Estimation from Footprint Dimensions
No full textObjectives: The present study was carried out to evaluate the utility and reliability of footprint dimensions in age, sex and stature determination in the North Indian population.Materials and Methods: This study was carried out using a sample of 400 people (146 female and 254 male) aged 10-65 years in Uttar Pradesh, North Western state of India. Footprints of both feet were taken bilaterally, and thus a total of 800 prints were obtained. A cluster of 7 measurements were taken carefully with the help of a scientific scale ruler. Five measurements were length dimensions from the most anterior part of the toe (T1–T5) to the mid rear heel point and two were breadth dimensions from both left and right footprints: breadth at ball (BBAL), breadth at heel (BHEL) and 2 indexes: heel-ball Index (HBI) and footprint index (FPI). All data were analyzed statistically using Student’s t-test, regression coefficient and Pearson’s correlation for the estimation of sex on the basis of footprint dimensions.Results: The T1 in left footprints was greater than right footprints in males, while T1 and BBAL were both found to be greater in left footprints than right footprints in females. All the seven foot dimensions were higher in males than females.Conclusion: There were statistically significant differences observed in all footprint dimensions between the male and female footprints except LFPI, LHBI, and RHBI.
The Legal Importance of Blood Alcohol Limits for Driving in German Law with a Comparative Study of Emirati and Egyptian Legislation
No full textDriving under the influence of alcohol or drugs (DUI) is a crime or offence according to the laws of most countries. DUI increases the risk of traffic accidents as well as the severity and outcome of injuries that result from them. Some countries have a sophisticated control system to monitor DUI of alcohol in all traffic accidents. There is variation between different countries regarding the concept of driving under the influence of alcohol as well as the legal limits of Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and the requirements to test the victims of accidents. This paper reviews the limit values for BAC in German traffic law (Administrative Offences Act), which stipulates a BAC value of 0.50 mg/g and a breath alcohol value of 0.25 mg/L as a marginal value for the application of punitive measures. German criminal law defines the minimum BAC values of relative unfitness to drive and absolute unfitness to drive as 0.3 mg/g and 1.10 mg/g, respectively (1.60 mg/g for cyclists).The minimum BAC values representing significant impairment and absolute impairment in criminal cases are 2.00 mg/g and 3.00 mg/g, respectively. Different penalties and legal consequences result according to the BAC level of an offender. In contrast, only eight out of twenty-two Arab countries recognise BAC limit values only in traffic laws. In Jordan, the BAC limit is 0.75 mg/g (0.08 g/dL).in the UAE, the BAC limit is 0.094 mg/g (0.01 g/dL), while Egyptian law does not recognise BAC values in the application of sanctions: the mere presence of alcohol in blood, regardless of its concentration and effect, is a sufficient and adequate condition for punishment. Accordingly, this study encourages lawmakers in Arab countries to define the limit values for BAC when investigating any crime in general and traffic offences in particular, in close cooperation with forensic doctors and toxicologists. It urges them to consider different BAC and their effects in relation to traffic offences. It also encourages them to take into account the principle of hierarchy in criminal liability when a crime is committed under the influence of alcohol