Journals Portal Naif Arab University for Security Sciences
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Stature Prediction using Shoe Print Dimensions of an Adult Nigerian Population
No full textThis study aimed to derive predictive equations for stature estimationusing shoe print dimensions of adult Nigerian medical studentsin the University of Lagos.A sample of 230 volunteers (100 males and 130 females) of Nigerianparentage, aged 18 – 36 years comprised this cross-sectionalstudy. Stature and 460 bi-lateral shoe prints were obtained fromthe participants using a stadiometer and ink pads. Data analysis wasperformed using SPSS version 20.Sexual dimorphism in stature and shoe print dimensions werefound to be highly significant (p < 0.05), with the males havinggreater values than the females. Paired t test revealed statisticallysignificant bi-lateral differences in shoe print dimensions for the femalesand the pooled sample (p < 0.05). The right shoe print length(RSPL) exhibited the highest correlation with stature in the males,females and the pooled sample, with values of 0.483, 0.607 and0.772, respectively. The shoe print breadths in the males, femalesand the pooled sample were significantly correlated with stature,except the left shoe print breadth (LSPB) in the females (r = 0.148).This study has demonstrated that shoe print dimensions are significantlycorrelated with stature, with the shoe print length showingmore reliability in stature prediction than the shoe print breadth
Forensic Analysis of Gel Pen Inks using Hyperspectral Imaging coupled with Chemometric Procedures
No full textAbstractForensic examination of inks on questioned documents has becomean important practice and the law enforcement agencies rely heavilyon these techniques during criminal investigations. Although nowadaysthere are a variety of methodologies focused on the analysis of inks, thecombination of non-destructive nature of Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI)coupled with the multivariate chemometric technique has received littleattention.In this study, forty-five (n = 45) gel pen inks of three different coloursi.e. blue, red and black of five different brands were analysed usingHSI with the idea of classifying them according to the brand.In terms of discriminating similar coloured components betweensamples, this was achievable only on the basis of the % reflectancespectra. However, arguably, there was sufficient evidence to suggestthat it may be possible to discriminate the samples using chemometricof Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A 2-D score plot from PCAanalysis was enough to characterise the samples into five clusters.The synergy of complementary information provided by PCA narrowsmatching possibilities (in terms of classification) for forensic investigationsinvolving ink analysis
A Study of Palatal Rugae Patterns and Maxillary Inter-Canine Distance in a Jordanian Population Sample
No full textThe study of palatal rugae has an important role in establishingpersonal identity and facilitating population identification. Thecurrent work analyzed the pattern of palatal rugae among an adultJordanian population and searched for any gender differences.A total of 100 random dental casts were included in this study.Number and pattern of palatal rugae regarding length, shape, direction,and unification of rugae were identified. In addition, measurementof maxillary intercanine widths (MIW) using digital Verniercaliper was done.Palatal rugae on the right side outnumbered those on the leftside. Males had more rugae in general than females. The commonestrugae in both sexes were serpiginous. Primary and forward rugaeshowed the highest frequency. A diverging form of unification wasmore prevalent than a converging form. Apart from a total numberof convergent, divergent and secondary rugae, the total number ofother rugae differs significantly between males and females.The study showed characteristics of palatal rugae in a Jordanianpopulation which could be gender specific, facilitating their identification.It revealed the presence of sexual dimorphism, and sexcan be predicted using either logistic regression equation or CARTmodel
Biomarkers in Forensic Diagnosis of Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD)
No full textAbstractDiagnosis of sudden cardiac death (SCD) is challenging formedical professionals. For this reason, to make diagnosis easier forforensic pathologists, there is a pressing need for the use of biomarkers.This article highlights biomarkers that can be used in thepostmortem diagnosis of SCD.Cardiac troponins, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and creatinekinase-MB have proven to be very useful for this purpose.Lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin and tumor necrosis factor α, althoughuseful, are not efficient enough to be included in the list ofbiomarkers for the diagnosis of SCD.Previous studies have shown both positive and negative resultsfor natriuretic peptides as a biomarker, and further studies are requiredto confirm its use as a biomarker for diagnosis of SCD in autopsycases. In living subjects, a multi-marker strategy is useful inpredicting risk of cardiovascular deaths. It is suggested that for thediagnosis of SCD, a multi-marker strategy may be more efficient.However, more studies are required to confirm this
Ear Prints and their impact as Criminal Evidence / بصمة الأذن وأثرها في الإثبات الجنائي
No full textCrime has developed as a result of scientific and technological progress. Because of this development, it can be impossible to identify the perpetrators by traditional means of proof. Traditional means of proof lack the necessary means to identify the offender as a result of them using modern methods to commit their crimes.Criminal justice systems have relied upon modern criminal investigation techniques such as ear prints in identifying perpetrators. However, the use of such techniques as criminal evidence raises problems as to the accuracy of the identity of the individual and may prejudice human rights guaranteed by the constitution.In this study, we attempted to identify the role of ear prints as evidence and their evidential weight before the criminal courts, and the reliability of them as evidence before the criminal judge in various crimes.The study revealed that there is no law regulating the use of ear prints as criminal evidence. There is also a lack of agreement among specialists on the accuracy of their results, which did not reach 100%. This works in favor of the accused, based on the principle that he is innocent until proven guilty. This also shows that ear prints alone cannot be used to prove guilt, because they do not provide certain and clear proof; any conviction must be based on certainty. They need to be supported by other means of proof. However, ear prints are suitable for acquittal or recognition of victims of crime or unknown persons in the event of disasters or newborns, etc.Ear prints are not suitable as criminal evidence in crimes with prescribed Islamic sharia punishments, because they contravene the rules of proving guilt prescribed in Islamic law
Legislative and judicial means against emerging crimes: The crime of money laundering as a model
No full textThis study was designed to clarify the effective legislative and judicial means to face the crime of money laundering. It is considered a new and emerging crime, according to an integrated vision that took into account the developments of the era and its variables in order to achieve security in society. The problem of money-laundering has become a phenomenon that alarms states and individuals because of its serious effects in all aspects of political, economic and social life, as well as in its sources of support, as it is fueled by crime in all its forms. The crime of money-laundering has assumed an advanced rank for crime patterns in light of the development of information technologies and meansof communication. Therefore, states have sought to establish laws and resolute procedures to prevent the spread of this phenomenon. The judiciary has a duty to bring an end to a number of crimes. This is to be achieved through facing this phenomenon in legislative and judicial ways, using preventive methods, and through the enactment oflegislation with severe penalties and judicial application. Preventive measures must also be taken at administrative and financial levels to prevent this crime and dry up its sources. This study is divided into three main topics: the first includes the definition of emerging crimes and the importance of legislatio
Effect of Altitudinal and Seasonal Factors on Diatomological Mapping of Waterbodies: Implication in Drowning Investigations
No full textDiatoms are an essential part of forensic investigation in drowningcases. They are used to differentiate between ante-mortem andpost-mortem drowning and to ascertain the site of drowning. However,to do so it is imperative to perform the diatomological mappingof water sources in different regions. The issue of localizinga drowning site may be resolved with the help of diatomologicalmonitoring and mapping of the water sources, which generates substantialreferences for meeting the ‘criterion of concordance’. Thepresent study has generated a database of diatom diversity in relationto different seasons and altitudes.Water sampling was made from low, mid and high altitudesduring summer and autumn seasons. Important information wasfound after a microscopic examination of diatoms in water samplesfrom different water bodies at different geographical altitudes.Twenty-seven diatom genera have been observed in the watersamples from the selected localities. The findings of the currentstudy have exposed the significant effect of seasonal changes andvaried altitudes on occurrence of diatoms. A variety of commonlyoccurring site restricted diatoms were identified in the water samples.This useful information can be significant while investigatingdrowning cases from this particular region when the drowning siteis either questioned or unknown
A Study of Injury Patterns and Socio-Demographic Profiles of Victims of Intimate Partner Violence in Sri Lanka
No full textIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a common global healthproblem. The injury pattern and socio-demographic profile of IPVin Sri Lanka may show variations to that seen in a western societydue to socio-cultural differences. The objective of this study wasto identify the injury pattern and the socio-demographic aspects ofIPV in a Sri Lankan context.All the victims of IPV presented to the Teaching Hospital Peradeniya,Peradeniya, Sri Lanka from 2006 to 2011 were included inthis study. There were 226 cases of IPV of which 96% were female.The majority were married and living together. They were less than30 years of age, unemployed, with more than 2 children, had a pooreducation and were in the early phase of marriage.Seventy-two percent experienced physical violence resultingin contusions (72%) and abrasions (42%). A significant proportion(11%) did not have any visible injuries. The commonest area of injurywas upper limbs (63%) with the head and face being involvedin 54% of the cases. The majority (84%) were non grievous injuriesinflicted by bare hands (58%) and feet (13%).Profiling of such victims would enable social and communityworkers to identify this vulnerable group for early intervention andprevention of such occurrences
Postmortem Sperm Retrieval and Assisted Reproduction: Issues without Solutions?
No full textThe issue of request for post-mortem sperm retrieval [PMSR]for reproductive purposes has gained momentum in the recent pastin India and other countries. There are various methods for postmortemretrieval of sperm. Modern medicine has progressed to astage where posthumous gamete retrieval with subsequent reproductionhas become a possibility. However, very little has beendiscussed regarding guidelines orethical, social, and medical issuesrelated to such a procedure. The procedure is a boon for familieswho might have become saddened by the untimely death of theirson. The procedure can be useful for not only the spouse of marriedindividuals but also to their parents. Also, such a procedure can bevery helpful to the parents of their unmarried son, who was theirsole support. However, there is no discussion of using such PMSRtechniques in married as well as unmarried individuals if requestedby close relatives. The present paper discusses the issues regardingPMSR in deceased individuals and the various issues that mayarise
Interpretation of Evidence: The Key to Conveying Information to Court
No full textAbstractThe advent of new technologies such as DNA typing, the weightof scientific evidence in criminal trials of widespread publicity, andthe proliferation of fictional and non-fictional works in popular mediahave contributed to making forensic science well known, althoughperhaps not as well understood, by the general public. Oneof the consequences of this popularisation of forensic science was asharp change in the attitude of investigators, who increasingly tendto delegate to scientists the collection of information necessary toidentify the perpetrator of the crime. However, the prominent focuson the search of biological traces or fingerprints, due to their highpotential for the personal identification of the individuals present atthe crime scene, somewhat fade the interest towards other kinds ofevidence, such as trace evidence. This kind of evidence is in factperceived by judges and lawyers as less informative, because theythink that “all plastic items are the same”, i.e. that it is impossible todiscriminate among mass produced items. The purpose of this paperis to stress that, with sound methods for interpreting evidence, itis possible to improve the communication between the scientist andthe Court, and to show the real significance of the analytical results,in the context of the case.The analysis of the traces found on a knife used in a murdercase were performed by optical microscopy, IR spectroscopy, andUV-visible spectroscopy. The interpretation of evidence was carriedout according to a Bayesian approach.A description of the interpretation of evidence in a case inwhich fibres were the key evidence. It is shown that the key aspectsfor having a high value of the evidence are the circumstances of thecase and the reconstruction of the events given by the prosecutorand by the defence, in addition of course to a sound analytical procedure.In other words, it is shown that in some cases the evidentialvalue of fibres or other trace evidence can be very high, sometimescomparable to that of fingerprints or DNA: when properly interpreted,trace evidence can give key information for solving cases