Journals Portal Naif Arab University for Security Sciences
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Head Injury due to Cracker Blast
No full textAbstractDeath arising from fireworks is not an uncommon phenomenonin India. Deaths commonly arise during the manufacturingprocess and improper handling of chemicals forfireworks.Here, we would like to highlight a rare case in which a12-year-old child sustained a head injury due to a crackerblast, which resulted in a depressed fracture over the vault ofher skull. In this paper, we tried to emulate the same patternof fracture on a human skull bone experimentally using thesame type of cracker which caused the injury.This was done to give us an insight as to whether thecracker was powerful enough to produce a fracture and torule out suspicion of blunt force trauma due to a weapon onthe head. The subsequent explosion caused by the blast produceda distinctly similar pattern of fracture in comparison tothe fracture observed in our case.The study also highlights the dangers of country-madecrackers handled by children
Investigation of Kerosene used as Fire Accelerant Remaining on Different Kinds of Fabrics
No full textIn arson cases, the detection and identification of fire accelerants is of high importance for elucidation of such crimes. The present study aims to investigate the remaining fraction of kerosene hydrocarbons impregnated on four kinds of textiles (nylon, polyester, wool and cotton). The volatile fraction was collected by SPME on non-burnt andburnt samples at successive times (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h.), then analyzed by GC-MS. Among the 27 characteristic compounds identified in kerosene, aromatic hydrocarbons were the predominant components, but their evaporation was faster than alkanes in unburnt textiles. Also, in the case of non-burnt samples, the total amount of kerosene residues was higher in synthetic tissues than in natural materials. After burning the different kinds of impregnated textiles, 22 hydrocarbons were detected with a decreasing amount over time, while the concentration of linear alkanes remained higher during the sampling time. All the partially burnt samples displayed much less kerosene residues than in the same unburnt samples. Unlike the non-burnt samples, the profile of kerosene amount as function of time wasvery similar on the four investigated kinds of fabrics after burning. These results and the proposed procedure should help forensic investigators in the field of fire debris analysis, in arson cases
Alcohol and Substance Abuse in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Hospital -based Survey
No full textThe Government of Saudi Arabia has recognized and acknowledged substance abuse as a public health problem. As aresult, specialized hospitals have been established in many regions to treat substance abuse. The prevalence of substance abuse was investigated using a sample of 197 patients at Al-Amal Hospital, Riyadh, during a period of four months starting from May to August in 2018. The mean age of patients in the study was 26.5 years. The proportionof patients based on substances abused were as follows: amphetamines (30.9%), cannabis (30.1%), ethyl alcohol (22.9%), alprazolam (5.1%), clonazepam (2.1%), tramadol (2.1%), heroin (1.3%), cocaine (0.4%) and pregabalin (0.4%). Patients who used a combination of two or more substances constituted 4.7%. The mean duration of abuse was 8.8 years for all the patients. Health organizations should raise awareness about these drugs and therisks associated with their abuse, especially among young people. By conducting more research and developing a better understanding of the problem, treatment could be made more effective
Toothpaste Pattern: A Distinctive Feature of an 8 mm Bullet Fired through a Glass Target
No full textShooting cases studied at the crime scene reveal an interesting outcome: the components of a projectile are usually disconnected and separated after firing through intermediate targets such as glass, bakelite or any other brittle materials. This study reports the forensic analysis of an 8mm soft nose bullet fired through a standard .315” sporting rifle onto glass sheets. Typical toothpaste pattern, mushroomed inward lead core was obtained in the laboratory for examinations. It is further highlighted that the lead core and jacketed portion of bullets were found separated in the cotton filled bullet recovery box after being fired through the glass targets. In such situations, interpretation andcorrelation of these elements becomes a difficult task for the firearm examiner or crime scene investigator.In the present study, typical toothpaste type patterns of the leadcore of Indian manufactured 8mm soft nose bullets were forensically examined and analyzed. Experimental data reported in this study may be helpful for firearm experts, crime scene investigators and related investigating agencies in future to correlate and interpret the evidence found at a shooting scene
Statistical Calculations in Case of Brother-Sister Incest
No full textIncest is a sexual activity that happens between close family members that are not allowed to get married due to customs or law. In a case of incest between a brother and his married sister, a paternity test and astatistical analysis were performed at the laboratories of the Paternity and Kinship Division of the Medico-legal Directorate Baghdad, Iraq. Blood samples were taken from the concerned subjects in this case (newborn baby, mother, alleged father, and the husband) and placed on FTA cards. DNA extraction was done using Chelex®, then theamplification of extracted DNA was carried out using an AmpFlSTR® Identifiler kit. PCR products were run with a 3130xl Genetic Analyzer, and the data were analyzed with Gene-Mapper ID® Analysis Software V.3.2 software.The analysis of DNA profiles using 15 loci as well as the statistical analysis for calculating the paternity index confirmed the allegation of the brother-sister incest, since the baby inherited all the obligate alleles from the alleged father (suspected brother). With a 99.9998% probability of paternity, these results showed that even in the case of brother-sister incest, paternity could be proved using 15 DNA locus with a high rate of certainty
Mitigation of Application Layer DDoS Flood Attack Against Web Servers
No full textThe Application-layer Distributed Denial of Service (App-DDoS) attack is one of the most menacing types of cyber-attacks that circumvent web servers. Since the attackers have developed different techniques and methods, preventing App- DDoS attacks has become more difficult than ever before. One of the most commonly and targeted protocols in the application-layer is HTTP-GET flooding attacks. The attacker sends a large number of HTTP-GET requests from different infected devices to force the server to assign the maximum resources available in response to every single request. The objective of this attack is to exhaust the server’s resources and deny service to the legitimate users. The App-DDoS attacks affect Quality of Service (QoS) and are extremely costly in terms of resource exhaustion. In this paper, we discuss development and testing of an App-DDoS attack detection and mitigation model in order to defend web servers against threats. Our design model employs three principle states: normal, screening and suspicious. The defense model transits between these modes based on the server load. We use Machine Learning (ML) techniques to provide high detection accuracy of App-DDoS attacks. Our experimental results demonstrate that this defense system is effective against App-DDoS attack.The Application-layer Distributed Denial of Service (App-DDoS) attack is one of the most menacing types of cyberattacksthat circumvent web servers. Since the attackers have developed different techniques and methods, preventingApp-DDoS attacks has become more difficult than ever before. One of the most commonly and targeted protocols inthe application-layer is HTTP-GET flooding attacks. The attacker sends a large number of HTTP-GET requests fromdifferent infected devices to force the server to assign the maximum resources available in response to every singlerequest. The objective of this attack is to exhaust the server’s resources and deny service to the legitimate users. TheApp-DDoS attacks affect Quality of Service (QoS) and are extremely costly in terms of resource exhaustion. In thispaper, we discuss development and testing of an App-DDoS attack detection and mitigation model in order to defend webservers against threats. Our design model employs three principle states: normal, screening and suspicious. The defensemodel transits between these modes based on the server load. We use Machine Learning (ML) techniques to providehigh detection accuracy of App-DDoS attacks. Our experimental results demonstrate that this defense system is effectiveagainst App-DDoS attack
Vertical Fragmentation for Database Using FPClose Algorithm
No full textVertical fragmentation technique is used to enhance the performance of database system and reduce the number of access to irrelevant instances by splitting a table or relation into different fragments vertically. The partitioning design can be derived using FPClose algorithm, which is a data mining algorithm used to extract the frequent closed itemsets in a dataset. A new design approach is implemented to perform fragmentation. A benchmark with different minimum support levels is tested. The obtained results from FPClose algorithm are compared with the Apriori algorithm.Vertical fragmentation technique is used to enhance the performance of database system and reduce the number ofaccess to irrelevant instances by splitting a table or relation into different fragments vertically. The partitioning design canbe derived using FPClose algorithm, which is a data mining algorithm used to extract the frequent closed itemsets in adataset. A new design approach is implemented to perform fragmentation. A benchmark with different minimum supportlevels is tested. The obtained results from FPClose algorithm are compared with the Apriori algorithm
Requirements for Promoting Intellectual Security for University Female Students According to Teamwork Methods (A Descriptive Study: Female Students and Faculty Members)
No full textهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى بحث أساليب تعزيز الوسطية والمفاهيم المعتدلة لدى الطالبات، وتحديد أنماط الفكر المنحرف والسلوكيات المنبثقة عنه التي تهدد أمن المجتمعات عامة ومجتمع الجامعة خاصة، كما تهدف إلى تحديد معوقات تعزيز الأمن الفكري بمجتمع الجامعة، وتحديد المتطلبات المعرفية والسلوكية اللازمة لذلك لدى الطالبة الجامعية، وتنتمي الدراسة الحالية إلى نمط الدراسات الوصفية باستخدام منهج المسح الاجتماعي بالعينة، وقد استخدمت الدراسة استبانةً موجهة إلى عينة من طالبات جامعة الأميرة نورة، واستبانةً موجهة إلى بعض أعضاء هيئة التدريس، وقد خرجت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات، منها: عقد دورات تدريبية وورش عمل لتصحيح المفاهيم السلبية ومعالجة أنماط الفكر المنحرف التي عبرت عنها عينة الدراسة، الاهتمام بالتوعية الإعلامية داخل مجتمع الجامعة للتغلب على معوقات تعزيز الأمن الفكري، إضافة مقررات وموضوعات بالمقررات الدراسية تحوي مفهوم الأمن الفكري وأهميته وأساليب تعزيزه وتوجيه الطالبات للدور الوطني المنتظر منهن ضمن برامج الإعداد الأكاديمي.The study seeks to identify the most important probThe study seeks to explore methods for promoting moderation among female students. It tries to define the patterns of deviant thought and behaviors threatening the security of communities in general and university communities in particular. Obstacles impeding the promotion of intellectual security in university communities are also highlighted. In addition, the cognitive and behavioral requirements that should be met for enhancing the level of intellectual security among female university students are demonstrated.
The study is a descriptive one that applies a social survey approach on the study sample. It uses two questionnaires; one for some female students of Princess Norah University and another directed to some faculty members.
The study presents some recommendations. They include the following:
Training courses and workshops should be held for correcting negative concepts and treating the deviant thought patterns shown by the study sample.
Media awareness inside the university’s community should be given more attention in order to eliminate the obstacles impeding the promotion of intellectual security.
Courses and studies on the concept of intellectual security and highlighting its importance and ways of promotion should be added to curricula.
The female university students should be guided in the academic preparation program to play their expected role for the country.
The study indicates that there is no correlative relationship between the abovementioned problems and mental health aspects related to Umm Al-Qura’s female students visiting Student Guidance Center (scientific and literary disciplines).
 
Disciplinary Dismissal of Public officials in Saudi Law: A Comparative Study
No full textتناولت هذه الدراسة إجراءات الفصل التأديبي للموظف العام في النظام السعودي، من حيث تحديد طبيعة العلاقة بين الموظف العام والإدارة العامة التي تستند إليها الإدارة في اتخاذ هذه العقوبة؛ نتيجة قيام الموظف العام بإحدى المخالفات التأديبية. وتبعًا لخطورة عقوبة الفصل التأديبي كان لزامًا وجوب مراعاة مجموعة من الضوابط والمعايير التي تضمن تحقيق التوازن بين المصلحة العامة وضمان قدر من العدالة للموظف العام المتهم. وتأتى هذه الضمانات بشكل خاص في نطاق وجوب تقنين المخالفات التأديبية الموجبة لعقوبة الفصل التأديبي؛ تجنبًا لتعسف الإدارة في اتخاذها، وما يتخلل ذلك من وجوب الفصل بين هيئة التحقيق والاتهام، إضافة إلى وجوب إناطة سلطة اتخاذ قرار عقوبة الفصل التأديبي بهيئة قضائية؛ لما تتمتع به من حياد واستقلالية، وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى عدد من التوصيات منها: حماية الحقوق المالية للموظف المحكوم عليه بعقوبة الفصل التأديبي.This study addressed the procedures of disciplinary dismissal of public officials in Saudi law. It identified the nature of the relationship between public officials and the public administration on which the administration relies in imposing its punishment, which is a result of a disciplinary violation committed by a public official. Due to the seriousness of the disciplinary dismissal punishment, it is necessary to consider a set of controls and standards that guarantee a balance between the public interest and the guarantee of justice for the accused public official. These guarantees are reflected in the need to codify the disciplinary violations leading to the disciplinary dismissal, in order to avoid the arbitrariness of the administration in imposing the punishment and the need to distinguish between investigation and accusation. This is in addition to assigning the decision-making authority of the disciplinary dismissal to a judicial body, since such a judicial body is impartial and independent. The study yielded some recommendations: the most prominent was the need to protect the financial rights of the official sentenced to disciplinary dismissal
Understanding the Environmental Crime
No full textDue to globalization and advanced technology, negative environmentalconsequences result from industrial and commercial operationsworldwide. Tackling environmental illegalities is a major global concernthat requires ongoing evaluation and revision at all levels and indifferent parts of the world. During the last century, there has beenincreased attention given to the problem of environmental crimes.Sanctions against environmental crimes must be more effective, stronger,realistic and imminent. In the battle against environmental crimes,several obstacles have distracted the implementation of criminal law.This paper addresses the valuable role of criminal law in providingeffectiveness of environmental protection laws, since compliance withenvironmental laws is not usually voluntary. In specific, this paper examinessome obstacles in an international context. The study is basedon theoretically driven research methods. It examines primary andsecondary resources on the topic such as assigned laws, precedents,academic books, journal articles and reliable websites. Finally, it concludeswith some recommendations that could contribute to minimizing(if not preventing) environmental crimes