Journals Portal Naif Arab University for Security Sciences
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Autopsy Findings in Cases of Suspected Pediatric Homicide
No full textPaediatric deaths in developing countries, especially in Africa,are often attributed to supernatural causes or to aged family membersor unfriendly neighbors. This study aims to evaluate autopsybasedcauses of death in such cases.All autopsy deaths in children less than 15 years of age in whichhomicide was suspected from January 2001 to December 2015were retrospectively reviewed. Their bio-data, circumstances surroundingdeath and cause of death were extracted, and presentedin this report.In the 15 years reviewed, there were 55 pediatric homicide relatedcases. Based on autopsy findings (coupled with clinical andcircumstantial evidences), manners of death were classified as natural(34%), accidental (31%), homicidal (9%) and unascertainable inthe remaining 26% of the cases.The study highlights the need for forensic pathologists workingin developing countries to be actively involved in all stages ofinvestigating cases of suspected pediatric homicide
Criminal Violence in Libya: A Descriptive, Autopsy-Based Study of Deaths by Firearms in Tripoli
No full textAbstractThe uprisings in some Arab states during the past several yearsdeveloped into armed conflicts. Therefore, the incidence of violentcrimes has become more common with no reliable data on theirpatterns. The present study aimed to estimate the magnitude of thatproblem by studying the frequency and pattern of firearm deaths inTripoli, Libya.A retrospective descriptive study of autopsy cases of firearmdeaths was conducted. The data was retrieved from medico-legalreports of cases that were referred to the Forensic Medicine Departmentof the Judicial Expertise and Research Center, Ministry of justice,Tripoli, Libya during two years from the 1st of January 2014 tothe end of December 2015. Structured data sheets were produced.Out of 4,342 unnatural deaths that were autopsied, 774 cases(17.82 %) were due to firearms. Males were commonly targeted.The mean age of victims was 31.7 ± 11 years with significant predominancein the middle age group. Incidence of firearm deaths innon-Libyans increased in 2015 to 8.5%. Homicidal cases represented92.12% of cases. There was a significant relationship betweenmanner of firing and sex (p ≤ 0.001). In 95.9% of cases, the firingwas from a far range. Rifled weapons were used in 98.32% of cases.Head and neck were targeted in 30.8% of cases.There is a high incidence of illegal firearm use and firearm relateddeaths in Libya. Societal and international efforts are neededto decrease the illicit use and trafficking of such weapons
What does a Forensic Linguist Really Do? A Close Reading of three Cases of Authorship /طبيعة عمل عالم اللغة الجنائي قراءة في ثلاث قضايا في تحقيق نسبة النص
No full textThe present study attempts to investigate the nature of the work of the forensic linguist to find out the procedural methods used to attribute authorship of texts to their potential owners. The aim is to examine the aspects of the linguistic theory on which the work of the forensic linguist depends, and upon which he may base his assumptions and then verify their validity. To achieve this, the study follows the narrative analysis method, one of the methods of qualitative approach in humanities, which depends on the analysis of the text and tracing the human experience of the forensic linguist in his work and obstacles he encountered. The study deals with three famous cases that occupied the Western judiciary for a period of time. The first is the issue of doubt in the statement of the culprit known as the case of Derek Bentley in Britain, the issue of comparing manuscripts known as the Unabomber, and the issue attributing part of a text to one of its co-authors. It is hoped that the study of these three cases will lead to further research in this neglected area of science in the Arab world
Crime Scene Mapping using Differential GPS and Geospatial Techniques for Simulated Outdoor Crime Scenes
No full textOutdoor crime scene management is difficult to accomplish,especially when the crime transpired in a big area, uneven space, or an area with a lack of reference points. It is important to visualize the location of the evidence to get an idea of how the crime took place and in what manner. In this research, two simulated outdoor crime scenes were created,where both manual tape measurement and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) unit were applied to see if the differential GPS offers an accurate and reliable alternative for mapping the scene over the baseline method. A eographic Information System(GIS) was used to derive a map of the simulated outdoor scenes. The result indicates that the DGPS unit provides a consistent reading when compared to manual tape measurement, giving an average reading difference of 0.06 cm and 0.13 cm. The study concluded that the DGPS unit can be a viable alternative for mapping outdoor crime scenes
Legal Background of Food Safety Violation Internationally and in Saudi Arabia
No full textTackling food safety violations worldwide in general and in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in particular is a major global concern that requires ongoing evaluation and revision of the food control systems and laws. This paper addresses the legal classification of food safety violations by reviewing and examining several cases of food safety violations in different countries, including Saudi Arabia. The study is based on theoretically driven research methods.It examines primary and secondary resources on the topic such as laws, precedents, academic books, journal articles and reliablewebsites. It concludes with some recommendations that could contribute to minimizing (if not preventing) food safety violation
A Study of Bilateral Asymmetry of Upper Extremities and its Effects on Stature Reconstruction amongst Nigerians
No full textThe relevance of stature prediction from body segments to aforensic scientist cannot be overemphasized. But the presence ofbilateral asymmetry between these limbs still poses a lot of challengesin ascertaining accurate values from estimates. A regressionequation derived from the right side and applied to the left side maycause more harm than good in medico-legal investigations. The aimof this study is to predict stature from limb lengths and to investigatethe effect of bilateral asymmetry on stature reconstruction.A total of 230 healthy Nigerians (100 males and 130 females)aged between 18 to 36 years were recruited for the measurement.Stature, left and right limb lengths were measured in centimetersin tandem with the standard anthropometric procedure. Statisticalanalysis was done using SPSS version 20 Chicago Inc.Results of this study showed sexual dimorphism and bilateralasymmetry between left and right limb lengths in both sexes at asignificance level of p < 0.01.The present outcome may be found useful by Forensic anthropologistand anatomist in narrowing down human individuality usingthe regression models. Therefore, there is need for right appropriationof an equation to the correct side of the body otherwise itmay lead to erroneous results
Sex Distinction in Digital Dermatoglyphic Patterns of Convicted Prisoners: A Comparative Cohort-Control Study
No full textThe present study intends to analyse sex distinction in digital dermatoglyphic patterns in convicted prisoners and compare them with a normal control group. For this purpose, a sample of 184 prisoners (149 males, 35 females)as well as 240 normal participants (male 120, female 120)were selected. The prisoner cohort group selected for the study was convicted for the following offences: Section 302 IPC, 307 IPC, 376IPC, 363-364 IPC, 366 IPC, 323-26 IPC. Galton’s system of classification was followed to classify various dermatoglyphic patterns. In the male criminal cohort group, the overall frequency of loop patterns (56.51%) was maximum compared to the frequency of whorls (38.79%) and arches (4.7%), while males in the control group exhibited the highest frequency of whorls (48.25%) followedby loops (47.67%) and arches (4.08%). In females, loops were the most frequently occurring pattern, whereas arches were the least frequently seen pattern in both the criminal and cohort group. The frequency of arches was lowest in both the hands with higher fractional percentage in the radial side (thumb and index finger) of distoproximal axis as compared to ulnar side (ring finger and little finger) in both the groups. Pattern intensity index (13.40 vs 13.05),and furuhata’s index (69.35 vs 68.47) of the criminal males and females were found to be comparable, but the Dankmeijer’s index (12.11 vs 18.93) of the male criminals was lower than their female counterparts, thereby indicating a higher occurrence of arches in the female criminal cohort group
Commentary on: Attafi IM, Albeishy MY, Oraiby ME, Khardali IA, Shaikhain GA, Fageeh MM. Postmortem Distribution of Cathinone and Cathine in Human Biological Specimens in a Case of Death Associated wit
No full textThe interpretation of post-mortem human tissue toxicology levels may be affected by the sampling site chosen. It is important to bear this in mind when looking at the psychoactive constituents of khat (Catha edulis Forsk) that have been consumed and have contributed to or caused death.The post-mortem levels of cathine, cathinone and norephedrine/ norpseudoephedrine are very rarely reported, thereby making it impossible for toxicologists, pathologists and others investigating khat-related fatalities to decide if a level is toxic or fatal. This paper presents all the published data that exists to help start documenting this neglected area. Such information should be collected and reported on a systematic basis to facilitate correct interpretations in the future
The Geostrategic Characteristics of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and How They are Adapted to Vision 2030
No full textهدفت الدراسة إلى تحليل الخصائص الجيوإستراتيجية التي تتمتع بها المملكة العربية السعودية، فهي تحظى بمكانة دينية لدى أكثر من مليار ونصف من المسلمين في العالم؛ مايعطيها عمقًا جيوثقافيًّا قلّ نظيره على المستوى العالمي، كما تتمتع بموقع إستراتيجي يمكنها من التحكم بثلاثة ممرات مائية عالمية تمثل شريان العالم التجاري والاقتصادي؛ مايجعل منها قلب الكيان العربي الآسيوي؛ إذ تمتلك ثروات اقتصادية كبيرة، يأتي في مقدمتها النفط وسيلة الصناعة والمواصلات العالمية، وإلى جانب تلك الخصائص الثلاث تمتاز المملكة بفتوّة شعبها وما وصل إليه من درجة علمية وثقافية ومستوى متطور من الرفاهية المعيشية والصحية. وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج؛ من أبرزها: أن استجابة الأبعاد الجغرافية لرؤية المملكة 2030م دلت على أن هذه الأبعاد كانت تنتظر هذه الرؤية، لاستثمار الموارد الإستراتيجية والاقتصادية الموجودة على أرض المملكة؛ إذ إنها تمتلك اقتصادًا قويًّا وقادرًا على الاستجابة لمتطلبات الرؤية، بحيث يكون في المرتبة الخامسة عشرة بدلًا من التاسعة عشرة على مستوى العالم، وأن البعد السياحي بشقيه الديني والمدني يسير نحو الأمام في التطور ورفد الاقتصاد السعودي بحيث تكون مشاركته في الناتج الإجمالي بدرجة عالية وأن لا يبقى اقتصاد المملكة مقصورًا على النفط. وأن الإنسان السعودي هو العامل الفاعل والأهم في عملية التنمية وهو اليوم أمام تحدٍ حقيقي للاستجابة لمتطلبات رؤية بلاده المستقبليةThe study seeks to analyze the geostrategic characteristics of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). It has a religious standing in the eyes of one and half billion Muslims in the world. This standing grants KSA a unique geo-cultural depth. KSA’s strategic location enables it to control three world waterways constituting the commercial and economic artery of the world. It is in the heart of Arab and Asian countries and has huge economic wealth; oil which is the main tool for world industry and transportation is the most important resource of such wealth. Moreover, KSA has strong people with a high level of knowledge, culture, standard of living and health.
The study presents some findings. The most important ones are as follows: The geographical aspects of KSA are well adapted to KSA’s Vision 2030. This shows that such geographical aspects have been waiting for this vision to be used to invest the strategic and economic resources of KSA. KSA has a strong economy that is capable to respond to the requirements of Vision 2030. KSA’s economy can be developed to occupy the fifteenth instead of nineteenth place among the world economies. The religious and civil sectors of Saudi tourism are developing. They are enriching the Saudi economy and greatly contribute to the total national income. Subsequently, KSA’s economy can turn into an economy with multiple resources that is not only dependent on oil
Mechanisms of International Cooperation on Extradition and their Impacts in Reducing New Crimes
No full textلتطور التكنولوجي عاملًا مهمًّا في سبيل تسهيل الحياة وانتظامها، ولم تنفك العناصر الإجرامية عن تطويع ذلك التطور في ارتكاب جرائمهم اعتمادًا على سرعة وسائل النقل، وفي مقدمتها وسيلة النقل الجوي خاصة، وقد جاءت هذه الدراسة لتتناول الجهود الدولية في سبيل تعقب المجرمين وتسليمهم للعدالة، وإبرام الاتفاقيات الدولية لتعزيز التعاون القضائي والشرطي.
وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج منها اختلاف عناصر التجريم للنشاط الإجرامي من دولة إلى أخرى، أسهم في التذرع باختلاف النموذج التجريمي، وبالتالي إمكانية عدم التسليم. واشتراط ازدواج التجريم، وبخاصة في الجرائم الاقتصادية أو جرائم الفساد، كان سببًا في إفلات عتاة المجرمين من العدالة.
كما توصلت إلى التوصيات التالية: أهمية العمل على عقد المزيد من المعاهدات الثنائية والمتعددة الأطراف، ووضع آلية محددة للجوانب الفنية، وبخاصة للجرائم المستحدثة وعلى رأسها الجرائم المعلوماتية. عدم جواز التحفظ على التسليم، إلا في الجرائم السياسية، ووضع بنود محددة تمكن الدول حال استيفائها من إتمام طلب التسليم من الدولة المطلوب منها التسليم.Technological development has become a key factor in the facilitation and regularity of life. Criminal actors continued to adapt this development in the commission of their crimes depending on the speed of the means of transportation, especially air transportation. In this context, this study addresses the international efforts to trace criminals and bring them to justice, in addition to the conclusion of international agreements to enhance judicial and police cooperation.
The study concluded numerous findings, the most prominent of which are The dissimilarity of the criminalization elements of criminal activity from one country to another contributed to the invocation of the dissimilarity of the criminal model, and thus the possibility of non-extradition. The requirement of dual criminality, particularly in economic or corruption crimes, has caused vicious criminals to escape justice.
Moreover, the study yielded the following recommendations: Importance should be assigned on making further bilateral and multilateral agreements, and on developing a specific mechanism for the technical aspects. New crimes, with focus on cybercrimes, should be at the peak. The impermissibility of a refraining to extradite, except in political crimes, and the establishment of specific items that enable countries, upon completion, to complete the extradition request from the requested country