Journals Portal Naif Arab University for Security Sciences
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The Use of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Confronting the COVID-19 Epidemic
No full textالأشهر السابقة على إعداد هذه الدراسة، استخدمت تقنيات البيانات الضخمة والذكاء الاصطناعي في العديد من البحوث التي تم إطلاق معظمها على وجه السرعة؛ بهدف المساعدة في فهم تطور جائحة فيروس كورونا المستجد - التي أثرت بشكل كبير على كل جوانب حياتنا اليومية- والتخفيف من تداعياتها، وتطوير التدابير الوقائية والعلاجية اللازمة لمواجهتها.
وقد استهدفت هذه الدراسة تسليط الضوء على مجموعة من هذه البحوث في مجالات: التنبؤ بالانتشار، وتتبع الإصابات، وتشخيص الحالات المصابة، واقتراح البدائل العلاجية، ودعم هيئات الصحة العامة، ورصد الحالة النفسية لعامة الناس. وبالرغم من أن كثيرًا من هذه البحوث لم يتم استخدامها على نطاق واسع، ولم يتم اختبارها سريريًّا، فإنها قد وفرت رؤى عاجلة، ومعلومات ذات مغزى طبي، لصانعي السياسات وللأطقم الطبية.
وقد اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التقويمي الذي تم في سياقه اختيار البحوث التي تم استعراضها. وقد روعي في هذا الاختيار أن تكون هذه البحوث مستخدمة لتقنيتي البيانات الضخمة والذكاء الاصطناعي، سواء معًا أو بصورة منفردة، وأن تكون ذات علاقة بالمجالات السالف ذكرها. وقد تم في هذا الإطار عرض خلاصات هذه البحوث ونظمها بصورة تحقق أهداف الدراسة وتجيب عن أسئلتها.
ولقد أمكن لنا - من خلال استعراض هذه الأعمال البحثية- التوصل إلى إلقاء الضوء على العديد من التحديات والقضايا المرتبطة باستخدام تقنيات البيانات الضخمة والذكاء الاصطناعي في تطوير الحلول التي أسهمت في مكافحة جائحة COVID-19 في وقت إجراء هذه الدراسة، أو تلك التي تسهم في مكافحة أي أزمات مماثلة في المستقبل، وكذلك وضع توصيات تتضمن ما ينبغي أخذه في الاعتبار، سواء من جانب الباحثين عند تصميم الحلول المستخدمة لهذه التقنيات، أو من جانب المسؤولين الحكوميين عند وضع In the months leading up to this study Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) were used in several researches, most of which were launched quickly with the aim of helping to understand the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic that has greatly affected all aspects of our daily lives, mitigating its effects, and developing the necessary preventive and curative measures to counter it.
In this study, we aimed to shed light on a collection of these researches in the areas of outbreak prediction, virus spread tracking, infection diagnosis, suggesting treatment alternatives, supporting public health agencies, and monitoring the psychology of the public. Although many of these researches have not been widely used nor been clinically tested, they have provided insights and meaningful medical information for policy makers and medical staff.
The study adopted the descriptive approach through which the research works reviewed in this study were chosen. Using Big Data and AI separately or together and the relationship to the aforementioned areas were the limitations taken into account when selecting the researches to be reviewed. In this context, their abstracts were presented and organized in a way that achieves the study aims and answers its questions.
By reviewing these researches, we were able to shed light on the challenges and issues associated with the use of Big Data and AI in developing solutions that contributed to combating the novel COVID-19 pandemic at the time of this study or will contribute to combating any similar crises in the future
ATR FT-IR Spectroscopy: A Novel and Non-Destructive Approach for the Detection of Blood on a Single Fiber
No full textغالبًا ما يتصادف وجود الدم على أنواع مختلفة من الركائز (العينات) في التحقيقات الجنائية. ومن بين هذه الركائز، تعتبر الأقمشة الملطخة بالدم واحدة من الأدلة الأكثر شيوعًا. تحليل بقع الدم على الأقمشة مقيد بسبب تداخل أصباغ النسيج ولون النسيج الذي يعيق التحديد البصري وكمية العينة المحدودة. على مر السنين، تم إجراء عدد كبير من الأبحاث لتحليل آثار الدم المرفوعة من الأدلة (العينات) المختلفة، ومع ذلك، فإن الأساليب المستخدمة محدودة بعوامل مثل تدمير العينة، وطول فترة المعالجة، والتعرض لنتائج إيجابية خاطئة. للتغلب على القيود المذكورة أعلاه، ازداد استخدام التحليل الطيفي ATR FT-IR كأداة غير متلفة وموثوقة للكشف عن آثار الدم وسوائل الجسم الأخرى على فتلات الخيوط. في هذه الدراسة، جرت محاولة للكشف عن آثار الدم في الألياف من مختلف الأنواع والألوان باستخدام التحليل الطيفي ATR FT-IR .
النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها خلصت بشكل لا لبس فيه إلى أنه باستخدام التحليل الطيفي ATR FT-IR ، يمكن الكشف عن الدم بنجاح حتى على ألياف خيوط مفردة من خلال القمم المميزة الموضوعة عند 1650 و1543 سم-1، المقابلة للأميد الأول والأميد الثاني، على أساس منطقة البروتين التي تحمل علامة الأشعة تحت الحمراء (1700-1500 سم -1) يمكن تمييز بقع الدم بسهولة من الألياف الفارغة (باستثناء الشعر البشري، الذي يتداخل مع قمم الألياف الملطخة بالدم) باستخدام الأداة الكيمومترية PCA .
وعلى الرغم من الحاجة إلى إجراء مزيد من الفحوص، فإن دراسة إثبات المفهوم هذه، حددت الاستخدام المحتمل لمطياف ATR FT-IR من أجل التعرف على آثار الدم كأداة غير متلفة وسريعة وصديقة للبيئة والموثوقة من ألياف خيوط واحدة بسبب حساسية السطح المتضمن وصغر عمق الاختراق.Abstract
Blood is often encountered on different types of substrates in criminal investigations. Among such substrates, blood stained fabrics are one of the most commonly encountered evidence. Analysis of bloodstains on fabrics is restricted due to interference of fabric dyes, color of fabric which hampers visual identification, and limited sample quantity. Over the years, a plethora of research has been conducted to analyze recovered blood traces, however, the methods employed are limited by factors such as sample destructibility, chronophagus processing, and vulnerability to false positive results. To circumvent the aforementioned limitations, use of ATR FT-IR spectroscopy has surged as a non-destructive and reliable tool for the detection of traces of blood and other body fluids on fibers. In the present study, an attempt has been made to detect traces of blood in fibers of different types and colors using ATR FT-IR spectroscopy. The obtained results unequivocally concluded that by using ATR FT-IR spectroscopy blood can be successfully detected even on a single fiber through characteristic peaks positioned at 1650 cm-1 and 1543 cm-1 corresponding to amide I and amide II. On the basis of the IR marked protein region (1700-1500 cm-1) bloodstains could easily be discriminated from the blank fibers (except human hair, which overlapped with the peaks of bloodstained fibers) by using PCA chemometric tool. Although, further investigations are needed to be conducted, this proof-of-concept study establishes the potential use of ATR FT-IR spectroscopy for the non-destructive, rapid, eco-friendly
Vitreous Humor Biochemical Indicators of Acute CO Intoxication Associated Deaths: A Review of the Literature
No full textإن التسمم بأول أكسيد الكربون (CO) هو استنشاق كمية مركزة من أول أكسيد الكربون بنسب أعلى من الحد المسموح. ويشير تحديد تركيز أول أكسيد الكربون CO المستنشق إلى مستوى الضرر الذي يتناسب مع كلاً من سوء الحالة المرضية أو إمكانية الوفاة. وإن سرعة وآلية عمل أول أكسيد الكربون جعلته يصنف بأنه غاز ضار والذي يمكن أن يتسبب بأضرار عكوسة أو غير عكوسة وخلال فترة زمنية قصيرة. ومن الصعب للغاية التمييز بين الموت الناتج عن التسمم بأول أكسيد الكربون وبين الوفاة العرضية بناءً على نتائج تشريح الجثة. ولذلك فقد أصبحت هذه الفجوة الآن مدخل لارتكاب العديد من الجرائم البشعة. وإن استخدام عينات دم ما بعد الوفاة للفحص يعتبر غير عملي في أكثر فحوص السمية وذلك نتيجة لحدوث التخمر والفساد في عينات الدم. وعليه يتم استخدام السائل الزجاجي في العين في علم السموم ما بعد الوفاة للتعرف على السمية المرتبطة بأول أكسيد الكربون. وإن المعضلة التي تواجهنا في تمييز الموت الناتج حقًا عن تسمم بأول أكسيد الكربون عن حالات الوفاة الغير واضحة هي أساس البحث في هذه الدراسة. تلقي هذه المراجعة نظرة فاحصة على المراجع المتعلقة بموضوع الدراسة بهدف رسم نقاط بارزة يمكن أن تكون ذات أهمية حاسمة في علوم الأدلة الجنائية. وتم عمل تحليل شامل تقريبًا، لاستعراض الصورة الكيميائية للسائل الزجاجي الناتجة عن التسمم بأول أكسيد الكربون الحاد استنادًا إلى وجهات النظر المختلفة الموجودة في المراجع ذات الأهمية.Carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication is the inhalation of CO concentration above the tolerant threshold of the body. The quantity of CO concentration inhaled determines the level of damage which is proportional to either morbidity or mortality. The euphoria and rapidity of the mechanism of action of CO ranked it as a deleterious gas that could cause reparable to irreparable damage within a short interval. Disguised CO intoxication death is quite difficult to differentiate from that of accidental acute CO intoxication using autopsy findings. This gap is now utilized in committing heinous crimes. Postmortem use of blood is not practicable in most toxicological investigations due to fermentation and putrefaction. This has led to the use of vitreous humor in postmortem analytical toxicology. The dilemma in discriminating death truly resulting from CO intoxication from that of disguised (postmortem) CO intoxication is the quest of this study. This review elaborately takes a critical look at the literature relating to the subject of discourse with the view of drawing salient points that could be of critical importance in forensic science. A thorough review of the picture of vitreous chemistry resulting from acute CO intoxication was almost exhaustively analyzed based on the various perspectives found in the literature and other documents of importance
Sodomy of Adolescent Males Presented to Pediatric Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic: A Case Series
No full textاعتادت الثقافة العربية التقليدية إنكار الإعلان عن الاعتداء الجنسي على الذكور باعتباره وصمة عار. فبدلاً من علاج ضحايا الاعتداءات الجنسية من الذكور، تم وصمهم بالشذوذ الجنسي.
علاوة على ذلك، فإن أولياء أمور الذين يتعرضون للاعتداء الجنسي يتأثرون سلبياً حيث يتعين عليهم الاختيار بين تقديم بلاغ إلى السلطة القانونية مع خطر وصم أطفالهم أو مراقبة أطفالهم باستمرار عن كثب. ومع ذلك فقد يتم الإبلاغ إلى مرافق الرعاية الصحية. في العيادة النفسية للمراهقين، خلف أبوابها المغلقة
ويكون الكشف عن التعرض للإيذاء الجنسي هو الخيار الأخير للحصول على حياة صحية لاحقا.Traditional Arab culture hides male sexual abuse and considers it a shame. Instead of treating male victims of sexual assault, they are often stigmatized as homosexual individuals.
Moreover, guardians of sexually abused boys are also negatively affected. They have to choose between reporting abuse to a legal authority with the risk of labeling their child or keeping a close eye on them to prevent further abuse. However, reporting abuse to healthcare authorities does take place.
Disclosing sexual abuse in the privacy of a psychiatric clinic is often the only way for victims to be successfully treated for the psychological effects of such abuse
DDOS Botnets Attacks Detection in Anomaly Traffic: A Comparative Study.
No full textOne of the major challenges that faces the acceptance and growth rate of business and governmental sites is a Botnet-based DDoS attack. A flooding DDoS strikes a victim machine by means of sending a vast amount of malicious traffic, causing a significant drop in the service quality (QoS) in IoT devices. Nonetheless, it is not that easy to detect and tackle flooding DDoS attacks, owing to the significant number of attacking machines, the usage of source-address spoofing, and the common areas shared between legitimate and malicious traffic. New kinds of attacks are identified daily, and some remain undiscovered, accordingly, this paper aims to improve the traffic classification algorithm of network traffic, that hackers use to try to be ambiguous or misleading. A recorded simulated traffic was used for both samples; normal and DDoS attack traffic, approximately 104.000 cases of each, where both datasets -which were created for this study- represent the input data in order to create a classification model, to be used as a tool to mitigate the risk of being attacked.
The next step is putting datasets in a format suitable for classification. This process is done through preprocessing techniques, to convert categorical data into numerical data. A classification process is applied to capture datasets, to create a classification model, by using five classification algorithms which are; Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, K-Neighbours and Random Forest. The core code used for classification is the python code, which is controlled by a user interface. The highest prediction, precision and accuracy are obtained using the Decision Tree and Random Forest classification algorithms, which also have the lowest processing time.One of the major challenges that faces the acceptance and growth rate of business and governmental sites is a Botnet-based DDoS attack. A flooding DDoS strikes a victim machine by means of sending a vast amount of malicious traffic, causing a significant drop in the service quality (QoS) in IoT devices. Nonetheless, it is not that easy to detect and tackle flooding DDoS attacks, owing to the significant number of attacking machines, the usage of source-address spoofing, and the common areas shared between legitimate and malicious traffic. New kinds of attacks are identified daily, and some remain undiscovered, accordingly, this paper aims to improve the traffic classification algorithm of network traffic, that hackers use to try to be ambiguous or misleading. A recorded simulated traffic was used for both samples; normal and DDoS attack traffic, approximately 104.000 cases of each, where both datasets -which were created for this study- represent the input data in order to create a classification model, to be used as a tool to mitigate the risk of being attacked.
The next step is putting datasets in a format suitable for classification. This process is done through preprocessing techniques, to convert categorical data into numerical data. A classification process is applied to capture datasets, to create a classification model, by using five classification algorithms which are; Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, K-Neighbours and Random Forest. The core code used for classification is the python code, which is controlled by a user interface. The highest prediction, precision and accuracy are obtained using the Decision Tree and Random Forest classification algorithms, which also have the lowest processing time
Analysis of Ketamine, a Rave Drug in Pakistan, using Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometer and Flame Ionization Detector: A Case Study
No full textKetamine is an arylcycloalkylamine, classified as cyclidine andchemically related to phencyclidine (PCP). Ketamine can be identifiedusing modified Scott’s Test and Alkaline Gold Bromide test.This case study involved the analysis of a Ketamine sample.The sample was analyzed qualitatively by chemical spot tests,FT-IR and GC-MS without derivatization. Furthermore, a developedand validated method was used for the quantitative analysisof Ketamine using Gas Chromatography with a Flame IonizationDetector (FID).The certified reference standard of Ketamine in the range of 10-100μg/mL was used for developing linear correlation with regressioncoefficient (R2 = 0.9997) for the method. The method producedpercentage of sample as 90.27%.The above mentioned techniques and methods provide comparablequalitative and quantitative analytical results helping lawenforcement agencies and the forensic community in screening andquantification of ketamine using GCMS coupled with FID
Lip Prints: A Statistical Study of Morphological Patterns to Determine Sex Differences among Brahmins and Yadavs of the Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh, India
No full textLike fingerprints, lip prints are considered distinctive to an individual.A lip print found at the crime scene can help reveal theidentity of the persons involved. The present study focuses on thedifferentiation of lip prints according to sex and studies the distributionof lip print patterns in various communities of the Bundelkhandregion of Uttar Pradesh, India.A total of 400 samples of lip prints were collected from malesand females of age group 18-24 years, belonging to Brahmins andYadavs from the Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh.The most prevalent was Type I lip print in Brahmin males andType II in Brahmin females, whereas Type III pattern was the mostcommon in Yadav males and females. When Lip patterns were statisticallyevaluated based on the sex differences in Brahmins, TypeII and I patterns may help in sex determination. Whereas, when thedata is compared between males and females of Yadavs, Type IIIlip print had high predominance in comparison to other patterns butmay not help in sex determination
The Role of Mutual Legal Assistance in Collecting Evidences in Cases Involving Money Smuggled out of Countries
No full textCertain natural and legal persons who engage in corrupt practices such as embezzlement and bribery take advantage of particular countries that have strong banking secrecy provisions by lodging their assets in foreign banks of those countries. This presents a particular challenge for asset recovery processes, with procedures subject to legal difficulties which thwart attempts of repatriation.This issue demands further exploration,something that this research intends to undertake.This paper will analyze the role of mutual legal assistance in the context of the United Nations treaties and the Council of Europe treaties, which contain provisions on Mutual Legal Assistance for obtaining evidence and for the freezing and confiscation of assets. In addition, this paper will address the role of Mutual Legal Assistance in the transfer of evidence on the Swiss law. One of the key conclusions of this paper is that the process of recovering assets is complicated from a legal perspective because it applies the law of jurisdiction of the State in which the assets are deposited. We therefore recommend that developments and reforms in foreign laws be carefully examined, with particular attention being paid to provisions for Mutual legal Assistance, as well as follow-up efforts by the United Nations and the Council of Europe for adopting treaties and initiatives to support cooperation among States in criminal matters
Phase Transfer Catalysis in the Aid of Fingerprint Development
No full textThis paper relates to the application of a novel spray formulationfor developing latent fingermarks on a wide range of crimescene evidences. The formulation is based on a xanthene dye, roseBengal, and a phase transfer catalyst, t-tetrabutylammonium iodide.It takes just 2-3 minutes to develop optimum on a broad spectrumof fingerprint evidences of non-porous, semi porous and poroussubstrates. It also detects fingerprints on items that are white andmulti-colored, and smooth and rough.In addition, it develops fingerprints on a variety of adhesivetapes, including duct tape, which is used by suicide bombers towrap explosives on their bodies.It also detects impressions on such items that have been exposedto water and high temperatures. The spray solution is preparedin water. The ingredients of the formulation are non-toxic,cheap and easily procurable
Comparative Study of Database Security In Cloud Computing Using AES and DES Encryption Algorithms
No full textSecurity is consider as one of the largest part important aspects in daily computing. The security is important in cloud computing especially for data save in cloud because it have sensitivity and import data as well many user can access to same data. Unfortunately the increase of the cloud user has been accompanied with a increase in malicious action in the cloud and data not be completely trustworthy. Because of that the cloud computing security become big issue in the cloud data. The danger of malicious in the cloud and the crash of cloud services have received a strong interest by researchers. Here, we present a comparative study between state-of-art approaches to overcome these issues. This paper test and compare between the Data Encryption Standard (DES) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in term of different input size that result the AES is faster than DES in the encryption time but in decryption the DES faster than AES from 20KB to 100 KB after that the DES rise sharply and AES rise slightly that make ASE faster than DES in the decryption time from 120 KB to 300KB.
Security is consider as one of the largest part important aspects in daily computing. The security is important in cloudcomputing especially for data save in cloud because it have sensitivity and import data as well many user can access to samedata. Unfortunately the increase of the cloud user has been accompanied with a increase in malicious action in the cloud anddata not be completely trustworthy. Because of that the cloud computing security become big issue in the cloud data. Thedanger of malicious in the cloud and the crash of cloud services have received a strong interest by researchers. Here, wepresent a comparative study between state-of-art approaches to overcome these issues. This paper test and compare betweenthe Data Encryption Standard (DES) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in term of different input size that result theAES is faster than DES in the encryption time but in decryption the DES faster than AES from 20KB to 100 KB after thatthe DES rise sharply and AES rise slightly that make ASE faster than DES in the decryption time from 120 KB to 300KB