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    Cross-channel consumption behavior of clothing product - A cross-category analysis -

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    With the expansion of various distribution channels in online and offline stores, TV, and mobile, consumers now have more information search and retail selection channels to choose from than ever before. Major retailers now use multi- and omni-channel strategies. This study focused on cross-channel consumption, which involves the use of different information search and purchase channels. Using cross- channel consumption, consumers can search for information online and then make purchases offline and vice versa. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between channel strategies and other consumer variables, and the study also assessed the effect of product type. To conduct this empirical study, the researchers developed a consumer questionnaire concerning three consumer channel strategies-on-on, cross, and off-off-and four product categories-clothing, cosmetics, books, and electronics. The results indicated that gender and marital status did not influence consumer channel strategies, but that age did have a significant influence. The analysis showed that consumers in their 40s preferred the cross channel strategy, perceiving it to be effective, satisfactory, and rewarding. Compared to other products, clothing products showed higher levels of cross channel strategies. Consumers indicated that they prefer searching for information online and then purchasing clothing offline. Overall, clothing products generated higher levels of channel satisfaction and channel switch intentions. Cross-channel clothing shoppers reported effective information retrieval times but longer delivery times

    Does multiculturalism work? The effect of immigrant integration policies on immigrant youth’s academic performance

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    ��� ��������� ������������������ ������ ��������� ��������������� ������������ ������������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������ ��������� ������������������ ��������������� ��������� ��������� ���������. ������ ������ ‘��������������������� ������’(MIPEX)��� 2010��� ��������� ‘������·������ ��������� ������������ ������������ ������’(TIMSS)��� 2015��� ��������� ������������ 29������ 147,590��� ��������� ������ ��������� ���������������. ��������� ������ ��������� ��������� Ruud Koopmans��� ��������� ��������� ������������ ���������������. ��������������� ���������, ������������ ������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������ ������������ ������ ������ ������������ ��������������� ��������� ������ ��������������� ��������� ������ ��������� ������������. ������, ��������� ������������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������ ������������ ������ ��������� ���������������. ������������ ������ ��������� ��������� ������ ������������ ������������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������ ������������ ‘��������� ���������������’ ��������� ������������ ������������ ��������� ��������� ��������������� ������������ ��������� ���������. This study examines the effect of policy arrangements on immigrant youth’s integration into the education system. Expanding the bi-dimensional model of immigrant integration outlined by Ruud Koopmans, we hypothesize that the performance gap for immigrant youth is smaller in countries that have institutionalized stronger polities toward “balanced multiculturalism.” The Trend in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2015 data, combined with the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) 2010, were used to examine this hypothesis. As a result, the academic performance of 147,590 fourth-grade students in 29 countries was analyzed. The findings appeared to support the hypothesis, suggesting that an egalitarian distribution of civic rights, if combined with a moderate endorsement of group-based cultual rights, may effectively facilitate immigrant integration.��� ��������� 2017������ ������(���������)��� ������������ ��������������������� ��������� ������ ��������� (NRF-2017S1A3A2065967)

    The Impact of Entrepreneurship, Enterprise Capability and Experience of Software Start- ups in the Fourth Industrial Revolution Era on Performance: Focusing on the Resource-Based Theory

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    ��������� ��������� ������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������������� ������������ ������. ������������ ��������� ������������������ ��������� ��������������� ������������������. ��������� ������ ��������� ������������ ��������� ������������ ��������� ������������ ������ ������ ��������� ��������������� ������ ��������� ������������ ������. ���4��� ��������� ��������� ������ ������, ��������� ��������� ������ ������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ���������, ���������, ������ ��������������� ��������� ������������ ������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ���������. ��������� ��������� ������������ ������ ������ ��������� ��������������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ������ ������������������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ��������� ���������, ��������� ������������ ��������� ������ ��� ��������� ������ ������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ��� ������ ������ ������ ������ ��� ��������� ��������� ������ ������. ������ ��������� ������ ��������� ������������ ������ ������������ ������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ������. ��������� ������������ ������������ ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ������ ��������� ��������� ���������������, ������������, ������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ������ ���������������. ��������� ��������� ������������������ ��������������� ������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ������ ��������� ��� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������������� ���������������. ������ ��������� ������ ��������� ������ ���, ��������� ������ ��� ������ ��������� ������ ������������ ������������ ������ ��������� ������������ ������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ������ ��������� ������ ��������� ������ ��������� ��������������� ������ ������������. The great paradigm of the economy is changing according to the change of the age and developments of the times. From past of a productive paradigm to recently a future-oriented paradigm. The development of mechanisms for economic growth based on the past created by the harmony of core capital and labor force is emerging. Beyond the convergence of information and knowledge with the wave of the 4th industry, all information and technology have converged to become a present and future oriented point that enables convergence of digital, bio, and physical systems. In this realistic situation, the growth of venture companies such as individuals and small entrepreneurs in economic and industrial areas in the country, it is becoming an important core industry and technical policy that can promote national development such as job creation and economic circulation in terms of enterprise. In recent years, domestic entrepreneurship trends have been rising, and the speed and size of entrepreneurial enterprises have been increasing. From this point of view, we will empirically analyze the increasing number of start-up companies, we examined the effects of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship, and the experience of transferring entrepreneurship on entrepreneurship performance. As a result of the study, it is confirmed that there is a difference in the degree of entrepreneurship, enterprise capability and experience which are corporate resources in terms of resource-based theory, depending on each characteristic. It is found that the competence of the entrepreneur possessed by the entrepreneur has a high influence on the partnership and cooperation performance. This suggests that the competency of the entrepreneurs is the most important factor in corporate performance

    A Search for Ex Ante Management Tools for the Risks of Terrorism and Severe Accident in Nuclear Facilities — Is the NEPA’s Environmental Impact Statement a Suitable Candidate? —

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    2011��� 3��� ��������� ������������ ������������������ ������ ������ ������������������ ��������������� ������ ��������� ������ ���������������. ��������������� ��������������������� ��������������� ������������ ������������ ��������������� ��������� ��������� ������������ ��������� ���������. ��������������� ������·������·������·������·��������������� ��� ������������������ ��������� ��������� ������, ������, ���������������, ��������� ������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ��������� ��� ������. ��������������� ������������ ��������� ������ ������ ��������� ��� ��������������� ������������������ ������������ ��� ������ ������������ ��������������� ������ ��������� ������, ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������. ��������� ������������������ ������ ��������� ��������������� ��������� ��������� ��� ��������� ��������������� ������������ ��������� ������������ ������. ��� ������������ ��������������� ������ ��������� ������ ��� ������ ��������� ������������ ������������ ��������� ��������� ������ ‘������ ���������’��� ������������ ������ ��������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������� ������������ ������ ������������. ��������� ������ ������ ��������������� ������������������ ������ ������ ��� ������������ ������������ ��������������������������� ��������������������������� ��������� ��������������� ������ ��������� ������������ ������ ��������������� ������������ ��������� ���������. ��������������� ��������� ��� ������ ��������� ��������� ��������������������� ��������������������������� ��� ��������������������������� ������ ������ ������ ������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ������������. ������, ������������������������ ������ ������������������ ������ ��������� ������ ��� ��������� ������ ��������� ������������������ ��������� ��������� ��������������� ������ ��������������������� ������������ ������ ���������, ������, ��������������������������� ��������������� ������������ ������������ ������������������������ ������ ������������ ���������, ������, ��������������� ������ ��������������������� ������������������ ��������������� ������������ ��� ��������� ��������� ��������������� ������ ��������������������� ������������ ������ ���������, ������, ��������������� ��������������� ������ ������������������������ ��������������������������� ������������ ������ ������������������, ��� ��������� ��� ������������ ������������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ���������. ��������� ��������� ��������� ������. ������ ������ ��������������������� ������������������������������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������ ��������� ������������, ������������������������������ ������ ��������������������� ��� ��� ������������ ������ ��������� ������������ ��������� ������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ������ ������, ��������������� ������ ������ ������������ ��������������� ������ ������������ ������������������������ ������������ ������ ��������� ������ ������������ ���������������. ��������������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ������ ��� ������ ��������� ������ ��������� ������ ��������� ������ ��������������� ������ ��������� ������ ������������������. Since the Fukushima accident in March 2011, the regulatory interests in severe accidents in nuclear facilities have been greatly increased. Severe accidents are those in which substantial damage is done to the reactor core beyond the design basis. These can occur from causes such as natural disasters including earthquakes, tornadoes, floods, but also artificial events, namely, aircraft crashes, explosions, cyber attacks and terrorism. Korea, which has recently adopted various legal tools to manage severe accidents, is in need to search for better tools to manage the risks of severe accident and terrorism in nuclear facilities. However, there is an interesting phenomenon at home and abroad in this regard: this search goes beyond the discussions of improving and strengthening safety and security regulations within the framework of the nuclear law and has formed a discourse of “environmental risk” under the environmental law. Given this background, this article examined the suitability of the environmental impact assessment(EIA) as an ex ante management tool for the risks of terrorism and severe accident in nuclear facilities under the U.S. law. Specifically, the following four questions were addressed by reviewing several U.S. case laws on the U.S. Atomic Energy Act of 1954(AEA), the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969(NEPA) and the Environmental Impact Statements(EIS). First, if the safety and physical protection regulations are adequately implemented on nuclear facilities under the AEA, would the NEPA’s review be unnecessary? Secondly, is the EIS meaningful as an ex ante management tool for the risks of terrorism or severe accidents? Third, would the consideration of severe accidents in the EIS make that of terrorism, which is only one of many causes of severe accident, unnecessary? And finally, if the EIS can be justified as a meaningful tool, what more are necessary to make it more useful? Accordingly, this article is organized as follows. In Part II, it briefly described overviews of the AEA and the NEPA, and discussed how US courts have interpreted the NEPA's causality requirement to determine effects that should or should not be considered in the EIS. In Parts III and IV, it examined how courts have dealt with the issues of considering the severe accident and terrorism under the NEPA, respectively. Finally in Part V, it reviewed the above-mentioned four issues and proposed agenda for the subsequent study.��� ��������� 2016��� ������������ ������������ ��������������������� ��������� ������ ��������� ���������(NRF-2016S1A5A8019780)

    Polymer hydrogels and their applications toward sorptive removal of potential aqueous pollutants

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    Environmental pollution is a global concern due to the rapidly increasing population and industrialization. In this context, there is a strong need to develop green separation techniques to isolate pollutants from different sources. Polymer assemblies or hydrogel polymers are water-swollen and crosslinked polymeric materials capable of retaining large amounts of water in their 3D networks. Hydrogels function as excellent adsorbents in pollutant removal processes by binding heavy metal ions and/or organic compounds due to the presence of various functional groups in their polymeric networks (e.g., amide, amine, and carboxylic acid). Hydrogels have the benefits of simplicity, high adsorption, and easy recovery compared to other adsorbent materials that involve activated carbon, zeolites, silica gel, biomass, and inorganic mineral. For these reasons, hydrogels have received increased interest for environmental remediation applications over the past few decades. The objective of this review is to describe the issues related to the preparation of different hydrogels, their characterization process, their adsorption characteristics for various pollutants, and the technical viability of some applications.This research acknowledges the support made by the R&D Center for Green Patrol Technologies through the R&D for Global Top Environmental Technologies funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) as well as by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (Grant No: 2016R1E1A1A01940995). This work was also supported by "Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ014297)" Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. One of the authors Sandeep Kumar thanks DST, Govt. of India, for DST-PURSE sanctioned to GJUS&T, Hisar under the PURSE program No. SR/PURSE Phase 2/40(G)

    Advanced functional structure-based sensing and imaging strategies for cancer detection: possibilities, opportunities, challenges, and prospects

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    Cancer is the second most common cause of death in the world. The principal limitations thus far encountered in the clinical practice of probing cancer are diverse and include low sensitivity, time consumption, bulkiness, and cost. In this respect, nanomaterial (NM)-based sensing techniques are recognized as a superior alternative to efficiently resolve such limitations. A better understanding of NM-based sensing platforms is thus important so that these novel avenues can easily be explored for clinical applications. These platforms have the merits of high sensitivity, high specificity, rapid response, and easy-to-read signals. This review offers a comprehensive survey of NM-based advanced cancer-sensing techniques and will help the scientific community establish optimum sensing strategies based on an accurate assessment of the interactions between cancer biomarkers and NM-based platforms.This research acknowledges the support made by the R&D Center for Green Patrol Technologies through the R&D for Global Top Environmental Technologies funded by the Ministry of Environment (Grant No.: 2018001850001) as well as by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (Grant No.: 2016R1E1A1A01940995). V.K. acknowledges support from the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India in the form of an INSPIRE Faculty Award. D.K. acknowledges the support received from SERB, Government of India under the young scientist scheme (No. YSS/2015/000212)

    Periodontal regenerative therapy in endo-periodontal lesions: a retrospective study over 5 years

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    Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiographic changes and the survival rate after periodontal surgery using deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) with 10% collagen or DBBM with a collagen membrane in endo-periodontal lesions. Method: A total of 52 cases (41 patients) with at least 5 years of follow-up were included in this study. After scaling and root planing with or without endodontic treatment, periodontal regenerative procedures with DBBM with 10% collagen alone or DBBM with a collagen membrane were performed, yielding the DBBM + 10% collagen and DBBM + collagen membrane groups, respectively. Changes in clinical parameters including the plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, gingival recession, relative clinical attachment level, mobility, and radiographic bone gains were evaluated immediately before periodontal surgical procedures and at a 12-month follow-up. Results: At the 12-month follow-up after regenerative procedures, improvements in clinical parameters and radiographic bone gains were observed in both treatment groups. The DBBM + 10% collagen group showed greater probing pocket depth reduction (4.52 +/- 1.06 mm) than the DRAM + collagen membrane group (4.04 +/- 0.82 mm). However, there were no significant differences between the groups. Additionally, the radiographic bone gain in the DBBM + 10% collagen group (5.15 +/- 1.54 mm) was comparable to that of the DBBM + collagen membrane group (5.35 +/- 1.84 mm). The 5-year survival rate of the teeth with endo-periodontal lesions after periodontal regenerative procedures was 92.31%. Conclusions: This study showed that regenerative procedures using DBBM with 10% collagen alone improved the clinical attachment level and radiographic bone level in endoperiodontal lesions. Successful maintenance of the results after regenerative procedures in endo-periodontal lesions can be obtained by repeated oral hygiene education within strict supportive periodontal treatment

    Highly flexible memristive devices based on MoS2 quantum dots sandwiched between PMSSQ layers

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    This paper reports a facile, cost effective method that uses an aqueous hydrothermal process for synthesizing two-dimensional molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) monolayer quantum dots (QDs) and their potential applications in flexible memristive devices. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images confirmed that the diameters of the synthesized MoS2 QDs with irregular shapes were in the range between 3 and 6 nm; their thicknesses were confirmed to lie between 1.0 and 0.8 nm, a clear indication that a monolayer of MoS2 QDs had been synthesized. Photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL spectra of the MoS2 QDs revealed a strong emission in the blue region with a slower decay constant. Memristive devices fabricated by incorporating MoS2 QDs between poly(methylsilsesquioxane) ultrathin layers, which had been deposited on poly(ethylene terephthalate), demonstrated a high ON-OFF current ratio of approximate to 10(4), stable retention, and excellent endurance in the relaxed state; these devices were also demonstrated to function properly during bending and in a bent state. The flexible memristive devices demonstrated an OFF state with a very low current of 10(-6) A. These results clearly show that ultrathin two-dimensional QDs have promising applications in high-performance flexible memristive devices.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1605244) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFB0401305). This research was also supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2016R1A2A1A05005502)

    Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of 1-Hydroxycarbazoles Under Aerobic Conditions

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    A palladium-catalyzed aerobic C-H amidation of N-Ts-2-amino-3 '-hydroxylbiaryls has been developed to afford a diverse range of 1-hydroxycarbazoles with high regioselectivity and efficiency. This protocol benefits from operational simplicity, robustness, and sustainability with the use of ambient air as the sole terminal oxidant. Further elaboration of the products obtained from this process provides facile access to various carbazole alkaloids including carbazolequinones and biscarbazoles. A mechanism involving dual directing group-assisted regioselective C-H activation at the more sterically hindered C2 '-position of 2-amino-3 '-hydroxylbiaryls is proposed.This work was supported by both Basic Science Research Program and Nano.Material Technology Department Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (Nos. 2012M3A7B4049644, 2014-011165, 2015R1A2A2A01002559, and 2018R1A2A2A05018392)

    Combination of Whole Grapeseed Flour and Newly Isolated Kefir Lactic Acid Bacteria Reduces High-Fat-Induced Hepatic Steatosis

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    Scope This study aims to determine the separate and combined effect of a prebiotic (catechin-rich wine grapeseed flour, GSF) and a probiotic (newly isolated kefir lactic acid bacteria, LAB) on hepatic steatosis of obese mice. Methods and results High-fat (HF)-induced obese mice are fed a HF diet containing 6% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, control), 10% GSF, orally administrated LAB, or a combination of GSF and LAB for 9 weeks. There is a significant reduction of body weight gain and liver weights, plasma insulin concentrations, and HOMA-IR in all experimental groups compared to control. Total lipid content, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations of the liver are also significantly lowered. The combination of GSF and LAB further significantly affects cecum propionate content, plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST/GOT), and zonulin concentrations, which is significantly correlated with hepatic lipid content. Analysis of hepatic microarray data reveals that genes related to lipid synthesis, bile acid and cholesterol synthesis, antioxidant activities, oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver function are significantly modulated following the combination of GSF and LAB. Conclusion These data suggest that amelioration of HF-induced hepatic steatosis after consumption of GSF and LAB is partially mediated via alteration of cecum propionate and intestinal permeability, which modulates hepatic gene expression.J.-H.K. and H.G.L. contributed equally to this work. This study was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (No. 2018R1A2B6001097)

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