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Soft grasping mechanisms composed of shape memory polymer based self-bending units
No full textRecent advances in four-dimensional (4D) printing technology have developed various approaches for creating shape-morphing structures and devices. However, it is impractical as a universal method to fabricate directly available shape-morphing structures in any desired shapes. These 4D printed shape-morphing structures are either limited in structures with flat architectures or needed for the subsequent tedious thermo-mechanical programming process. To overcome these limitations, this work, as an example, demonstrates a versatile fabrication method for constructing soft grasping mechanisms with different architectures via mechanically assembling the basic self-bending units made of polymer-paper bilayer composite. The bilayer is fabricated in a single printing process by three-dimensional printing polymer fibers in parallel and layer-by-layer on the paper substrate. All the basic units are cut out in strip shape from the same piece of bilayer along the direction of the printed fiber being able to generate bending deformation in the direction transverse to the printed fibers upon heating. The obtained units are then mechanically assembled using pre-fabricated hard components for constructing three grasping mechanisms with different architectures. Upon heating, each unit generating the bending deformation endows the assembled structure with a desired integral shape-transition for the function of grasping. This method to the mechanical assembly of self-bending units provides new routes to the design of polymer-based shape-morphing structures.This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (NRF-2018R1A2A1A13078704), the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (No. NRF-2016R1A5A1938472), and the SNU-Hojeon Garment Smart Factory Research Center funded by Hojeon Ltd, South Korea
The mediating role of visual merchandising consciousness in offline apparel retailing
No full textRetail firms have begun to pursue the marketing strategies, which stimulate consumers’ sensibility and lead people to purchase their products. The visible effects of visual merchandising (VM) arouse consumers’ interest and play an effective role in having busy people efficiently choose products. Apparel retail stores such as SPA use the offline store to be the experiential environment of their branding. Consumers’ sensitivity and response toward various visual merchandising strategies needs to be accessed. The purpose of this study is to identify VM consciousness and VM evaluation attribute factors. Relationship of such variables with other variables were accessed. As consequence variables, product satisfaction and unplanned purchase behavior were included in the study. An empirical survey data was collected from men and women of various ages. Results indicated that VM consciousness and VM evaluation attribute factors were not correlated with consumer demographic variables. VM evaluation attributes were factored into appropriateness, attractiveness and functionality dimensions. Clothing involvement and brand orientation significantly influenced product satisfaction and unplanned purchase. The direct and indirect effect (via VM consciousness) were significant. For unplanned purchase, brand orientation only had indirect effect. The influence of VM evaluation attribute factors were significant. Appropriateness had stronger effect on product satisfaction whereas attractiveness had stronger effect on unplanned behavior. Functionality dimension had only indirect effect on product satisfaction but did not show significant direct and indirect effects on unplanned purchase. This study identified the pivotal role of VM consciousness in various shopping and purchasing circumstances in offline retail store of apparel brands
Rekonzipierung des Privatheitsschutzes in der digitalen Gesellschaft
No full text‘사적인 것’은 주로 ‘공적인 것’과 대립관계에 기초하여 이해되었다. 독일의 기본권해석론상 사생활보호는 먼저 인간의 존엄성 보장(독일기본법 제1조 제1항)과 이른바 “영역이론”에 따라, 나중에는 일반적 인격권(독일기본법 제2조 제1항 및 제1조 제1항)에 기초한 “자기결정”에 따라 이루어졌다. 생활환경의 디지털화로 촉발된 사생활보호의 위기는 대립적 관계에 기초한 ‘사적인 것’의 이해와 자기결정의 한계에서 기인한다. 개인은 자기결정에 기초한 수많은 정보보호조치들에도 불구하고 제한행위에 대한 인지가능성의 결여로 효과적인 사생활보호를 향유하지 못하고 있다. 오히려 기술적 접근가능성의 확대로 자기결정은 타자결정으로 대체되고 있다. 대립적 관계에 기초한 ‘사적인 것’의 이해는 생활환경의 디지털화로 확대되고 있는 중첩영역에 대한 명확한 기준을 제시하지 못하고 있다.
사회학적 논의에 토대를 둔 기본권의 사회적 이해는 개인의 자유를 사회적 제도 안에서 비로소 추구될 수 있는 대상으로 간주한다. 자유는 개인에게 부여된 것이 아니라, 사회 내에서 타인과 상호승인의 관계를 형성할 때 추구될 수 있다. 개인의 자기결정 또한 사회적 상호작용과정의 산물에 해당한다. 사생활은 상호적 승인의 과정에서 형성되는 사회적 현실로 이해된다. 타인의 존재와 협력을 상정하기 때문에 사생활은 ‘관계’에 기초하여 형성된다. 개인은 타인을 사적 관계에 수용할 것인지 여부를 스스로 결정할 권한을 가진다. 자기결정의 행사와 함께 사생활의 내용과 제한이 결정된다. 이 점에서 사생활은 주어진 것이 아니라 형성을 필요로 하는 사회적 현실이다. 사생활의 법적 보호의 필요성은 자기결정의 행사에 놓인 ‘신뢰’에서 도출될 수 있다. 상호승인에 도달하는 과정에서 표현된 양측의 ‘기대’가 확실한 수준에 이르렀을 때 결정권자는 타인을 사적 관계에 수용한다. 다만 보호되는 신뢰는 특정사실에 근거하여 외부에서 인식할 수 있는 정당한 신뢰기대에 한정된다. 신뢰는 기대의 근거가 되는 경계가 법에 의하여 설정되고 보호될 때 정당한 신뢰기대가 된다. 사생활의 법적 보호는 사적 관계의 경계를 설정하고, 접근조건을 통하여 한계를 설정하며, 배제된 제3자로부터 사적 관계를 보호하는 데 초점을 맞춘다.
개인적 차원의 사생활은 집단적 차원에도 동일하게 유지된다. 수많은 개인들은 공동의 사적 영역을 공유함으로써 집단적 사생활을 형성한다. 집단의 구성원들은 외부인을 집단에 수용할 것인지 여부뿐만 아니라 집단의 목적과 수단도 결정한다. 그 결과 사회조직은 다양하게 분화되며, 사회는 이처럼 조직된 사회로 구성된다. 집단적 사생활에 기초한 자유로운 사회조직은 사회적 다원성에 토대를 제공한다. 물론 집단적 사생활의 경우에도 사회조직은 그로부터 배제된 제3자와 관계에서 형성될 것을 요구한다. Das Private ist grundsätzlich in der Dichotomie mit dem Öffentlichen erfasst worden. In der deutschen Grundrechtstheorie ist die Privatheit oder -sphären tendenziell geschutzt worden. Anfänglich mit der Menschenwurdegarantie (Art. 1 I GG) sowie sog. »Sphärentheorie«, später mit der dem allgemeinen Persönlichkeitsrecht (Art. 2 I i.V.m. Art. 1 I GG) zugrundeliegenden »Selbstbestimmung«. Dieses Konzept ist aber bereits uberholt.
Ein alternatives Konzept beginnt mit dem sozialen Freiheitsverständnis. Danach lasse sich die Freiheit erst in oder mit den sozialen Institutionen verwirklichen. Frei sei das Subjekt allein dann, wenn es im Rahmen institutioneller Praktiken auf ein Gegenuber trifft. Ein Verhältnis wechselseitiger Anerkennung entsthent dadurch. Ein Subjekt könne eine Verwirklichungsmöglichkeit seiner eigenen Ziele in den Zielen anderer erblicken. Vorausgesetzt werden die Anwesenheit und Mitwirkung Dritter. Die Privatheit sei als »soziale Praktik« zu erfassen. Ihr Inhalt und Eingriff lasse sich dann bestimmen, wenn Inklusion oder Exklusion in die privaten Beziehungen durch die Selbstbestimmung wahrgenommen werden. Daher ist Privatheit nicht vorgegeben, sondern erfordert eine Gestaltung. Die Schutzwurdigkeit findet sich im »Vertrauen«, die seinerseits hinter der Ausubung der Selbstbestimmung steht.
Geschutzt ist eine Vertrauenserwartung, die aufgrund bestimmter Tatsachen nach außen erkennbar sowie berechtigt ist. Rechtlich relevant wird Vertrauen erst, wenn es - aufgrund anderer rechtlicher Wertungen schutzwurdig ist. Beim rechtlichen Schutz handelt es sich schließlich um Grenzziehung der privaten Beziehung von Dritter, Zugangseinschränkung durch Zugangsbedingungen und Schutz vor den exkludierten Drittern.이 연구는 2016년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임 (NRF-2016S1A6A7932134
Eine rechtsvergleichende Studie uber den Mieterschutz bei der Mieterhöhung des Mietverhältnisses uber Wohnraum im Rahmen des jungsten deutschen Mietrechtsanpassungsgesetzes
No full text주택임대차관계에 있어 차임의 인상은 임차인에게는 작지 않은 부담으로 작용될 것이므로 차임의 인상에 대한 합리적 규제는 차임보호라는 관점에서 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 독일에서는 2019년 주택임대차관계에 있어서 차임과 관련된 개정법(Mietrechtsanpassungsgesetz)이 새롭게 시행되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 주택임차인 보호와 관련하여 중요한 의미를 가진 차임인상으로부터의 임차인 보호의 관점에서 독일에서의 최근 개정법의 주요 내용 및 의미를 살펴봄으로써 우리에게 주는 비교법적 시사점과 개선방안을 찾아보고자 하였다.
독일에서 2019년부터 시행되는 주택임대차 개정법의 주된 내용은 무엇보다 크게 두 가지로 요약할 수 있다. 첫째로는 현행 차임 규제(Mietpreisbremse) 규정의 실효성 강화의 관점에서 주택임대차 계약시 요구되는 이전 차임(Vormiete)의 정보에 대하여 임대인의 고지의무(Auskunftspflichten)를 통한 투명성 제고를 모색하였다는 점이고, 둘째로는 임대인으로부터의 주택 개량조치(Modernisierungsmaßnahme)를 이유로 하는 차임인상 요구에 따른 부담으로부터 임차인이 부담을 감소시켜 그가 더욱 보호받을 수 있도록 법적 장치를 보완하였다는 점이다. 개정법은 주택임차인의 임차권 강화의 관점에서, 특히 차임의 규제와 관련하여 기존의 주택임대차관계에 대한 법규범의 실효를 높이고 보완하고자 마련된 입법의 결과라 보여진다.
우리나라 역시 차임보호, 존속보호와 관련하여 전월세 상한제 도입과 관련된 논의가 계속되고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 논의에 있어 차임 인상의 합리적 규제와 관련된 독일의 규정은 우리에게 시사하는 바가 작지 않다고 보이므로 비교법적으로 지속적인 관련 연구의 필요성이 크다고 생각된다. Da eine Mieterhöhung beim Wohnraummietverältnis eine große Belastung fur den Mieter darstellen wurde, ist es im Hinblick auf den Mieterschutz von Bedeutung, aufgrund der chronischen bezahlbaren Wohnungsnot einen kontinuierlichen Anstieg der Miete vernunftigerweise zu kontrollieren. In Deutschland ist das Mietrechtsanpassungsgesetz ab 1. Januar 2019 bereits in Kraft gegreten, das hauptsächlich um die Begrenzung zur Mieterhöhung(z.B. Mietpreisbremse) geht. Daher wurde in dieser Arbeit untersucht, wie das neue Mietrechtsanpassungsgesetz auf dem deutschen Wohnungsmietmarkt aus Sicht des Mieterschutzes eine wichtige Rolle spielen wurde und welche Verbesserungen nach Korea gebracht werden könnten.
Dieses Gesetz sollte dazu dienen, die Mieterhöhung zu begrenzen: Zum einen wird die im Jahr 2015 in das deutsche BGB neuerlich eingefuhrte Mietpreisbremse bei Neuabschluss vom Mietvertrag verschärft. Zum anderen sollte der Mieter beim Wohnraummietverältnis vor zu hohen Mietbelastungen durch die Modernisierungsmaßnahmen, insbesondere vor einem sog. Hinausmoderniseren geschutzt werden. Das Gesetz scheint das Ergebnis einer Gesetzgebung zu sein, die darauf abzielt, die Wirksamkeit des bestehenden Regelungen uber die Begrenzung zum Mietanstieg zu verbessern.
Bei uns in Korea gibt es auch eine anhaltende Diskussion uber die Einfuhrung des Rechtssystems fur die Obergrenzung zur Miete bzw. Kaution beim Wohnraummietverältnis. In einer solchen Diskussion sollte die kontinuierlicher Forschung uber die deutschen Vorschriften des Mietrechts hinsichtlich der Rechtsvergleichung von Bedeutung sein, da sie uns sinnvolle gesetzgeberische Vorschläge geben könnten
Bi-additive s-functional inequalities and quasi-multipliers on Banach algebra
No full textIn this paper, we solve the following bi-additive s-functional inequalities:
parallel to f( x + y, z - w ) + f( x - y, z + w ) - 2f( x, z )+2f ( y, w )parallel to <= parallel to s(2f(x+y/2, z-w) + 2f (x-y/2, z+w) - 2f(x, z) + 2f(y, w))parallel to,
parallel to 2f(x+y/2, z-w)+2f(x-y/2, z+w)-2f(x, z)+2f(y, w)parallel to <= parallel to s(f(x+y, z-w)+f(x-y, z+w)-2f(x, z)+2f(y, w))parallel to,
where s is a fixed nonzero complex number with vertical bar s vertical bar < 1. We also prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of quasi-multipliers on Banach algebras and unital C*-algebras associated with the bi-additive s-functional inequalities above.The first author was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, grant No. NRF-2017R1D1A1B04032937. The second author was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant No. 11761074
Characteristics of inappropriate multiple medication use in older urological outpatients
No full textObjectives: To investigate polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in elderly patients visiting the urology department for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed digital medical records of individuals over the age of 65 who visited the urology department for LUTS. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 hospitals located in South Korea, between September 2017 and December 2017. All prescribed medications were analyzed using electronic medical records. The updated 2015 Beers criteria were used to identify and assess the appropriateness of the prescribed drugs in elderly patients.
Results: We analyzed a total of 2143 patients aged over 65 years from 10 institutions. The mean age was 74.2 +/- 6.26 years (65-97), 1634 (76.2%) were men. Patients took a mean of 6.48 +/- 2.46 medications (range 0-18), and polypharmacy was found in 1762 patients (82.2%). The number of patients who received PIMs at least once was 1579 (73.7%). The average number of PIMs used per patient was 1.31 +/- 1.25 (0-7). PIM use ratio was 18.9 +/- 0.15% (0-67%). The number of chronic diseases, and concurrent medication and polypharmacy were predictive factors associated with PIM use.
Conclusion: Our multi-institutional results show that a substantial proportion of elderly patients took PIMs when visiting the urology department. Factors associated with PIMs were the number of chronic diseases and polypharmacy. Medication use in elderly patients, especially in urology, should be monitored carefully
ZnO composite nanolayer with mobility edge quantization for multi-value logic transistors
No full textA quantum confined transport based on a zinc oxide composite nanolayer that has conducting states with mobility edge quantization is proposed and was applied to develop multi-value logic transistors with stable intermediate states. A composite nanolayer with zinc oxide quantum dots embedded in amorphous zinc oxide domains generated quantized conducting states at the mobility edge, which we refer to as "mobility edge quantization". The unique quantized conducting state effectively restricted the occupied number of carriers due to its low density of states, which enable current saturation. Multi-value logic transistors were realized by applying a hybrid superlattice consisting of zinc oxide composite nano-layers and organic barriers as channels in the transistor. The superlattice channels produced multiple states due to current saturation of the quantized conducting state in the composite nano-layers. Our multi-value transistors exhibited excellent performance characteristics, stable and reliable operation with no current fluctuation, and adjustable multi-level states.This work was supported by the Creative Materials Discovery Program (2015M3D1A1068061). Authors also acknowledge the financial support from NRF (2017R1A2A1A17069769, 2017R1A5A1014862 and 2016R1A5A1012966)
An Experimental Study on the Tensile Strength of Early-age Concrete Containing Macro-Synthetic Fiber
No full text본 연구에서는 매크로 합성 섬유가 혼입된 콘크리트의 인장강도를 산정함에 있어 간접시험법인 쪼갬인장강도 시험, 3점 가력 휨인장강도 시험, 4점 가력 휨인장강도 시험을 통해 시험 방법별 섬유보강 콘크리트의 인장강도를 산정하고 상호비교를 통해 압축강도와의 상관관계를 도출하였다. In this study, the tensile strength of concrete containing macro-synthetic fiber was determined by the splitting tensile strength test, 3-point flexural tensile strength test, and 4-point flexural tensile strength test by the indirect test method. The strengths were calculated and correlations were made with compressive strength
A Study on the Historical, Cultural, and Art Historical Topography of Central Asian Plays Performed at the Korea Theater - Focusing on the Acceptance and Transformation Aspects of the Times through Acculturation and Compromise -
No full textMost of the researches on the Korea Theater up to now were focused on which plays in “Korean language” were performed at the Korea Theater from the perspective of Korean literature. Although the preservation of our language and traditional arts were important responsibilities of the Korean artists, the Korea Theater amidst the Soviet regime and the independent Republic of Kazakhstan has been advocating evolution through painstakingly choosing artworks that can raise its artistic status while being responsive to government policies. Accordingly, performance of plays based on original Korean play script was one of the important activities of the Korea Theater, however the leaders of the theater did not pressure the playwrights to write plays only in Korean. Even though translating plays in other languages and putting them on stage was another important mission, whether plays were suitable to be in the theater’s program was their most important task.
With such awareness, this study takes a closer look at the following perspectives among the plays performed on stages in Central Asia: The cultivation of multicultural spirit through traditional plays created by Kazakhstan’s representative playwrights Gabit Musrepov and Mukhtar Auezov; cultivation of revolutionary spirit and women’s enlightenment through socialistic realism-oriented performances created by Uzbekistan’s representative playwright Hamza Hakimzoda Niyazi; and the formation of spiritual consensus through humanism-oriented performances created by Kyrgyzstan’s representative playwright Chingiz Aitmatov. Based on this, the study sheds light on the staging repertoire of the Korea Theater, which gradually converged Soviet characteristics, Central Asian worldview, and Koreans’ ethnic elements, as well as contemplating the cultural/artistic goals of the theater’s leaders, aspects of acculturation, and obligation consciousness of the times.본 논문은 2017년도 포스코청암재단(아시아인문사회연구지원사업)의 지원에 의해 연구되었음.(과제번호: 201700000001399
The Difference of Nursing Professional Values according to the Sexual Harassment Experience in Nursing Student Clinical Practice
No full text본 연구는 임상실습을 경험한 간호학생들의 임상실습에서 경험하는 성희롱 피해 실태를 확인하고, 성희롱 피해 여부에 따른 간호전문직관의 차이를 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 S시에 소재한 일 개 대학에 재학 중인 임상 실습을 경험 해본 학생 중 연구에 자발적으로 참여하기로 한 138명을 대상으로 2016년 11월 15일부터 12월 24일까지 자가 보고식 설문지를 통해 자료를 수집 하였다. 수집된 자료는 빈도분석과 T-test로 분석하였다. 연구 결과 연구 대상자 중 병원 실습 전 성희롱 예방 교육을 받은 적이 있다고 응답한 경우는 24.6%이고 임상 실습 중 성희롱 피해를 경험한 대상자는 60.9%이었다. 간호학생들이 임상 실습에서 경험하는 성희롱을 유형별로 분류하였을 때 언어적 성희롱(47.8%)이 가장 많았고 시각적 성희롱(44.2%), 신체적 성희롱(39.9%)의 순으로 피해가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 대상자들의 성희롱 피해 여부에 따라 간호전문직관의 하위 영역 중 간호직에 대한 사회적 인식(p=.05)과 간호의 독자성(p=.04)이 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 따라서 학생들의 안전을 위해 임상 실습에서의 성희롱 피해를 예방하고 대처할 수 있는 대책 마련이 시급하다. The purpose of this study is to identify the experience of sexual harassment in clinical practice of nursing students and to investigate the difference of nursing professional value according to sexual harassment experience. This study was conducted from 138 students who experienced clinical practice at one university in S city from 15th November to 24th December 2016. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and T-test. As a result of the study, 24.6% of respondents had received sexual harassment prevention education before the clinical practice, and 60.9% of them experienced sexual harassment during clinical practice. Verbal sexual harassment(47.8%) was the most common, followed by visual harassment(44.2%), physical harassment(39.9%). There was a statistically significant difference between the social awareness (p = .05) and the originality of nursing (p = .04) among the sub-domains of nursing professional value according to the sexual harassment experience. Therefore, for the safety of students, particular attention is needed to prevent sexual harassment in clinical practice