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Evaluation of changes in choroidal thickness and the choroidal vascularity index after hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease by using swept-source optical coherence tomography
No full textTo evaluate the effect of hemodialysis on choroidal thickness and the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) by using swept-source optical coherence tomography.
Thirty-two eyes of 32 patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis were recruited prospectively. Detailed ophthalmologic examinations and swept-source optical coherence tomography were performed immediately before and after hemodialysis. Choroidal thickness maps were generated automatically by using built-in software. The CVI was calculated using binarized choroidal optical coherence tomography images. Systemic parameters such as body weight and blood pressure were also measured. The changes in systemic and ocular parameters during hemodialysis were evaluated. Subjects were divided into 2 groups (diabetes mellitus [DM] vs non-diabetes mellitus) for subgroup analysis.
Total choroidal thickness showed a significant overall decrease after hemodialysis (-10.9 +/- 14.0, P˂. 001). In the subgroup analysis, total choroidal thickness significantly decreased in both patients with DM (-11.3 +/- 13.6, P=. 004) and those without (-10.6 +/- 14.9, P=. 020), but the reduction of choroidal thickness was observed in more subfields in patients with DM than in those without. The CVI did not significantly change after hemodialysis (P=. 717). No significant systemic and ocular factors affected the changes in total choroidal thicknesses.
Choroidal thickness significantly decreased after hemodialysis in most subfields regardless of the presence of DM. Perihemodialysis choroidal changes could be considered in the management of patients with ESRD. Swept-source optical coherence tomography can provide ample and reliable quantitative data for monitoring ocular hemodynamic changes.This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2017R1D1A1B03030905 and NRF-2017R1D1A1B03031934)
A Comparative Study of Korean and Japanese Tourists’ Spa Selection Attributes : Focused on Hofstede’s *Cultural Dimensions *
No full text본 연구의 목적은 문화적 배경이 다른 한·일 관광객이 온천 관광지 선택속성에 대한 평가 차이를 Hofstede가 제시한 문화차원의 관점에서 분석하는데 있다. Hofstede의 문화차원이론에서 제시된 6개 차원 중 온천 관광지의 선택 속성과 연계되는 4개 차원을 선정하여 설문지를 작성하여 일본 유후인 온천 관광지를 방문하는 한국과 일본 관광객을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사의 분석결과 총 4개 차원 중 3개 차원에서 통계적 유의성의 검증되었다. 한국 관광객의 경우 일본 관광객 보다 남성성과 불확실성 회피경향이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 일본 관광객의 경우 한국 관광객보다 개인주의 성향이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과는 Hofstede가 제시하는 문화차원의 유용성을 전반적으로 지지하고 있으나 관광객의 문화적 성향은 관광 대상지의 특성 및 활동유형 등에 따라 다르게 나타남을 시사하고 있어 향후 심층화된 연구의 필요성을 제시하고 있다. The goal of this research was to investigate the differences of spa selection attributes between Korean and Japanese tourists. To achieve the research objective, this study adapted Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. Out of the six dimensions suggested by Hofstede, this study adapted four dimensions, and designed questionnaire accordingly. The questionnaire was designed including items related to four dimensions in the evaluation of spa selection attributes. The empirical data utilized in this study were collected from Korea and Japan tourists who visited Yufuin spa, Japan. Statistical significances were verified in three dimensions from four dimensions investigated. For Korean tourists, the dimensions of masculinity and uncertainty avoidance were evaluated higher than Japanese tourists. On the other hand, Japanese tourists evaluated dimension of individualism higher than Korean tourists. The results generally supported the usefulness of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. However, it was revealed that tourists’ cultural propensity appeared differently depending on such variables as the characteristic of the tourism destination and activity types suggesting the need for further in depth research
Necessity of Guidelines for Research in Forensic Science: DNA Identification
No full textForensic science is an academic field that utilizes scientific knowledge and the conducting of research in legal procedures. Recently, legal science has been receiving more attention since the use of DNA identification started, especially in criminal procedures, in accordance with the development of human genetics. DNA identification has been used to identify criminals by analyzing humanoriginated biological materials obtained from crime scenes, and, more recently, the breadth and effectiveness of their use has been increasing with the operation of DNA databases. The Korean government regulates the operation and utilization of the DNA database through the “Act on Use and Protection of DNA Identification Information.” Meanwhile, the actual study of human genetics is regulated by the “Bioethics and Safety Act.” Professional areas, such as forensic science, are not areas where regulation by the laws is appropriate. However, the core part of behavior has to be ruled by the laws, considering the impact of scientific achievements on society and individuals when they are utilized. Since most scientific research and performance utilization belong in the scientific and technological domains, regulation through experts' autonomous guidelines is more appropriate. For the regulation of biomedical research through ethical guidelines, some requirements should be satisfied: the ethical guideline should be made by suitable professionals; the ethical guideline should be scientifically and ethically reliable; the ethical guideline should be enforced by a trustworthy institution; and most importantly, the scientist community should be trustworthy.This research was supported by the Bio and Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (NRF-2014M3A9E1070338). I would like to thank Moon Young Kim, Soong Deok Lee, Ji Hyun Lee, Hwan Young Lee and So Hee Cho of the Seoul National University College of Medicine for giving me good feedback
Rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung über die Todeserklärung nach dem deutschen Verschollenheitsgesetz
No full text본 논문은 독일 실종법상의 사망선고의 요건 및 효과, 사망시기의 확정 및 동시사망의 추정에 관한 규정을 주로 검토한다. 1900년 시행된 독일 민법은 사망선고에 관한 규정을 민법에 규정하였지만, 1939년 ‘실종, 사망선고 및 사망시기의 확정에 관한 법률’을 별도로 제정하여 민법에서 분리하였고, 1951년 ‘실종법규정의 개정에 관한 연방법률’을 통하여 법명칭을 실종법으로 변경하면서 내용면에서도 일부 개정하였다.
독일 실종법은 사망선고의 요건 및 효과 등에 관한 실체법상의 규정과 사망선고, 사망시기의 확정 등을 위한 절차법상의 규정을 망라하여 포함하고 있는 법률이다. 동법은 사망선고의 요건으로서 실종을 보통실종과 특별실종으로 구별하고 비교적 상세하게 그 요건을 규정한다. 그리고 사망선고절차는 신청권자의 신청에 의하여 개시되도록 하고 사망선고가 내려지면 사망선고를 받은 자는 사망선고 시에 확정된 사망시기에 사망한 것으로 추정된다. 아울러 동법은 사망시기의 확정절차에 관하여 규정을 두고 있고 또한 동시사망의 추정에 관한 규정을 두고 있다.
우리 민법은 27조 내지 제29조 등 3개의 조문으로 실종선고의 요건 및 효과 그리고 실종선고의 취소를 규정한다. 우리 민법은 실종선고에 의하여 실종선고를 받은 자는 실종기간의 만료 시에 사망한 것으로 의제한다. 이는 독일 실종법상의 추정규정과는 상이하다. 또한 사망시기에 관하여도 독일 실종법은 조사결과 가장 개연성이 있는 시기에 사망한 것으로 정해지며 그렇게 정할 수 없는 경우에 개별 실종유형에 따라 사망시기를 정한다. 이 경우에도 우리 민법처럼 실종기간의 만료 시에 사망한 것으로 보는 것이 아니라 대체로 실종원인의 개시 시점을 사망시기로 정하고 있다.
그리고 독일 실종법은 사망선고를 받은 자가 살아 있는 것으로 밝혀진 경우에는 사망선고의 취소절차 없이도 사망선고의 효력을 부정할 수 있으나 우리 민법은 실종선고의 취소절차를 밟아야 한다. 나아가 독일 민법은 사망선고에 관하여 공신력을 부여하면서 살아 있는 실종자의 반환청구권을 상속인의 반환청구권에 의하여 인정하고 있다. 이외에도 우리 민법은 2인 이상의 사망한 경우에 동시사망의 추정을 위하여는 동일한 위난으로 사망하여야 할 것을 요구하는데 반하여 독일 실종법은 동시사망의 추정을 위하여 동일한 위난으로 사망할 것을 요구하지 아니한다.
우리 민법개정 논의에서도 실종 관련 규정의 개정에 관한 논의가 있었다. 하지만 그러한 논의에서 주로 특별실종의 유형 및 기간에 관한 논의만이 주로 이루어졌다. 독일 실종법상 사망추정규정, 사망시기의 확정, 사망선고를 받은 자가 살아 있는 경우 사망선고의 효력이 부정되는 경우의 효력문제 및 동시사망의 추정에 관한 규정 등은 우리 민법의 개정논의에서도 중요한 의미를 가질 것으로 생각된다. In der vorliegenden Arbeit geht es um eine rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung über die Verschollenheit und Todeserklärung nach dem deutschen Recht. Das deutsche Bürgerliche Gesetzbuch, das am 1. 1. 1900 in Kraft getreten ist, hat die Vorschriften über Verschollenheit und Todeserklärung enthalten. Aber Der deutsche Gesetzgeber hat durch ein Sondergesetz (Gesetz über die Verschollenheit, die Todeserklärung und die Feststellung der Todeszeit) v. 4. 7. 1939 die Verschollenheit und die Todeserklärung neu geregelt. Danach hat im Jahr 1951 der Gesetzgeber den Namen und die Inhalte des Gesetzes geändert.
Das deutsche Verschollenheitsgesetz enthält nicht nur die materiellrechtlichen Voraussetzung für die Todeserklärung und die Feststellung der Todeszeitpunkt, sondern auch die Regelung für das Verfahren der Todeserklärung und der Feststellung der Todeszeitpunkt. Das Verschollenheitsgesetz regelt die Vermutung in § 9 VerschG, dass der Vorschollene in dem im Beschluß festgestellten Zeitpunkt gestorben ist. Darüber hinaus hat das Verschollenheitsgesetz die Regelung für die Vermutung des gleichzeitigen Todes. Nach § 11 VerschG wird vermutet, dass die mehreren gestorben Menschen oder für tot erklärten Menschen gleichzeitig gestorben sind, wenn nicht bewiesen werden kann, dass von ihnen der eine den anderen überlebt hat. Nach dem deutschen Verschollenheitsgesetz ist es für die Vermutung des gleichzeitigen Todes erforderlich, dass sich die mehreren Menschen in gemeinsamer Gefahr befinden. Das koreanische Bürgerliche Gesetz bestimmt in §§ 27 bis 29 die Regel über die Voraussetzungen sowie Wirkung der Verschollenheitserklärung und die Anfechtung der Verschollenheitserklärung. Das koreanische Bürgerliche Gesetz bestimmt in § 28, dass der Verschollene, der für verschollen erklärt ist, als tot gilt. Darüber hinaus ist die gemeinsame Gefahr nach dem koreanischen Bürgerlichen Gesetz für die Vermutung des gleichzeitigen Todes.
Diese rechtsverlgeichende Arbeit ist von Bedeutung für die Diskussion für die Regelung über Verschollenheit des koreanischen Bürgerlichen Gesetz.이 논문은 한양대학교 교내연구지원사업으로 연구되었음(HY-2015년도)
Investigating the Effects of Inbound Logistics Models on the Logistics Performance
No full textThe purpose of this study is to examine and compare the effects of different inbound logistics models that can be used in automotive parts procurement in automobile manufacturing industry. We have used simulation experiment to test the effectiveness of four procurement models. The four models tested are Direct delivery, Milk run, Cross docking, and a hybrid model of Cross docking-Milk run. The simulation models were developed based on the real life data collected from a Korean car manufacturing company.
The results show that there are differences between the inbound logistics models in terms of logistics cost and the customer service measures such as on-time delivery percentage and order fulfillment rates. Also, it was found that the operating conditions such as the distance and the order frequency had great impacts on the performance of the logistics models.이 논문은 한양대학교 교내연구지원사업으로 연구되었음(HY-2016년도
Biological, Legal, and Social, Parents - Confirmation of Relation between Parents and a Child from the Perspective of Child Welfare -
No full text민법 제844조는 혼인중 출생자의 출생 기간을 기준으로 법적 아버지를 추정한다. 이는 민법 제846조, 제847조와 더불어 법적 아버지와 자녀 관계를 확정하는 중추규정이다. 그런데 2005년 민법 개정 이전의 제847조 제1항은 자녀의 출생을 안 날로부터 1년 안에 친생부인의 소를 제기하게 하여 생물학적 아버지가 아님에도 법적 아버지의 책임을 떠안게 되어 자기결정권을 중대하게 침해하였다. 이에 대법원 전원합의체 1983.7.12.선고 82므59 판결은 “동서의 결여”가 있을 때 민법 제844조의 적용에서 제외시키는 법창설을 함으로써 위헌의 소지를 축소하였다. 그 후 헌법재판소는 민법 제847조 제1항은 헌법에 불합치한다는 결정을 하였고, 2005년 민법개정이 이루어졌다. 이 논문은 현 시점에서 대판(전) 82므59 판결을 변경하여 민법 제844조를 문언대로 해석하는 것이 시대에 적합하다고 주장한다. 이를 뒷받침하기 위해 영국과 독일의 친자관계 확정의 법을 비교분석하였다. 이를 토대로 친생부인의 소에 관한 민법 규정들은 부부와 아동 3자 간의 이익을 특히 아동보호에 중점을 두고 해석되어야 한다고 주장한다. 우리 법의 친생부인제도는 아동부양과 양육의 1차적 책임이 있는 법적 부모의 불확정상태를 조기 확정하기 위한 것이기 때문이다. 나아가 현행 민법의 친생부인제도는 부부의 이익은 비교적 충실히 보호하지만, 아동의 이익을 매우 불충분하게 보호하고 있음을 지적한다. 생물학적 부모를 법적 부모로 확정하고자 하는 아동의 이익을 권리로 보호해 줄 필요가 있다는 것이다. 끝으로 보조생식기술로 출생한 아동의 경우 법적 부모가 모두 없을 수 있는 위험성도 있기 때문에 법적 불확실성을 없애기 위해 입법적 정비가 시급히 이루어져야 한다는 것을 제안하고 있다. Article 844 of Korean Civil Code is the presumption clause that a child born by a wife married with a husband within certain period during and after marriage and its closure is considered to be a child of that husband. This clause is one of main legal provisions based on which to decide a legal father depending on the period of birth. Before the revision of Korean civil code in 2005, articles 847(1) provided that a presumed legal father shall bring a cancellation suit after he knew his wife gave a birth to a child; otherwise he could not deny his legal fatherhood. This provision was declared, in 1993, by the Korean Constitutional Court to be incompatible with Korean Constitution because it infringed the self-determination by a husband of whether or not he is responsible for the maintenance of a child who has no biological connection with him. Before that decision, the plenary session of Korean Supreme Court in 1983 decided that article 844 did not apply to the case where a wife conceived a child during the time when the spouse did not live together. Thereby, Korean Supreme Court seems to have wanted to reduce possibility of unconstitutionality of that provision to some extent.
This paper argues that, in order to respect the intention of 2005 reformation of articles 846, 847, article 844 must be interpreted literally. To support this argument, this paper compares the parenthood laws in England and Germany, and concludes that Korean law related to the rebuttal of parenthood, articles 846 and 847, is focused on the protection of child welfare to the effect that parenthood should be fixed as early as possible unless the legitimate interest of parents is neglected. This paper however argues that articles 846 and 847 do not pay legitimate respect to the interest of a child to know who are biological parents. In other words, a child should have an opportunity to know his or her biological parents or to sever the relation with his or her parents who have not cared for him or her. Lastly, this paper suggests that the uncertainty about parenthood in the case where a child is born with assisted reproduction should be removed by legislation.이 논문은 2016년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2016S1A3A2924706)
Toxicity of sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxazole and their removal by a green microalga, Scenedesmus obliquus
No full textA comprehensive ecotoxicological evaluation of a sulfamethazine (SMZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) mixture was conducted using an indicator microalga, Scenedesmus obliquus. The toxicological effects of this mixture were studied using microalgal growth patterns, biochemical characteristics (total chlorophyll, carotenoid, carbohydrate, fatty acid methyl ester), and elemental and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The 96-h half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of the SMZ and SMX mixture was calculated to be 0.15 mg L-1 according to the dose-response curves obtained. The chlorophyll content decreased with elevated SMZ and SMX concentrations, while the carotenoid content initially increased and then decreased as concentration raised. The unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) content was enhanced with higher SMZ and SMX concentrations, while that of saturated FAMEs simultaneously decreased due to SMZ and SMX stress. Elemental analyses showed an improved percentage of nitrogen and sulfur in the microalgal biomass as SMZ and SMX concentrations increased. The microalga S. obliquus was shown to biodegrade the chemicals tested and removed 31.4-623% of the 0.025-0.25 mg SMZ L-1 and 27.7-46.8% of the 0.025-0.25 mg SMX L-1 in the mixture after 12 days of cultivation. The greater biodegradation observed at higher SMZ and SMX concentrations indicates that microalgal degradation of SMZ and SMX could act as an efficient adaptive mechanism to antibiotics. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This study was supported by the Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute (KEITE) grants funded by the Ministry of Environment (ME) of the South Korean government (No. RE201805203)
Carbon Defect Characterization of Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrocatalysts for the Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction
No full textNumerous modified-carbon catalysts have been developed for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide through electrochemical oxygen reduction. However, given the complex structure of most porous carbons and the poor oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) selectivity typically observed when they are used as catalysts, it is still unclear which carbon defects are responsible for the high two-electron ORR activity typically observed in these materials. Here, we study electrocatalytic peroxide formation activity of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) materials to relate carbon defects to electrocatalytic activity. To do so, we selected two N-rGO electrodes that selectively produce peroxide at all potentials studied (0.70-0.10 V vs RHE) under alkaline conditions. Oxygen reduction studies, combined with material characterization, especially solid-state (13)carbon nuclear magnetic resonance coupled with magic angle spinning and cross-polarization, demonstrate that epoxy or ether groups in the N-rGO catalyst are likely associated with the active sites that form peroxide at the lowest overpotential in alkaline media.B.D.M. and H.W.K. gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation under Grant CBET-1604927. H.W.K. also acknowledges support from the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education (2016R1A6A3A03012382). T.H.H. and H.P. gratefully acknowledge support from the Basic Science Research Program funded by of the National Research Foundation of Korea (2017R1A2B4010771). H.B.P., J.S.R., J.E.S., and T.H.L. acknowledge support by the Korea CCS R&D Center (Korea CCS 2020 Project) grant funded by the Korea government (Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning) in 2018 (Grant 2014M1A8A1049307). This research used resources of the Advanced Light Source, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility, under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231
Sleep Assessment During Shift Work in Korean Firefighters: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textBackground: This cross-sectional study assessed the sleep quality using the ActiGraph and investigated the relationship between the parameters of sleep assessment and the type of shift work in Korean firefighters.
Methods: The participants were 359 firefighters: 65 day workers (control group) and 294 shift workers (shift work group: 77 firefighters with 3-day shift, 72 firefighters with 6-day shift, 65 firefighters with 9-day shift, and 80 firefighters with 21-day shift). Sleep assessments were performed using the ActiGraph (wGT3X-BT) for 24 hours during day shift (control and shift work group) and night shift and rest day (shift work group). The participants recorded bed time and sleep hours during the measurement period.
Results: Sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and percentage of wake after sleep onset during night work were lower in the shift work group than control group (p ˂ 0.05). Sleep efficiency decreased in night shift and increased in rest day, whereas wake after sleep onset increased in night shift and decreased in rest day (p ˂ 0.05). Among shift work groups, sleep efficiency of 6-day shift was higher in day shift, and sleep efficiency of 21-day shift was lower in night shift than other shift groups (p ˂ 0.05).
Conclusion: We found that the sleep quality in night shift of the shift work group was poorer than the control group. As to the type of shift work, sleep quality was good in 6-day shift and poor in 21-day shift. Thus, fast rotating shift such as 6-day shift may be recommended to improve the sleep quality of the firefighters. (C) 2019 Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Published by Elsevier Korea LLC.This research was supported by the research fund of Hanyang University (HY-2017)
Experimental evaluation of phase change material in radiant cooling panels integrated with thermoelectric modules
No full textThis study proposes a phase change material for use in radiant cooling panels integrated with thermoelectric modules (PCM–TERCP) and evaluates its performance characteristics during the solidification and melting process of phase change materials in design conditions. The PCM–TERCP consists of phase change materials (PCMs), thermoelectric modules (TEMs), and aluminumpanels. TEMs operate to freeze the PCM, and PCM stores the cooling thermal energy to maintain the constant surface temperature of the panel for radiant cooling. The main purpose of thermal energy storage systems is the shift of the electricity consumption from day-time to night-time during the summer season. Therefore, PCM–TERCP can implement off-peak operation according to which energy is expected to be saved. The melting temperature of PCM and the target surface temperatures of the bottom panels of PCM–TERCP were designed to be 16°C. Additionally, the room temperature and mean radiant temperature (MRT) was set to 24°C, while the thickness of the PCM pouch was 10 mm. As a result, the solidification process required 4 h and the total input power was 0.528 kWh. Correspondingly, the melting process can operate passively over a period of 4 h. In most cases, the operating temperature was lower than 19°C, which validates the temperature response of PCM–TERCP.This work was supported by the Korean Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement (KAIA) grants (19CTAP-C141826-02), and by the Korean Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) (No. 20184010201710)