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    A modified Weaver-Dunn procedure with or without chip bone graft for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint separation

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    Background: In spite of frequent injuries to the acromioclavicular (AC) joint, there is no consensus regarding optimal technique to be used. This cohort study evaluated the clinical results of a modified Weaver-Dunn procedure with or without chip bone graft for the treatment of AC joint separation retrospectively. Materials and Methods: 60 consecutive patients with AC joint separation, between the age of 19-76 years (mean age 43 years), were enrolled between January 2005 and September 2011. Forty patients (35 men, 5 women) were treated with a modified Weaver-Dunn procedure, and did not receive bone graft during the procedure (Group 1), whereas twenty patients (19 men, 1 woman) received autogenous chip bone graft (Group 2). Stability of the AC joint was evaluated clinically and radiographically, and the clinical results were assessed by the Imatani evaluation system. Results: The mean duration of followup was 2 years and 2 months. The results were excellent in all patients except one. At final followup, roentgenographic measurement revealed that the mean coracoclavicular interval was 8.2 mm on the affected side, and 8.9 mm on the unaffected side in Group 1, and 9.5 mm on the affected side and 10.1 mm on the unaffected side in Group 2. For Group 1, there were significant differences between augmentation of the grafted coracoacromial (CA) ligament antero-posteriorly and laterally (Option B) and repair of the torn AC ligament with augmentation of the grafted CA ligament antero-inferiorly (option A; P = 0.0351). Conclusions: The modified Weaver-Dunn procedure (Group 1 and 2) provides a stable and strong reconstruction for the treatment of AC joint separation. In addition, this modified Weaver-Dunn procedure with chip bone graft (Group 2) may lead to same or more secure healing of the grafted CA ligament-bone than the same procedure without chip bone graft (P = 0.9737)

    Classifying Urban Climate Zones (UCZs) Based on Spatial Statistical Analyses

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    The objective of this study is the classification of urban climate zones (UCZs) based on spatial statistical approaches to provide key information for the establishment of thermal environments to improve urban planning. To achieve this, using data from 246 automatic weather stations (AWSs), air temperature maps in the summer of the study area were prepared applying universal kriging interpolation analysis. In addition, 22 preliminary variables to classify UCZs were prepared by a 100 m × 100 m grid. Next, six influential urban spatial variables to classify UCZs were finalized using spatial regression analysis between air temperature and preliminary variables. Finally, the UCZs of the study area were delineated by applying K-mean clustering analysis, and each spatial characteristic of the UCZs was identified. The results found that the accuracy of the air temperature of the study area ranged from ±0.184 °C to ±0.824 °C with a mean 0.501 root mean square predict error (RMSPE). Elevation, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), commercial area, average height of buildings, terrain roughness class, building height to road width (H/W) ratio, distance from subway stations, and distance from water spaces were identified as finalized variables to classify UCZs. Finally, a total of 8 types of UCZs were identified and each zone showed a different urban spatial pattern and air temperature range. Based on the spatial statistical analysis results, this study delineated clearer UCZs boundaries by applying influential urban spatial elements that resulted from previous classification studies of UCZs mainly based on pre-determined spatial variables. The methods presented in this study can be effectively applied to other cities to establish urban heat island counter measures that have similar weather observation conditions.This research was supported by a grant (19AUDP-B102406-05) from the Architecture and Urban Development Research Program (AUDP) funded by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport of the Korean Government

    The Joseon ruling theory and Japan-Joseon Conciliation displayed in the editorials of the magazine Joseon Gongron of 1930s

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    ��������� 1930��������� ������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ��������� ������ ��������������� ���������������. ������������, ��������������� ������������ ��������������� ������������ ������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ��������� ��������� ������ ��������� ������������. ��� ������ 1930������ �������������������� ��������� ��������� ��������������� ��������� ������������ ��������� ���������, ������, ������ ������ ������������������ ������������������ ������������ ��������� ������ ������������. ������, ��������� ��������� ��������� ������ ��������� ��������������������� ������������ ��������� ������ ��������������� ������������. ��������� ��� ������ ��������� ������������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������. ��������������������� ��������������� ������������ ������������ ��������� ������������ ��������� ���������. ������������ ��������� ��������� ��������������� ��������� ��������������� ���������. ������, ��������� ��������� ��������������� ������������ ������ ������ ��������� ������������ ��������� ������������. ��������������� ������������ ������ ������ ������ ��������� ��������� ������ ������, ������, ��������� ������ ‘���������’ ��������� ������������, ��������� ��� ������������������ ��������� ������������. ������, ‘������������’��� ������ ��������� ������ ������������������, ������ ������ ‘������’��� ��������������� ������������. ������������������ ��������� ��������� ������������, ������������ ��������� ������������ ��������������� ������������ ������������ ��������� ������ ��������� ��� ���������. ������, ������������ ��������� ������ ������������ ������������ ������ ‘������������’��� ��������������� ������ ������������ ��������������� ���������. ‘������������’��� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ������������ ������. ��������� ������������ ��������� ������������ ������ ��������������� ������������ ������������������������ ������������. 1910��������� 1920������ ��������������������� ������������ ��������� ������ ��������������� ������ ������������ ��������� ��������������� ������. ��������� 1930��������� ������������ ������ ��������������� ������������ ������������ ��������� ��������� ������ ��������������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ������ ������������ ���������. ������ ��������������� ������������ 2��� ������ ������������ ������ ������������ ��������� ��������������� ��������� 4��� ������ ��������������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������������� ���������. ������ ��������� ������ ������������ ��������������� ������������ ��������� ������������ ������. ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������ ������������ ������������ ��������� ������������ ������������ ������������ ������������ ��������� ��������� ������ ��������� ������������. In 1930s, the Japanese government was under full-scale wars to invade others while the influence of military was strengthened. In order to carry out the wars, such as, Manchurian Incident, Sino-Japanese War, and others, it deployed the policy to fit the colonial Joseon for the war mobilization system. This article has reviewed the editorials of ���Joseon Gongron��� in the 1930s regarding how it critiqued the ruling of Joseon by the Japanese intellectuals based on the Joseon ruling theory and Japan-Joseon Conciliation. First, it positively assessed the ruling of Governor-General Ukaki that the self-revitalization movement was implemented in Joseon. However, it raised the criticism of having flaws in the execution method and performance record. The rural promotion movement was superficial and merely a temporary policy and there was difficulty of farm revitalization. In Joseon, there was a need for semi-perceptual ruling of Governor-General Ukaki. Second, the continent policy of Governor-General Minami presented the direction for Japan that was under the urgent political situation to march forward. In order to carry out the policy, it required the substantiating the military system of Joseon and construct 'new Japan' to link Tokyo, Kyoto and Singyeong with Joseon being an important territory as its front post. Third, the need for the ‘Japan-Joseon Conciliation’ would be dispersion of Japanese language, and for this purpose, integration of language of ‘Japan-Joseon’ would be critical. For teaching the great summary of state political system in the primary education and ruling Joseon that was under the emergency political situation, it would require leading the ideology through the youth education. And, fourth, after the Sino-Japanese War, the path to integrate people of Japan-Joseon is to mobilize the 'national mentality' in order to prepare for prolonged war and it must control the communism and liberalism that taint the ‘Spirit of Japan’. In order to prepare the war with the Soviet, the ideological control must be strengthened and the total mobilization of ‘'national mentality’ is required. In the editorials of ���Joseon Gongron��� of 1910s and 1920s, there was occasional critical article tones on the Governor-General politics depending on the agenda. However, in 1930s, it displayed its limit for carrying out the function as the magazine with the character of government newsletter of the Governor-General Office that supports the war-time system.��� ��������� 2014��� ������(���������)��� ������������ ��������������������� ��������� ������ ��������� ���������(NRF-2014S1A5A2A01013839

    The potential of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles as nutrient source for plant growth.

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    In this work, the green ZnO NPs were synthesized using plant leaf extract (Aloe barbadensis Mill). Their formation was validated using a number of optical spectroscopic and electron microscopic techniques. The particle size of green ZnO NPs averaged as 35���nm which was far smaller than that prepared by conventional chemical methods for comparison purpose (e.g., 48���nm). Although both types of ZnO NPs were spherical with high crystallinity, the former is likely to better reflect the strong reducing and capping capability of the leaf extract. The suitable concentrations of ZnO NPs for seedling emergence and germination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were then explored at varying NP levels (0, 15, 62, 125, 250, and 500���mg/L). Accordingly, the ones treated with green ZnO NPs grew better than the control seeds. Moreover, the wheat seed samples treated with a moderate amount (e.g., 62���mg/L) of green ZnO NPs showed most significant enhancement (P���<���0.005) in their root and shoot length relative to other concentration levels or to the chemically synthesized ones (e.g., by 50% and 105%, respectively). As such, the potential of green synthesized ZnO NPs has been recognized as a nano-based nutrient source for agricultural applications.We are thankful to Vice-Chancellor, SGGSW University, and Panjab University for providing the necessary laboratory facilities. KHK acknowledges support made in part by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (Grant No: 2016R1E1A1A01940995)

    Characteristics of Adult Severe Refractory Asthma in Korea Analyzed From the Severe Asthma Registry

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    Purpose Although mild to moderate asthma is much more common, the morbidity and mortality of severe asthma are much higher. This study was performed to identify and analyze the clinical characteristics of severe asthma in Korea. Methods We registered patients with severe refractory asthma into the Severe Asthma Registry supported by the Severe Asthma Work Group of the Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Patients were enrolled since 2010 from the 15 university hospitals nationwide in Korea. Severe asthma was defined according to modified European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society criteria. Information on demographics, medical history, pulmonary function tests and skin prick tests was collected; the clinical characteristics of severe asthmatics were analyzed from the collected data. Results A total of 489 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 62.3; 45% are male. Sixty percent of patients received Global Initiative for Asthma step 4 treatment, and 30% received step 5 treatment. The most common comorbidities were allergic rhinitis (58.7%). Aspirin hypersensitivity was observed in 14.0%. Approximately half (53.9%) are non-smokers. Atopy was proven in 38.5% of the patients. Regarding asthma medications, inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β-agonist combination inhalers were most commonly prescribed (96.5%), followed by leukotriene antagonists (71.0%). A recombinant anti-immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibody (omalizumab) has been used in 1.8% of the patients. The mean forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC were 78.7%, 67.5% and 67.9% of predicted values, respectively. The mean Asthma Control Test and quality of life questionnaire scores were 16.5 out of 25 and 59.5 out of 85, respectively. Conclusions The baseline characteristics of severe asthma patients in the Korea Severe Asthma Registry were analyzed and reported for the first time. With this cohort, further prospective studies should be performed to search for ways to improve management of severe refractory asthma.This study was supported by a grant from the Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology

    Association of Asian mitochondrial DNA haplogroup B with new development of knee osteoarthritis in Koreans

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    Aim The aim of this study was to determine which mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup is associated with new development of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Epidemiologic data and knee radiographs with the Kellgren-Lawrence (K/L) score of the Ansung cohort study were prospectively obtained from the 2nd (2005-2006) and 6th follow-up periods (2013-2014). The mtDNA was analyzed by multiplex mutagenetically separated polymerase chain reaction to determine Asian mtDNA haplogroups (M, G, D, D4, D5, M7, M8, M9, M10, N, A, N9, R, F and B). The frequency of the mtDNA haplogroup was compared between participants with knee OA (K/L score >= 2 or total knee replacement arthroplasty [OA group]) and those without knee OA (K/L < 2 [control group]) at the 6th follow-up. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the relative risk (RR) of mtDNA haplogroups for OA by adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, smoking and metabolic syndrome. Results There were 1115 participants with epidemiological data, knee radiographs and DNA samples. Of these, 572 participants had a K/L score of 0 at the 2nd follow up, and 438 underwent knee radiography at the 6th follow up. Among the 438 participants, 160 were classified as having knee OA, and 278 were classified as the control group. The haplogroup B showed a significantly higher frequency in the OA group than in the control group (unadjusted RR = 1.794, P = 0.030; adjusted RR = 2.389, P = 0.004). Conclusion Our data suggest that mtDNA haplogroup B contributed to the new development of knee OA in Koreans.National Research Foundation of Korea, Grant/Award Number: 2015R1D1A1A0105755

    Tissue Engineering: Celebrating 25 Years in Publication and Collaboration

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    Editorial Materia

    Influence of arabic gum on in vitro starch digestibility and noodlemaking quality of Segoami

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    The effects of arabic gum on the quality attributes of rice noodles were characterized in terms of physical properties as well as in vitro starch digestibility. Segoami (high amylose rice) was used to develop rice noodle with low predicted glycemic index (pGI). First, the processing condition for Segoami noodle was investigated at different levels of water content (100%–175%) and steaming time (1–5���min). The impact of various levels of arabic gum (0.5%–2%) of Segoami noodles was also evaluated. In the results, the optimal processing condition was determined at the condition of 150% water content and 1���min of steaming time, when the lowest cooking loss and highest cohesiveness were observed. The addition of arabic gum (0.5–1.5%) lifted down glucose release curve and significantly reduced pGI of Segoami noodles. The higher level of arabic gum showed the higher cooking loss, but lower hardness and cohesiveness. Consequently, the 1.5% level of arabic gum was most effective in reducing in vitro starch digestibility and improving cooking properties of Segoami noodles

    Occurrence and characterization of paraffin wax formed in developing wells and pipelines

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    Deposition and precipitation of paraffin wax in pipelines are major problems in the production, transfer, storage, and processing of crude oil. To prevent complete clogging, it is necessary to minimize and remove deposited wax in pipelines and tubing. Significant research has been done addressing the mechanisms of wax formation and its composition. In this review, the status of research and perspectives on the occurrence and characterization of the paraffin wax that forms in crude oil developing wells and pipelines has been critically reviewed. Several approaches for detecting paraffin wax and managing wax formation damage during oil recovery were discussed. This review also highlighted the effects of temperature and crude oil type on wax formation.This work was supported by Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) (No. 20182510102400) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20182510102400). This work was also supported by the research fund of Hanyang University (No. 201800000000288) and the project of KIGAM (GP2017-024)

    Search for pair-produced three-jet resonances in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

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    A search has been performed for pair-produced resonances decaying into three jets. The proton-proton collision data used for this analysis were collected with the CMS detector in 2016 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The mass range from 200 to 2000 GeV is explored in four separate mass regions. The observations show agreement with standard model expectations. The results are interpreted within the framework of R-parity violating SUSY, where pair-produced gluinos decay to a six quark final state. Gluino masses below 1500 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. An analysis based on data with multijet events reconstructed at the trigger level extends the reach to masses as low as 200 GeV. Improved analysis techniques have led to enhanced sensitivity, allowing the most stringent limits to date to be set on gluino pair production.We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, Contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science-EOS"-be.h project n. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Program and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA Research Grants No. 123842, No. 123959, No. 124845, No. 124850 and No. 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), Contracts Harmonia No. 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus No. 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, No. 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and No. 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, and Sonata-bis No. 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, Grant No. MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, Contract No. C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA)

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