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    Effects of cognitive function on cardiovascular risk factors and daily living fitness of the elderly

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    The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cognitive function on cardiovascular risk factors and daily living fitness of the elderly. The study participants recruited 122 senior citizens under the age of 65 to 85 who participated in the welfare center for the elderly people. According to the results of the “mini-mental state examination-Korea”(MMSE-K), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group (78.6±6.3 yrs, n=54) and normal group (75.5±5.0 yrs, n=68). The health history questionnaire obtained the basic information of the subject and the cardiovascular risk factors by survey. The item of daily living fitness is selected by referring to the preceding study (Rikli and Jones, 2001). It also conducted a logostic regression to analyze factors that affect cognitive function for the elderly. The results showed that the cardiovascular risk factors of MCI group were related to hyperlipidemia and stroke, and their daily living fitness was lower than those of normal group. Also, the decline in cognitive function suggested a high relationship between hyperlipidemia and stroke, and the dynamic balance of walking ability

    Regenerative Medicine of the Bile Duct: Beyond the Myth

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    Cholangiopathies are rare diseases of the bile duct with high mortality rates. The current treatment for cholangiopathies is liver transplantation, but there are significant obstacles including a shortage of donors and a high risk of complications. Currently, there is only one available medicine on the market targeting cholangiopathies, and the results have been inadequate in clinical therapy. To overcome these obstacles, many researchers have used human induced pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) as a source for cholangiocyte-like cell generation and have incorporated advances in bioprinting to create artificial bile ducts for implantation and transplantation. This has allowed the field to move dramatically forward in studies of biliary regenerative medicine. In this review, the authors provide an overview of cholangiocytes, the organogenesis of the bile duct, cholangiopathies, and the current treatment and advances that have been made that are opening new doors to the study of cholangiopathies.This research was supported by Grants from the Medical Research Center (NRF-2017R1A5A2015395), the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program (2018M3A9H1023910, 2018M3A9H3022412) funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST), and the Technology Innovation Program or Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program (10063334, Vascularized 3D tissue (liver/heart, cancer chip for evaluation of drug efficacy and toxicity) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry, & Energy of Korea

    “With the Tools of Production More Than with the Fighting Weapons”: Optics R&D in the NDRC during World War II

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    This paper analyzes American industrial contributions to wartime R&D efforts during World War II, by examining various R&D works of divisions 16 (Optics and Camouflage) and 17 (Physics) of the National Defense Research Committee. The R&D outcomes of divisions 16 and 17 were “scientific catchall”: there was no coherent research program, no concentration on a single project. Diversity of their research topics and urgency of their tasks led to the active use of reservoirs of industrial research. By investigating R&D processes and division of labor between industry and academia in various R&D works of division 16 and 17, this paper critically examines the effectiveness of the linear model of innovation

    Hannah Arendt’s Concept of ‘Right to have Rights’

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    ��������� ��������������� ‘������������ ������’���������, ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������ ��������� ���������. ������ ������-������������ ������ ‘������ ��������� ���������’��� ������-������ ������������ ������-������������ ��������� ��������������� ������������ ������. 18��������� ������-��������� ��������� ��������� ������������ ��������������� ��������� ��������� ������ ������������ ��������� ������ ��������� ������������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ������, ������������ ������������ ‘��������� ������ ������’(right to have rights)��������� ������ ��������� ���������������. 21��������� ������������ ��� ��������� ���������-��������� ������ ��������� ��������� ������ ������������ ������ ��������� ������ ��������������� ������������������. ��������������� ���������, ��������� ������ ��������� ������ ��������� ��������� ������ ������ ��������� ������������ ������������ ��������� ��������������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������. ������ ������������ ������ ��������� ������ ������������ ������ ��� ��������� ��������������� ������������������ ������������-��������� ��������������� ��������� ������������ ������������, ������ ������ ������������-��������������������� ������������ ������������ ��������������� ��������� ������ ��� ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������ ‘��������� ������ ������’ ��������� ��������� ��� ������. ��������� ������������ ������������ ������ ��������� ‘��������� ������ ������’��� ��� ������������ ������������ ��� ��� ������ ��������� ������(������)��� ������������. ������ ������������ ��������� ������ ������ ������ ������ ������������ ������ ��������� ������ ������(���������) ��������� ������ ��������� ���������. ������ ��������������� ������������ ‘��������� ������ ������’��� ��������� ������ ��������� ������������. ������ ��������� ������������ ‘��������� ������ ������’��� ��������� ��������� ������(������)��� ���������������������, ��� ��������� ��������� ������(equal liberty)��� ������. ��� ��������� ������������ ��������������� ������������, ������ ��������� ������������ ��������� ��������� ��������������� ������������ ��������� ������ ‘������������ ��������� ������’(human civic rights)��� ������������. ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������ ������������ ������������ ������������ ������������, ������������ ‘��������� ������ ������’ ������������ ������ ��������� ��������������� ������������ ������. ������ ������������ ������������ ������ ��������� ������������������������ ��������� ���������-���������������, ��������� ������ ��������� ��������� ��������������� ������ ��������� ������ ������ ������ ��������� ������ ������. ������ ������������ ������ ��� ������ ��������� ������-������������ ���(��������� ��������� ������)������ ��������� ������ ���������������. ��������������� ������ ������ ������ ��������������� ��������� ��������������� ��������������� ������ ��� ������ ������������ ��������� ���������. There is a persisting difficulty at the core of Politics of Human Rights which threatens the liberal democratic legitimacy. In view of the destruction of the nation -state unity and the modern ‘Rights of man’, Arendt has developed the concept of human rights as the foundation of the Political, defining human rights as the ‘Right to have Rights’. Benhabib and Balibar give the convincing interpretations of Arendt’s phrase. Benhabib explains that Arendt’s construction is totally Kantian. Arendt’s ‘Right to have Rights’ is based on Kant’s formulations of Right of humanity in every person, idea of social contract and the cosmopolitan right of hospitality. ‘Right to have Rights’ implies the right to belong to organized community as the right to political membership. Focusing on the foundational relationship between the political institution and the construction of the rights and human, Balibar defines ‘Right to have Rights’ as the right to democratic ‘equal liberty’ which is the immanent result of the political community of ‘isonomia’. Aiming at the reconstruction of the public(political) sphere, Arendt has provided the solid foundation of the ‘political rights of Man’. Consistently she was sceptical about the social-economic rights. That is also why we have to rethink Arendt.��� ��������� 2018��� ������������ ������������ ��������������������� ��������� ������ ��������� ��������� (NRF-2018S1A5A2A01035913)

    Deactivation of redox mediators in lithium-oxygen batteries by singlet oxygen

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    Non-aqueous lithium-oxygen batteries cycle by forming lithium peroxide during discharge and oxidizing it during recharge. The significant problem of oxidizing the solid insulating lithium peroxide can greatly be facilitated by incorporating redox mediators that shuttle electron-holes between the porous substrate and lithium peroxide. Redox mediator stability is thus key for energy efficiency, reversibility, and cycle life. However, the gradual deactivation of redox mediators during repeated cycling has not conclusively been explained. Here, we show that organic redox mediators are predominantly decomposed by singlet oxygen that forms during cycling. Their reaction with superoxide, previously assumed to mainly trigger their degradation, peroxide, and dioxygen, is orders of magnitude slower in comparison. The reduced form of the mediator is markedly more reactive towards singlet oxygen than the oxidized form, from which we derive reaction mechanisms supported by density functional theory calculations. Redox mediators must thus be designed for stability against singlet oxygen.This work was supported by a Human Resources Development program (No. 20184010201720) of a Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant, funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of the Korean government, and supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government Ministry of Education and Science Technology (MEST) (NRF-2018R1A2B3008794). S.A.F. is indebted to the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 636069) and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy and the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (grant No. 845364) and initial funding from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, Project No. P26870-N19). The work by L.A.C. and P.C.R. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office

    Artificial Intelligence Technology and Social Problem Solving

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    Modern societal issues occur in a broad spectrum with very high levels of complexity and challenges, many of which are becoming increasingly difficult to address without the aid of cutting-edge technology. To alleviate these social problems, the Korean government recently announced the implementation of mega-projects to solve low employment, population aging, low birth rate and social safety net problems by utilizing AI and ICBM (IoT, Cloud Computing, Big Data, Mobile) technologies. In this letter, we will present the views on how AI and ICT technologies can be applied to ease or solve social problems by sharing examples of research results from studies of social anxiety, environmental noise, mobility of the disabled, and problems in social safety. We will also describe how all these technologies, big data, methodologies and knowledge can be combined onto an open social informatics platform. © 2019, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT1) (No. 2018R1A5A7059549)

    A Multi-Criteria Analysis Framework including Environmental and Health Impacts for Evaluating Traffic Calming Measures at the Road Network Level

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    Recent interests in both vehicle emissions and public health have facilitated the development of more ecofriendly transportation systems. This study developed a multi-criteria evaluation framework to evaluate the effectiveness of traffic calming measures (TCMs) from the various perspectives at the road network level; operational efficiency, traffic safety, environmental and health impacts. The proposed methodology employs four-step sequential simulation experiments, including driving, traffic flow, emissions, and air dispersion simulations. The results obtained from these four simulations are used to evaluate the effectiveness in terms of safety and operational efficiency in addition to environmental and health impacts. A multi-criteria value function based on the weights estimated from the analysis of an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is applied in the evaluation framework. As an application, chicanes and speed humps widely implemented in Korean school zones were evaluated at the road network level. The proposed simulation-based approach is expected to be effectively used for the decision-making process in selecting better alternatives for TCM.The Korea government (MSIP) (NRF-2017R1A2B4005835)

    Wound Healing Effect of Nonthermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet on a Rat Burn Wound Model: A Preliminary Study

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    Worldwide, an estimated 6 million patients seek medical attention for burns annually. Various treatment methods and materials have been investigated and developed to enhance burn wound healing. Recently, a new technology, plasma medicine, has emerged to offer new solutions in wound care. As the development of plasma medicine has shown benefit in wound healing, we aimed to assess the effects of plasma medicine on burn wounds. To investigate the effectiveness of a nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet (NAPPJ) for burn wound treatment on a brass comb burn wound rat model. Burn wounds were made by applying a preheated brass comb (100 degrees C) for 2 minutes, which resulted in four full-thickness burn wounds separated by three interspaces. Interspaces were exposed to NAPPJ treatment for 2 minutes and morphological changes and neutrophil infiltration were monitored at 0, 4, and 7 days post-wounding. The percentage of necrotic interspace was higher in the control group than in the plasma-treated group (51.8 +/- 20.5% vs 31.5 +/- 19.0%, P ˂.001). Moreover, the exposure of interspace to NAPPJ greatly reduced the number of infiltrating neutrophils. In addition, the percentage of interspace that underwent full-thickness necrosis in the plasma-treated group was smaller than that in the control group (28% vs 67%). NAPPJ exposure on interspaces has a positive effect on burn wounds leading to wound healing by reducing burn injury progression.His research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Plannig (NRF-2018M3A9F7062526). The fund did not participate in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation, writing of the report, and decision to submit article for publication

    A Study on the Protection Idea of Copyright in East Asian Traditional Legal System - Using <To Steal a Book Is an Elegant Offense> by William P. Alford as a Material -

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    윌리엄 앨퍼드(William P. Alford) 교수는 그의 유명한 저서 [책 도둑질은 고상한 범죄(To Steal a Book Is an Elegant Offense: Intellectual Property Law in Chinese Civilization)]에서 중국, 대만 등 동아시아에 속하는 국가들에서 지적재산권의 보호 관념이 발전하지 않은 이유로서 유교사상을 거론하고 있다. 개인의 자유와 권리보다는 사회질서를 중시하는 유교사상이 지적재산을 보호하는 관념보다는 이를 공유하는 사고방식을 중시하였다는 것이다. 동아시아 국가에서 과거 수천 년에 걸쳐 유교사상이 국가의 통치원리로서 그리고 개인과 사회의 윤리규범으로서 작동해 왔다는 점에서, 앨퍼드 교수가 그의 저서에서 전개하는 위와 같은 분석은 역사적 사실에 부합하는 것으로서 타당하다고 할 수 있다. 윌리엄 앨퍼드 교수의 연구에 따르면, 중국은 서구보다 몇 세기나 일찍 인쇄가 시작되었으면서도 저작권법이 존재하지 않았는데, 중국 문화가 과거와의 연속성을 강조하고 새로운 것을 회의적으로 바라보았다는 점에서 그 까닭을 찾는다. 그에 따르면, 복제행위에 대한 중국의 관용적 태도는 수천 년 문화적 역사의 산물이다. 앨퍼드 교수가 중국 역사의 맥락에서 서구의 저작권 제도를 분석한 것은 다음과 같은 점을 시사한다. 중국에서 복제한다는 것이 함축하는 의미는 서구에서의 그것과 전혀 다르다. 중국인의 복제에 대한 태도는 중국 문화에서 지식, 윤리적 지침 및 창작적 표현의 원천으로서 과거를 중요시하는 것과 관련이 있다. 중국은 과학과 혁신에서 눈부신 성과를 거둔 사회로 거론되지만, 중국에는 지적재산권에 해당하는 법적 또는 관습적 제도는 존재하지 않았다. 이것은 중국이 어떻게 지적재산권이 존재하지 않는 상황에서 과학과 혁신에서 이처럼 인상적인 실적을 세울 수 있었는지 하는 문제를 제기한다. 앨퍼드 교수는 지적재산권법 제정을 저해한 요소로 문자를 아는 사람이 제한적이었고 대규모 상업적 혁신을 가능하게 할 근대적 기업이 없었다는 점을 언급하고 있다. 아마도 이러한 요소들은 복제의 수요를 줄이고 비용을 늘려 저작권법의 필요성을 감소시켰을 것이다. 재산에 관한 규범은 다른 대부분의 규범과 마찬가지로 사회의 일정한 기본적인 도덕에 기인한다. 예컨대, 서구의 저작권법은 개인의 창조성과 개인의 권리의 중요성을 장려하는 예술관을 반영하지만, 동아시아에는 실질적으로 그것에 유사한 사고방식을 발견하기 어렵다. 지적재산권, 과학 그리고 경제발전이라는 세 가지 요소의 연관성은 필연적이고 보편적인 것이라기보다는 우발적이고 지역적인 성격이라는 것을 역사는 우리에게 가르쳐 준다. Professor William Alford is asking the Confucian idea why the intellectual property rights protection in the countries belonging to East Asia such as China and Taiwan is not thorough in his famous book <To Steal a Book Is an Elegant Offense: Intellectual Property Law in Chinese Civilization>. It is a fact that Confucian thought, which emphasizes social order rather than individual freedom and rights, emphasizes sharing rather than private ownership of knowledge, and these countries have taught the thought of the state over the past few centuries. As a principle, it is said that such analysis is reasonable in that it has been regarded as an ethical norm for individuals and society. According to William Alford’s study, the absence of copyright law in China, despite the fact that printing had begun there centuries before it began in the West, has been attributed in part to the emphasis the Chinese culture placed on continuity with the past, and to its suspicion of novelty. He argues that Chinese tolerance towards ‘copying’ is a product of thousands of years of cultural history. Alford’s analysis of copyright law in the Chinese context suggests that the connotations of copying in China are totally different from what they are in the West. The Chinese attitude towards copying has much to do with the importance of the past as a source of knowledge, moral guidance and creative expression in Chinese culture. China is an example of a society that achieved spectacular outcomes in science and innovation, but there was no legal or customary equivalent to intellectual property in China. This raises the question of how China was able to achieve such an impressive track records in innovation in the absence of intellectual property rights. Aford mentions limited literacy and absence of corporate bodies capable of large-scale commercial innovation as factors discouraging the creation of intellectual property law. These factors would have reduced the demand for copying and increased the cost, making copyright law less needful. Property rules, more than most rules, are rooted in the fundamental morality of a given society. Western copyright laws, for instance, reflect a view of art that promotes the importance of individual creativity and individual rights, a view which has no real East Asian parallels. History may teach us that the connection between intellectual property, science and economic development is contingent and local rather than necessary and universal

    국내 MOOC 기반 학습의 메타분석

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    본 연구는 국내 MOOC 기반 학습의 효과 크기와 관련 변수 간 관계의 크기를 확인하기 위한 메타분석으로 , 국내에서 이루어진 MOOC 기반 학습의 성과를 확인하고 MOOC 기반 학습과 관련 변수 간 영향관계들의 양상을 탐색하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, MOOC 기반 학습의 개입의 효과(impact of intervention)를 계산한 결과 일반적인 교실 환경에서 이루어진 전통적 학습과 비교해 유의한 효과 크기를 보이지 않았다. 이는 아직 MOOC 기반 학습의 개입 효과를 통계적으로 유의하게 계산할 수 있을 정도로 개별 연구물의 축적이 충분하지 않은 데서 기인한 것으로 해석된다 . 둘째, MOOC 기반 학습과 관련 변수들 간의 관계 및 방향(strength and direction of a relationship among variables)을 확인한 결과, 변수들 간 관계의 크기가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 분석에 활용된 MOOC 기반 학습과 관련된 변수는 ‘학습 성과’와 ‘지각된 용이성’으로, 따라서 이 변수들은 MOOC 기반 학습과 큰 연관성이 있음으로 해석할 수 있다. 따라서 관련 변수들 간의 관계 또한 MOOC 기반 학습의 이해에 있어 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 향후 MOOC 기반 학습이 의미 있는 양적 확장을 이루기 위해서는 , 다양한 통계적 검증에 활용될 수 있는 체계적인 실증 연구들이 보다 많이 수행되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 MOOC 기반 학습을 설계 및 운영하는 실무자들이 MOOC를 학습에 활용함에 있어, 추가적으로 고려해야 할 관련 변인들을 이해하는 데 도움이 될 수 있다

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