South Health and Policy (Journal)
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Health-related quality of life in hypertensive individuals attending a cardiology clinic in North Lima
No full textQuality of life has a significant impact on a person\u27s well-being, although when illness strikes, this well-being tends to decline, thereby altering the person\u27s lifestyle. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the quality of life in relation to health in hypertensive patients who visit a cardiology clinic in northern Lima. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a total population of 124 hypertensive individuals. The results show that 13.7% (n=17) have a very low quality of life in relation to their health, 26.6% (n=33) have a low quality of life, 9.7% (n=12) have an average quality of life, 43.5% (n=54) have a high quality of life, and 6.5% (n=8) have a very high quality of life. In conclusion, health assessments should be carried out on the population to detect risk factors and hypertension at an early stage
Quality of life in hypertensive individuals attending a health facility in North Lima
No full textLa calidad de vida es uno de los principales factores que contribuye en el bienestar de salud de la persona ya sea en buen estado de salud o con alguna enfermedad presente, por lo que su objetivo de investigación es determinar la calidad de vida en personas hipertensas que acuden a un establecimiento sanitario de Lima Norte, 2022. Es un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, con una población total de 150 pacientes diagnosticados con hipertensión arterial, que respondieron un cuestionario de aspectos sociodemográficos y el cuestionario calidad de vida en hipertensos. En los resultados podemos observar que, 71,3% (n=107) tienen una calidad de vida buena, 8% (n=12) una calidad de vida regular y 20,7%(n=31) una calidad de vida mala. Se concluye que, se debe promover los conocimientos acerca de como mejorar su calidad de vida a pacientes con HTA, y que factores pueden poner en riesgo su salud si no se controla de una manera adecuada
Alcoholism as a social determinant of oral diseases
No full textIntroduction: Alcoholism, as a public health problem, has significant systemic and oral consequences. The oral cavity reflects many of these alterations, such as caries, periodontal diseases, and precancerous lesions. This study addresses the impact of alcohol on oral health in older adults, highlighting the importance of health status analysis as a tool for risk identification.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted at Clinic No. 10 of the Párraga Polyclinic between May and June 2013. An intentional sample of 12 patients with a history of chronic alcohol consumption was selected. Home visits, structured interviews, and clinical oral examinations were conducted. Demographic data, educational level, and dental diagnosis were collected. The data were processed using descriptive statistics.Results: Of the 12 patients, 7 were men and 5 were women, with the 61-70 age group predominating. Fifty-eight point three percent had dental caries, the same percentage had periodontal disease, and 25% had precancerous lesions. An association was found between chronic alcoholism and poor oral health, influenced by factors such as poor hygiene, malnutrition, and xerostomia.Conclusions: The study reaffirms that alcoholism seriously affects oral health, especially in older adults. Preventive and educational actions need to be reinforced in primary care, taking into account the social determinants of health. Health situation analysis is key to prioritizing interventions
Malaria behavior in adult patients. Cacolo Municipal Hospital, Lunda Sul, Angola
No full textMalaria is a disease caused by a Plasmodium parasite, transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. With the objective of determining the behavior of malaria from January 2020 to December 2021 in the municipality of Cacolo, Lunda Sul, Angola, a cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out. The universe was made up of 26 252 patients and the sample was made up of 11 506 patients, having the approval of the institution and consent to carry out this work. The female sex predominated with 63,0% and the age group of 15-19 years with 14,1%; 98,4% of the patients reported fever; 96,5% were uncomplicated cases of malaria; the most used drug combination was Artemether/Lumefantrine (52,6%); 16,3% of pregnant women had at least one episode of malaria; complications predominated in the female sex 57,8%; the most frequent complication was cerebral malaria with 48,8% and there were 0,3% deaths
Health and safety at work in a financial company in 2023
No full textThe research addressed the influence of occupational health and safety in a financial company during 2023. It focused on identifying working conditions, the risks to which employees were exposed, and the preventive measures implemented by the organisation. A qualitative approach with an experimental design was used, applying interviews to six workers in the commercial area. The results showed that the company offered regular training, occupational medical examinations, internal medical care, and protocols during the pandemic, reflecting an institutional interest in the well-being of its staff. However, deficiencies were detected in the signage of evacuation routes and in the design of the physical space, which compromised safety in emergencies. In addition, employees reported physical ailments due to exposure to ergonomic risks and stress resulting from demanding targets and long hours. The lack of preventive measures by the workers themselves was also a recurring factor in accidents. It was concluded that, although an institutional occupational health framework existed, it was necessary to strengthen preventive awareness, optimise evacuation routes and provide emotional support. The company demonstrated an effort to ensure safe conditions, but greater two-way commitment was required. Finally, recommendations were proposed focusing on awareness, more frequent medical evaluations, and improvement of the physical work environment to reduce risks and improve organisational performance
Life satisfaction and its relationship with the mental health of older adults in marginal urban areas of Carabayllo
No full textLife satisfaction among older adults is important for their personal assessment of the quality of their own experiences and for their personal well-being. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine life satisfaction and its relationship with mental health among older adults in marginal urban areas of Carabayllo. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a population of 270 older adults who responded to a questionnaire on sociodemographic aspects and a life satisfaction scale. The results showed that 54 (20%) of the older adults were dissatisfied with life, 32 (11.9%) were slightly dissatisfied, 39 (14.4%) were neutral regarding life satisfaction, 84 (31.1%) were satisfied, and 50 (18.5%) were very satisfied. In conclusion, educational talks should be given to older adults, continuing to promote the experience of positive emotions during this stage of life and allowing them to have greater satisfaction with their lives
Level of resilience in adolescent motherhood attended at a hospital center in Lima
No full textResilience in teenage mothers will play an important role, as it will help them improve their ability to cope with situations that make them vulnerable during pregnancy. Therefore, the research objective is to determine the level of resilience in teenage mothers treated at a hospital in Lima. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, non-experimental study with a total population of 125 teenage mothers who responded to a questionnaire on sociodemographic aspects and the 25-item Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale. The results show that 5 (n=4.3%) have a low level of resilience, 29 (n=25.2%) have a medium level of resilience and 81 (n=70.4%) have a high level of resilience. In conclusion, the adolescent\u27s environment must be assessed, as this will allow us to identify any protective or risk factors that promote resilience
Current strategies for the treatment of MDR-TB in children and adolescents
No full textIntroduction:The article addressed the challenge posed by drug-resistant tuberculosis, particularly in its multidrug-resistant form (MDR-TB). It explained how this variant of the disease required more extensive, toxic and costly treatments compared to susceptible tuberculosis, critically affecting vulnerable populations such as children and adolescents.Development:He explained that treatments for MDR-TB could be standardized or individualized, the latter being more effective but historically long and with multiple adverse effects. He explained that, until 2018, treatments required at least five second-line drugs for 24 months. He also described the standard two-phase treatment for tuberculosis (intensive and consolidation), and how the emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides worsened the results.The article highlighted the impact of newer drugs, such as bedaquiline, delamanid, clofazimine, linezolid and pretomanid, which allowed for shorter, completely oral regimens with less toxicity. He clarified that, although bedaquiline showed great efficacy, its long half-life presented risks if treatment was abandoned or cross-resistance existed.ConclusionHe concluded that MDR-TB constituted a significant challenge for healthcare systems, especially in contexts such as Argentina, where access to medicines, pediatric formulations and adequate diagnostics was limited. Finally, he emphasized the importance of specific research in children and adolescents to improve quality of life, strengthen healthcare policies and move towards more equitable and effective care
Clinical epidemiological characterization of laryngeal cancer, hospital: Abel Santamaría Cuadrado
No full textAn observational, descriptive, retroprospective study was conducted in patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer who attended the central consultation for head and neck cancer in the Pinar del Río Province, in the period 2018 - 2021, with the aim of clinically and epidemiologically characterizing this disease in the province. The universe and sample consisted of 128 patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer who met certain criteria. For information processing, a database was created in SPSS version 11.5 of Windows, with the primary data obtained from the medical records. The results were expressed in number of frequencies and percentages and were represented in tables and graphs for their understanding and presentation. Results: The age group that predominated was 50 to 59 years with 62 patients, (48.4%), with the male sex being the most representative (76.6%) with 98 patients. The skin color that predominated was white (44%). The clinical stage that prevailed most was the relatively late one with 83 patients, (64.8%). The combined treatment was the most used in 60% with 77 patients. The risk factor that was most present in 122 patients was smoking, (95.3%), followed by alcoholism with 97 patients (75.7%). The Municipality that contributed the most cases of this disease was Pinar del Rio with 32 patients, (25%). Consolación del Sur is the second area that contributed the most admissions with 16.4% with 21 patients
Occupational Health and Safety Management: Impact on Work Performance and Risk Prevention
No full textThe research addressed the impact of occupational health and safety on work performance, based on national and international studies. It analysed how working conditions, risk management, and prevention programmes influenced the reduction of occupational accidents and illnesses. At the national level, research such as that by Marcelo and Salazar (2021) demonstrated a strong correlation between adequate working conditions and performance, while studies such as that by Curí (2023) showed the effectiveness of prevention programmes in reducing accident rates. Internationally, authors such as Plùas (2019) and Montenegro (2019) highlighted the lack of regulations and technical training as factors that increased exposure to risks, especially in vulnerable sectors. The role of ergonomics, psychosocial and biological risks, and the importance of training staff in regulations and safe practices were also explored. It was concluded that adequate occupational health and safety management not only prevented harm to workers\u27 integrity but also improved the organisational climate and productivity. Prevention, continuous training and the design of integrated policies were pillars for the sustainability of safe working environments. This study provided a comprehensive overview that identified key practices and recommendations applicable in the context of a financial institution