South Health and Policy (Journal)
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Prevalence of chronic periodontitis according to the new 2018 classification
No full textIntroduction: Periodontitis constitutes an important public health problem due to its high prevalence, and the new 2018 classification aims to establish adequate criteria and timely treatments. Objective: To determine the prevalence of chronic periodontitis, according to the new 2018 classification. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the "Martyrs del Moncada" Provincial Teaching Dental Clinic in Santiago de Cuba, between January 2021 and May 2022. The universe consisted of 462 patients, who had at least six functional teeth and who gave their consent to participate in the study. The variables used were age, sex, prevalence of chronic periodontitis, stages, extension and degrees of progression of the disease, obtained from the individual periodontal medical history and then entered into a data form. Descriptive statistical tables of absolute and relative frequencies were created; as well as the chi-square statistical test with a significance level of 0,05. Results: There was a predominance of females (52,2 %) and the 35- to 59-year-old age group (65,4 %). Chronic periodontitis prevailed in 66,0 % of the patients studied, as well as stage II (38,7 %), localized type (81,3 %), and grade B or moderate disease progression in 68,9 %. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of moderate chronic periodontitis according to the new 2018 classification, significantly characterized by stage II, localized type, and with a risk of moderate or grade B disease progression
Quality of life and oral hygiene habits in schoolchildren aged 11 to 14
No full textIntroduction: Oral diseases affect the quality of life of schoolchildren, especially during the transition period between childhood and adolescence. Objective: To determine the relationship between quality of life and oral hygiene habits in schoolchildren aged 11 to 14. Methods: A basic, quantitative, correlational study with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 237 schoolchildren selected by simple random probability sampling from a population of 618 students. Two validated questionnaires were administered: the CPQ-Esp 11-14 to measure oral quality of life and a structured questionnaire to assess oral hygiene habits. Data analysis was performed in SPSS v. 26 using descriptive statistics using the Spearman coefficient and the Chi-square test. Results: A low positive correlation was found between quality of life and oral hygiene habits (rho = 0.281; p < 0.01). A significant relationship was also found between both variables and the age and sex of the schoolchildren (p < 0.05). "Low" quality of life and "fair" hygiene habits predominated. Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between quality of life and oral hygiene habits, suggesting the need to strengthen educational strategies in oral health from school age
Educational intervention on arterial hypertension in bigger adults
No full textIntroduction: the arterial hypertension is an illness of high prevalencia at world level, often with serious consequences for the life of people that you/they suffer it. Objective: to apply an educational intervention on arterial hypertension in adults bigger than the Clinic Not. 58, First Policlínico of January, Consolation of the South, period 2022-2024. Method: I study descriptive, longitudinal of educational intervention. Universe: adults bigger dispensarizados of the clinic 58 (N=215). it Shows: intentional non probabilística (n=140), theoretical, empiric methods were used and I eat statistical measures the absolute and percentage frequencies. Results: the 70-79 year-old group prevailed (46.4%), feminine sex (60%), level preuniversitario (42.9%), active ocupacionalmente (62.1%). they Prevailed patient with more than 15 years diagnosed hipertensos (44.3%), not controlled HTA (55.7%), non-adherence to the treatment (52.9%), of pharmacological type (87.9%) and I consummate of more than a fármaco hipotensor (72.1%). The most frequent comorbilidades was the illnesses of the heart (68.6%) and diabetes mellitus (47.9%). more than half of the sample it presented factors of risk associated to the arterial hypertension prevailing the comorbilidades (98.6%) and cardiovascular risk (75%). The initial knowledge on the thematic one were low (84.3%) and they were increased after having applied the strategy (87.1%). Conclusions: The adults bigger than the feminine sex presented bigger bias to hypertension descontrolada, not very healthy lifestyles and cardiovascular risk that you/they threaten their quality of life. With the applied educational intervention, the level of knowledge rose it has more than enough arterial hypertension
Prevalence of risk factors for Type II Diabetes Mellitus in the inhabitants of Parque Chacabuco, Buenos Aires, Argentina
No full textObjective: To determine the prevalence of risk factors for the development of type II Diabetes Mellitus in a sample of adults aged 18 to 60 years in the Parque Chacabuco neighborhood of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires during the period from August to September 2024.Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative study. The FINDRISK survey was used to evaluate the prevalence of risk factor for type II Diabetes Mellitus.Results: 71 individuals were enrolled. 35.21% percent of the sample was between the ages of 18 and 34, 64.79% were female, 71.83% were unmarried, 90.14% were employed, and 45.07% were working under a dependency relationship. According to the FINDRISK Scale, 49.30% of the participants were overweight, 61.97% had a family history of Diabetes, 57.75% were sedentary, 23.97% had a low consumption of fruits and vegetables, 1.41% were hypertensive, and 45.07% had a low risk (<7 points) of developing type II Diabetes Mellitus.Conclusions: This study underscores the significance of recognizing risk factors for Type II Diabetes Mellitus in the Parque Chacabuco neighborhood, including a sedentary lifestyle, overweight, and family history. Obesity and lack of physical activity persist as salient concerns. The FINDRISK Scale identified 11% and 4% of the population at moderate and high risk, respectively, highlighting the need for preventive strategies. Type II Diabetes Mellitus is a condition that can be prevented through lifestyle modifications, including improvements in diet and increased physical activity
Rasmussen\u27s Encephalitis: a rare Autoimmune Encephalitis
No full textIntroduction: Rasmussen\u27s encephalitis is a type of autoimmune encephalitis unusual in adults, an inflammatory, chronic and neurodegenerative brain disorder that manifests itself with treatment-resistant neocortical focal motor seizures. The pathophysiology of this disease has involved viral infections and the existence of antibodies, among other possible etiologies. Due to pharmacological resistance to anticonvulsants, management with immunoglobulin, in most patients, demonstrates clinical improvement and decreased progression. However, the only therapeutic management that seems to give accurate results to date is hemispherectomy.Objective was to describe the risk factors, symptoms and treatments of Rasmussen\u27s Encephalitis.Methods: As it is a disease with scarce bibliography and occasionally rare diagnosis, the study was carried out under a cross-sectional, historical, statistical search supported by a comparative review in the various national and international databases.Conclusions: The authors found a certain discrepancy in certain aspects, an element that, together with the magnitude that this pathology can have and its consequences, reflects the need for study and knowledge on the part of professionals and the health team for an accurate diagnosis in time
Factors that impact in the answer of the ulcers from the diabetic foot to the Heberprot-P®.
No full textIntroduction: the diabetes mellitus constitutes a problem of health to world scale for its growing incidence and for its complications, mainly associated to the vascular damage that you/they usually present, as the ulcer of diabetic foot that can take to the amputation and discapacidad. Objective: to identify the factors that impact in the answer of the ulcers from the diabetic foot to the Heberprot-P® in patient belonging to the policlínico September 5, Consolation of the South, Pinegrove of the River, in the period of January 2022 and January of the 2024. Method: he/she was carried out an observational, analytic, and traverse study. The universe was represented by all the diabetic patients (n=1875) belonging to the selected policlínico and the sample for those with ulcer of the diabetic foot, treaties with Heberprot-P®. (n=28). the theoretical, empiric and statistical methods were used. Results: the patients prevailed with more than 70 years (64.2%), feminine sex (65.3%) and white color of the skin (71%). The arterial hypertension (56.3%) and the obesity (8.6%) they are the observed pathological antecedents. The most frequent localization in the ulcers was the region metatarsiana (28.57%), 60.7% of these lesions healed before the 3 months. the time of cure of the lesion showed statistical relationship with the presence of obesity, tabaquismo and an inadequate feeding and the biggest age. Conclusions: the age, obesity, the tabaquismo and the alimentary habits were factors that impacted in the answer of the ulcers from the diabetic foot to the Heberprot-P®
International Accreditation by the International Evaluation and Accreditation Council (CEAI) of the Union of Universities of Latin America and the Caribbean (UDUALC) at the Latin American School of Medicine. Analysis of a transformative institutional experience
No full textThe outcome of the evaluation process for Institutional and Medical School Accreditation in 2024 is the fruit of a broad and inclusive exercise of consultation, preparation, and organization of evidence in accordance with the guidelines established by the International Evaluation and Accreditation Council (CEAI) belonging to the Union of Universities of Latin America and the Caribbean (UDULC). This process demonstrated the talent, commitment, and rich diversity of the university community, whose capacity, dedication, and enthusiasm proved up to the challenges of these times. The process began in 2022 and involved all medical sciences university campuses in the country. The objective of the work was to highlight the experience gained by all work teams in compiling self-assessment reports for the institution and the school, as well as the impact achieved in driving medical universities throughout the country to achieve this status. ELAM\u27s international accreditation was the result of a strategic decision in response to the challenges its graduates faced regarding professional and employment recognition in their countries of origin. Supported by previous achievements of excellence at the national level, the institution demonstrated a solid foundation that was strengthened with the technical support of the CEAI, allowing for rigorous planning consistent with international standards. The ethics, experience, and respect of the peer reviewers, both virtual and in-person, transformed each moment into an opportunity for mutual learning and growth. This process not only highlights the institution\u27s merits but also paves the way for international recognition of degrees and credits, promoting academic mobility and fostering continuous improvement
Endobronchial tumor, diagnosis and clinical and imaging evolution. A case report
No full textIntroduction: Lung cancer has been known since the 19th century, and to date has experienced multiple advances in diagnosis and treatment, which imply a favorable prognosis for the patient. However, worldwide it exhibits high morbidity and mortality rates, it occurs mainly in males, with an average age of 65 years, is closely related to smoking and is notable for its low survival rates, particularly when diagnosed in advanced stages, as often occurs in endobronchial presentation. Objective: To describe the diagnosis and clinical imaging evolution of a patient with an endobronchial tumor. Case presentation: A 56-year-old male patient, a smoker and a carpenter by profession, who began to present chest pain and a dry, irritating cough and went to the family doctor. A series of complementary tests were prescribed, which yielded pathological results, including a chest X-ray, which supported the initial diagnosis, and a computed axial tomography (CT) scan, which confirmed the presence of an endobronchial tumor. Oncological staging and follow-up were performed, and despite complications that arose due to the patient\u27s withdrawal from the consultation, the patient progressed well. Conclusions: Early diagnosis of lung cancer based on clinical methods and imaging studies is essential. This can improve survival and reduce the physical, emotional, and social impact on the patient and their family, as demonstrated in our clinical case. A multidisciplinary approach is essential, combining technology, clinical knowledge, and human sensitivity to provide comprehensive care and improve the patient\u27s quality of life.
Information architecture for process management at the UCM Pinar del Río Student Residence
No full textInformation management is key to knowledge management and innovation processes and extremely important for decision-making and process improvement, hence its importance in educational centres. As part of universities, university residences are centres that provide accommodation for university students. Their aim is to provide the university community with basic comfort and the necessary facilities to enhance their studies and work, playing an important role in the educational, political and ideological work of their members. This generates a large amount of information, the readability, security and maintenance of which is not always possible. Therefore, the objective is to develop the information architecture for process management in the UCM Pinar del Río Student Residence. The technological innovation research was carried out following the software development methodology for Extreme Programming and applying theoretical and empirical methods for the analysis, review and modelling of the processes to be computerised. As a result, all objects were designed with their respective attributes, which made it possible to bring together all the information handled in the residence. In general, a computer prototype was developed that will allow all information related to control in the student residence of the University of Medical Sciences to be grouped together, thus providing consultation services in a fast and efficient manner
Impact of neurological complications on subarachnoid hemorrhage
No full textIntroduction: Subarchnoid hemorrhage (SAH) constitutes a severe neurological emergency associated with high morbidity and mortality. Represents 5% of strokes. Its forecast varies according to its etiology, initial severity snd appearance of secondary complications.Aim: Characterize the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage at the Dr. Miguel Enríquez hospital.Methods: an observacional, descriptive and retrospective study was carried out at the Dr. Miguel Enriquez Surgical Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024. The qualitative variables were summarized in absolute frequencies and percentages. The quantitative variables in mean and standard deviation. To evaluate the association between qualitative variables, Fisher\u27s exact test was applied.Results: a total of 67 patients with a diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage were evaluated. The average age was 59 years (SD= 18.2). The average of the Glasgow scale in the sample studied was 11.2 (SD= 4.87). Seizures (31.3%) predominated. The most frequent non – neurological complication was bacterial bronchopneumonia (49.3%). The analysis of the association between mortality and neurological complications revealed that the rebleeding (p< 0.001) and the severe Glasgow (p< 0.001) presented a statistically significant relationship with a higher risk of mortality.Conclusions: the identification of factors associated with mortality is key and allows to prioritize early evaluation strategies aimed at the prevention of complications