Seminars in Medical Writing and Education
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Ethical considerations in prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling
Get PDFIntroduction: Prenatal diagnosis, the most widely used reproductive option in the world, refers to methods used to study the health of the fetus. One of the objectives is to detect congenital malformations during fetal development and allow for pregnancy termination. An ethical approach, based on respect for individuals and confidentiality, while avoiding harm and respecting autonomy, are the keys to optimal genetic counseling. Objective: To present some ethical considerations regarding medical genetics as a healthcare practice. To this end, discussion will be based on the fundamental principles of bioethics related to prenatal diagnosis and the genetic counseling process. Results: Ethical considerations in medical genetics are a relatively new topic influenced by the advancement of bioethics and the resolution of ethical and social dilemmas in medical practice. Conclusions: In the field of prenatal diagnosis, ethical, social, and legal conflicts that require careful resolution may arise. Physicians must adhere to bioethical principles such as autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence in their professional practice. These principles serve as fundamental norms for their conduct, providing a foundation for reasoning and guiding actions in the genetic counseling process.
Keywords: medical ethics; bioethics; prenatal diagnosis; genetic counseling
Distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience at a public university
Get PDFObjective: Evaluate the performance of distance education in the Accounting and Business Administration programs at a public university during the Covid-19 pandemic.Methods: A quantitative, field, observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional research was conducted based on the positivism paradigm. The sample consisted of 23 professors, and was obtained through a non-probabilistic, intentional sampling. All participants met the inclusion criteria. Results: The study results indicate that the contents achieved the intended objectives, adhered to the set timeline, and remained current. Nonetheless, 57% of the professors reported poor attendance in virtual sessions, leading to incomplete coverage of subject´s content. 100% of participants had access to a computer, while 70% reported having good Internet connectivity. The virtual classroom was the most frequently used communication tool (61%), followed by WhatsApp (5%).Conclusion: Based on the evaluation of instructional time, professor-student communication, and student participation, the distance education process was deemed appropriate. On the other hand, professors reported differences in the use of instructional strategies, institutional resources, and learning assessmen
The Effect of Perceived Risks on Doctors’ Telemedicine Adoption: A Structural Equation Modelling Analysis
Get PDFThe explosive increase in telemedicine has revolutionized the distribution of health care by providing sufficient benefits in terms of ease and access. However, the perceived risks using the health care provider\u27s desire to use telemedicine system, which is important for their success. Research examines how perceived risks influence physicians\u27 intentions to adopt telemedicine, with a focus on communication dynamics between healthcare professionals and telemedicine providers. By analyzing the relationships between risk perceptions, attitudes, and adoption behavior using structural equation modelling (SEM), research highlights the critical role that communication plays in shaping doctors\u27 adoption decisions. A standardized questionnaire was used to gather information from 300 doctors across a range of medical disciplines. Seven key factors were examined: perceived advantages, technological difficulty, privacy risk, financial risk, social risk, performance risk, and trust in telemedicine. To uncover the underlying structure of these factors and the role of communication in managing perceived risks, the data were initially set through an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Regression analysis then explored how these variables influenced adoption intentions. The findings revealed that while financial and social concerns had a minor impact, performance and privacy issues considerably reduced physicians\u27 willingness to use telemedicine. Adoption intentions were positively impacted by perceived advantages; trust in telemedicine, and effective communication about the technology\u27s benefits. Research provides insight into factors affecting telemedicine decision, addresses alleged risk to health care leaders and decision makers and advises to build trust through effective communication strategies
Investigating the Ethical Dimensions of Public and Professional Perceptions of Organ Donation Legislation
Get PDFThe ethical dimensions of public and professional perceptions of organ donation legislation focus on autonomy, consent, and fairness. It compares the views of the general public and healthcare professionals regarding different policies. The objectives are to assess ethical concerns related to organ donation, explore differences in public and professional perceptions, and identify key factors influencing support for organ donation legislation. Surveys will be distributed to the public and healthcare professionals. A total of 1,456 individuals were invited, with 987 completing the survey publicly, including healthcare professionals such as doctors, nurses, bioethicists, legal experts, and transplant patients. Key variables include ethical concerns about autonomy, support for opt-in vs. opt-out systems, awareness of ethical issues in organ donation legislation, and perceived fairness of organ allocation systems. Data will be analyzed using IBM SPSS 25, with descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and t-tests to identify significant differences between public and professional perceptions, as well as relationships between ethical concerns and demographic factors. Descriptive statistics frequencies, means, and percentages summarized the demographic information and responses related to ethical concerns and policy support. T-tests were used to compare the means between two groups: public vs. professionals, specifically regarding their support for opt-in/opt-out systems. It will provide insights into ethical challenges in organ donation policies, highlighting the need for more transparent public education and ethical policy reforms that balance autonomy and public health needs
Ethical Challenges in Pharmaceutical Marketing: A Multidimensional Analysis of Healthcare Industry Practices
Get PDFPharmaceutical marketing plays a crucial role in shaping healthcare practices, influencing both medical professionals and consumers. However, ethical concerns have emerged regarding deceptive advertising, financial incentives for healthcare providers, and the exploitation of vulnerable populations. The objective is to assess how various marketing strategies influence public and healthcare professionals\u27 ethical perceptions of pharmaceutical industry practices and identify areas for improvement in regulatory frameworks. Independent variables include Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA), Financial Incentives (FI) to healthcare providers, Transparency of Drug Information (TDI), Regulatory Compliance (RC), and Public Trust (PT) in the pharmaceutical industry. The dependent variable is the Ethical Perception of Pharmaceutical Marketing(EPPM),measured by the perceptions of healthcare professionals and patients on the ethical practices in pharmaceutical marketing and their trust in the industry. Data is collected through surveys of 306 healthcare professionals and 216 patients, along with interviews with pharmaceutical executives, using descriptive statistics and regression analysis in SPSS 25. Regression analysis reveals significant correlations between pharmaceutical marketing practices and public trust. Descriptive statistics were performed to identify relationships between revealed varying levels of ethical concerns, particularly related to DTCA and financial incentives. The findings suggest that increased transparency, adherence to regulations, and ethical advertising could improve industry practices and enhance public confidence in pharmaceutical companies
The Family Medicine specialist. Regularities in his professional development on rheumatoid arthritis
Get PDFIntroduction: Postgraduate education in Cuba fosters professional development in one of the specialties that has had the greatest impact on the national health system, Family Medicine (FM). The current research aims to identify the existing regularities in the professional development of FM specialists in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), at the Hermanos Cruz University Polyclinic in Pinar del Río.Methods: The dialectical-materialist method was assumed as a general method that allowed revealing the contradictions existing in the process of professional development of MF specialists regarding early diagnosis in patients with RA. In addition, theoretical, empirical and statistical-mathematical methods were used.Results: Theoretical and practical deficiencies were found in the knowledge of MF specialists regarding the identification of risk and protection factors, warning signs and educational pathways for the early diagnosis of RA, a limited development of skills for the application of general procedures and a limited conception of RA, which restricts the development of attitudes of commitment and awareness of the aspects that must be taken into account for the early diagnosis of the disease, which limits professional performance.Conclusions: The professional development of rheumatoid arthritis at the Hermanos Cruz University Polyclinic has limitations in integrating its content into an adequate early diagnosis, which hinders the efficient performance of Family Medicine specialists in Primary Health Care
Science with conscience: researcher\u27s responsibility to society
No full textThe social responsibility of the researcher has been a recurring topic of debate in the 20th century and the beginning of the current one, since Science and technology have given man innumerable successes that improve his life; at the same time they show their dark side by placing humanity before the possibility of a world conflagration. On the other hand, it is expected that the researcher, from the humblest sphere to the highest, be an honest person and put their discoveries at the service of society. We will mention in a general way some cases cited by Agin (2008), Morin\u27s (1984) perspective on the need for a science with conscience, assimilating all this to a decolonizing approach. We also seek to demystify scientific endeavor so that it is seen as just another development in the history of mankind but in no way as a panacea that can solve all our existential problems, let alone give meaning and flavor to our lives. We used the Critical Thinking method, a category of the Social Sciences, adopted by the center of Free Thought, in Colombia. We took various authors who refer to the responsibility of the researcher from the social ethical plane, such as Zapata and Acevedo (2003), Morín (1984), among others. All this within the framework of the idea of the decolonization of knowledge. We conclude that science is a power desired by politics and economics to serve monetary interests; it is no longer that solitary activity, marked by the beauty of theoretical constructions
Educating for equity: A mapping of challenges and opportunities in medical training in contexts of social inequality
Get PDFIntroduction: Equity in medical education is a determining factor for the training of health professionals and the equitable distribution of medical services. However, socioeconomic inequalities persist that affect access and retention in medical training programs, limiting diversity in the field and perpetuating gaps in healthcare. This study aimed to conduct a scoping review to identify the main challenges and opportunities in medical education in contexts of social inequality. Methods: A scoping review was carried out following the Arksey and O\u27Malley methodological framework, complemented by the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Academic databases were searched to select studies published in the last ten years. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to ensure the relevance of the findings.Results: Various barriers were identified that limit access to medical education, including economic difficulties, the concentration of institutions in urban areas and the lack of inclusive policies. Likewise, strategies that have demonstrated effectiveness in promoting educational equity were analyzed, such as scholarship programs, community-based education, and curricular reforms.Conclusions: Despite progress, challenges persist in reducing inequalities in medical training. It is necessary to implement more inclusive policies and evaluate their impact on health equity. Future research should focus on the effectiveness of educational models that seek to reduce these gaps
The use of gamification in academic scenarios of the Colombian National Army
Get PDFCurrently, technology constitutes a large percentage of daily consumption, which affects people\u27s cognitive development. The Military Forces, through Gamification, have adapted to the lifestyle of their students by implementing electronic devices in their teaching. Gamifying a class, that is, using elements found in games, video games and technology, can serve to develop skills and encourage student attention during the learning process. Thus, the objective was to reflect on the use and applicability of gamification in the learning processes of the Colombian National Army and Military Intelligence, for which knowledge was appropriated through the available literature that has been disseminated on the subject, in order to characterize the advantages generated by technology and games in military training and in the work of Military Intelligence, such as motivation, prior knowledge in military capabilities, information analysis, anticipation of situations, improvement in decision making, operational control, among others. It is concluded that gamification in the Military Forces and in Military Intelligence provides advantages to the development of teaching activities and consequently to military operations and information analysis
The Social Impact of Postgraduate Education in Nursing
Get PDFPostgraduate education plays a key role in the professional development of nursing, providing advanced knowledge, specialized skills, and a comprehensive understanding of the discipline. This level of education not only enhances clinical practice but also significantly contributes to research and the generation of new knowledge. In a globalized world, nursing demands highly trained professionals who integrate theory, practice, and research to create a positive societal impact.Objective: To analyze the significance of postgraduate education in nursing from the perspective of its social impact, based on scientific evidence.Methodology: An integrative review was conducted, selecting 10 scientific articles from the Scielo and Redalyc databases, based on the inclusion criteria: publications in indexed journals in Spanish, Portuguese, or English, from the period 2008-2022.Conclusion: Postgraduate education in nursing has a significant social impact by fostering scientific production, the development of specialized skills, and critical reflection on the science of care. It is concluded that nurses with master\u27s and doctoral degrees represent a highly qualified human resource, particularly in the areas of research and teaching