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Eating behavior of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder who attend a group in a commune in the region of Ñuble, Chile
Get PDFIntroduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects feeding behavior, causing nutrient deficiencies and affecting overall nutritional status. In the rural population, children and adolescents with ASD are especially vulnerable to these effects. This study sought to determine the feeding behavior of children and adolescents with ASD in a commune of Chile.Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study with 21 children and adolescents from the “Tesoros del Infinito” group in El Carmen. A personal history questionnaire and the Brief Autism Mealtime Behaviors (BAMBI) were used to assess eating behavior, together with anthropometric measurements.Results: 90.48 % of the sample were male, 61.90 % were school children, 57.14 % were from urban areas and 52.38 % were obese. The global BAMBI score was 42.86 ± 6.67 with an internal consistency of 0.74.Conclusion: The eating behavior of children and adolescents with ASD attending a child and family support group is consistent with the available international evidence of children and adolescents with ASD attending educational institutions
Comparative Syntax of Secondary Academic Texts Across English and Ukrainian in Scientific Domains
Get PDFIntroduction: Effective communication in modern science depends on many factors, including the syntactic organisation of academic texts, which allows for accurately conveying the essence of information, avoiding contradictory or double reading, and formulating ideas, concepts, and strategies. This article aims to analyse the syntactic features of school academic texts.Methods: To this end, the specific features of scientific communication of this type and the specifics of scientific thinking have been investigated.Results: The study\u27s results will help improve the effectiveness of tools in scientific communication and deepen the methodological foundations of scientific discourse. The study analysed a large corpus of secondary scientific and academic texts (abstracts, reviews, abstracts, theses, and dissertations), describing and comparing the specifics of syntactic structures in Ukrainian and English; formulated specific recommendations and conducted a statistical analysis of the levels of comprehension of secondary scientific (academic) texts in the languages compared. It is established that secondary educational and scientific texts differ in the syntactic organisation of the text depending on the field of knowledge.Conclusions: Thus, the humanities are characterised by emotional syntax with rhetorical figures emphasising interpretation, while in technical texts, syntax is subject to strict logic and argumentation. The presence of descriptive constructions and emotional colouring characterises the syntax of scientific texts in the humanities. In contrast, technical fields are characterised by analytical sentence structure and syntax based on logical grammatical constructions
AI in the university: ethical and strategic diagnosis for a responsible integration in higher education
Get PDFThe rapid emergence of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly generative AI, is reshaping study practices in higher education, offering opportunities for pedagogical innovation while also raising ethical dilemmas, regulatory tensions, and academic risks. In Ecuador, the institutional integration of AI remains incipient and uneven, making contextualized assessments essential for guiding responsible decision-making. This study evaluates, from an ethical and strategic perspective, the use, perceptions, and AI literacy of students from Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC) and Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE (Latacunga campus) as a basis for proposing guidelines for responsible integration of AI in higher education. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and comparative design was applied to an intentional sample of 400 students using a validated five-point Likert-type questionnaire (global α > .80) measuring five dimensions: academic use, perceived benefits, ethical risks, perceived literacy and institutional governance, and willingness toward responsible integration. Findings reveal frequent use of AI for information retrieval, writing support, and comprehension of academic content, alongside a generally positive valuation of AI as a learning resource. However, students also express concerns regarding plagiarism, reduced critical-thinking skills, algorithmic biases, and the absence of clear institutional policies. Significant differences were observed between universities in declared AI literacy and awareness of governance frameworks, with ESPE reporting slightly higher levels. Despite these variations, both groups show strong willingness to receive training and engage in responsible AI integration initiatives. Overall, the study concludes that while AI is already embedded in students’ academic routines, ethical and pedagogical governance remains underdeveloped, highlighting the need for explicit institutional policies, critical AI literacy programs, and participatory mechanisms to support responsible integration in Ecuadorian higher education
Self-Care of Family Caregivers of People Peritoneal Dialysis
Get PDFIntroduction: Self-care of family caregivers of people on peritoneal dialysis is essential to preserve their physical, emotional, and social well-being, as well as to ensure the quality of patient care. Frequent caregiver burden and associated stress make it necessary to systematize evidence on self-care strategies and protective factors.Objective: To analyze the dimensions of self-care in family caregivers of people on peritoneal dialysis.Methods: An integrative systematic review was conducted in LILACS, SciELO, Pubmed and RedALyC using the descriptors and keywords: “self-care,” “family caregiver,” and “peritoneal dialysis,” combined with the Boolean operators AND and OR. Original studies and reviews published between 2014 and 2024, in Spanish or Portuguese, that addressed self-care, caregiver burden, and coping strategies in caregivers of peritoneal dialysis patients were included. Incomplete texts, studies focusing on pediatric populations, or those exclusively on hemodialysis were excluded. Study selection and data extraction followed PRISMA guidelines, and synthesis was performed narratively, identifying patterns, protective factors, and limitations.Results: Caregivers experience physical and emotional burden, stress, and alterations in health habits. Continuous education, active coping strategies, and participation in support networks are key protective factors. Self-care is conceived as a conscious process that requires professional guidance and institutional recognition.Conclusions: Self-care in family caregivers of people on peritoneal dialysis is a set of practices aimed at maintaining and improving overall well-being, directly impacting the quality of patient care. These findings highlight the need for nursing policies and strategies that strengthen caregiver support
A multidimensional study on the tensions between flagrancy and human rights in Ecuador
Get PDFThis article examines the interaction between flagrancy and fundamental rights in Ecuadorian Criminal Law, with a critical focus on the ethical, legal and social implications that arise in situations of flagrancy. Through a detailed analysis of the different forms of flagrancy, it addresses how these situations impact fundamental principles such as the presumption of innocence, due process and proportionality in the intervention. In this context, the tension between the need for procedural efficiency and the protection of human rights is highlighted, especially under adverse social and economic conditions, such as corruption and inequality. The study focuses on the importance of procedural guarantees, such as access to a technical defense, respect for human dignity and compliance with international standards in the Ecuadorian criminal procedural system. In addition, the use of Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps (MCN) is incorporated to model the complexities inherent in decision-making in flagrante delicto situations, allowing an in-depth evaluation of the factors that influence the protection of fundamental rights. The results of the analysis suggest that, although legal mechanisms exist to protect the rights of detainees, contextual pressures can compromise the effectiveness of these rights, underscoring the need for a balance between procedural efficiency and social justice
Volatility of SAE 10W30 semi-synthetic and synthetic oil
Get PDFHuman beings, in technological development and as part of the objects created for their benefit, have advanced in the manufacture of various types of vehicles, but users frequently have concerns about the use and advantages of each type of oil required and the existing in the marking. The research carried out a comparative study of the volatility between the lubricating oils Kendall GT-1 Max Motor Oil SAE 10W30 (synthetic) and Kendall GT-1 High Performance Motor Oil SAE 10W30 (semi-synthetic). Among the most crucial characteristics for the proper functioning of a lubricant is volatility, which is why the Noack test was used according to the ASTM D5800 standard to measure it. The tests applied show the existence of a significant difference between the volatility percentages between the two types of lubricating oils, manifested in the data that reflect an average of 8.28% volatility for the synthetic oil and 9.94% for the semi-synthetic. The study made it possible to offer information to users about the references so that synthetic oil is used to a greater extent, by providing better benefits for the operation of the engine, since its characteristics allow minimizing the reduction in volume and has an impact in favor of the useful life. of components that require lubrication and better vehicle care.
CRITIC method: legal, psychological, and social analysis of the process of power detention
Get PDFThe study focused on the legal, psychological, and social analysis of the power detention process. The research aimed to identify the most relevant factors and their interrelations in the consolidation of this phenomenon, considering institutional dynamics, psychological perceptions, and social implications. The method of Criteria Importance through Correlation was used, employing a thorough theoretical review and case analysis of relevant examples that demonstrated different scenarios of power detention in diverse political and social contexts. The results highlighted that institutional weakness, normative gaps, and social crises favor the detention of power, while its psychological and social effects include distrust towards institutions, citizen discontent, and the erosion of social cohesion. Additionally, common patterns were identified in the analyzed processes, such as the strategic use of legitimizing discourses and the instrumentalization of state resources. It was concluded that strengthening democratic structures, promoting a culture of transparency, and designing policies that foster citizen participation is essential to mitigate these impacts and prevent their recurrence. This work offered a novel approach by applying a quantitative method to evaluate a complex phenomenon from an interdisciplinary perspective, combining mathematical tools with the analysis of qualitative and contextual variables
Sunscreen education in the educational community
Get PDFSun protection has been crucial in preventing skin problems caused by ultraviolet radiation, such as premature aging, sunburn and skin cancer. The effectiveness of photoprotectors has not only depended on their sun protection factor, but also on their correct choice and application according to the characteristics of each skin biotype, when considering factors such as texture, oiliness and hydration. In this sense, the present study was aimed at analyzing the adaptation of sunscreens to skin biotypes, so as to promote dermatological health and strengthen the understanding of sun protection in the educational community. To do this, a bibliographic review was used on the relationship between skin biotypes and the selection of sunscreens. The results indicated that creams were more suitable for dry and normal skin, while gels and emulsions benefited oily skin. Likewise, the need to promote continuous education on the correct application of photoprotectors in society was evident. Consequently, it has been concluded that its use should be personalized according to skin type, by promoting awareness in communities, as key strategies to maximize the effectiveness of sun protection
Influence of self-concept and self-esteem on academic achievement
Get PDFSelf-concept is related to different levels: cognitive, emotional-affective and behavioral, being influenced by factors such as attitude and motivation. This perception impacts the way in which the individual values himself, affecting positively or negatively his behavior and the way he interacts with the environment. Its influence on education is reflected in students\u27 self-confidence and academic performance. The research has a quali-quantitative, descriptive and correlational cross-sectional approach. The Self-Concept, Motivation and Learning Strategies Questionnaire was applied to university students, using a direct method. Its objective is to analyze the relationship between self-concept and academic performance, identifying factors that contribute to student excellence
Modern challenges for state-building: interaction between civil society and the state
Get PDFThe involvement of civil society in state-building is a kind of starting point for introducing innovations and active state-building. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive examination of the interplay between the state and civil society within the state-building process, particularly in the context of contemporary global challenges. This study shows how technological advancements and socio-political dynamics shape and influence state-building efforts. The article aims to examine the specific interactions between civil society and the state, identify the main directions of influence of globalization, information technology, political, economic, and socio-cultural factors on state-building, and suggest practical recommendations that can enhance state-building processes