University of Hradec Králové Journals
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Platón a Popper aneb Kritika jedné slavné kritiky
No full textCílem této studie je představení základních tezí sociálně-politické filosofie Karla Raimunda Poppera (jak je zachycena zejména v dílech Bída historicismu a Otevřená společnost a její nepřátelé) a dále kritické zhodnocení aplikace těchto tezí při výkladu Platónovy filosofie. Je probíráno zejména Popperovo obvinění Platóna z tzv. „biologického historicismu“, dále jeho označení platónské teorie spravedlnosti jako „totalitní“ a v neposlední řadě jeho interpretace dialogu Ústava jakožto Platónova „politického programu“ určeného k přímé implementaci v praxi vyvoleným filosofem-králem. V druhé polovině této studie je pak nabídnuto alternativní čtení, v němž se Platónova Ústava vyjeví ve zcela odlišném světle, než v jakém ji vidí Popper
Ethiopian Ethnic Federalism: A “God-Sent” Opportunity for All Ethnic Groups?
Get PDFResults of the implementation of Ethiopian ethnic federalism are remarkably anomalous even after this political order has been in place for more than two decades. Among others, the anomaly is evident within the range of ethnic groups existing at the local level. In particular minorities that share a federal state within majorities have not obtained equitable positive change from the federal system. Investigation of the impact on their social, economic, and political life shows that indeed they are inadequately accommodated to the extent they are promised at the level of constitutional promulgation. For some, the era of federalism has become even the era of old and/ or new predicaments. As an illustration, this article assesses the case of a minority group Known as Kumpal in the lowland of Northwest Ethiopia. Among the all-rounded problems of the Kumpal, the paper only takes into account the case of the unchecked influx of the highland population into their land and some of the predicaments ensuing from them.
Nietzsche o konstitutivní roli rétoriky v názorné zkušenosti (1868–1873)
Get PDFNietzschův zájem o tématiku rétoriky dosáhl prvního pomyslného vrcholu na konci roku 1872 a v první polovině roku následujícího. Průsečíkem textů z tohoto období, tedy eseje O pravdě a lži, univerzitních přednášek a osobních skic, se stala myšlenka, podle které nelze rétorickou aktivitu subjektu redukovat pouze na prostor jazyka; ta je totiž přítomná i po celou dobu konstituce naší názorné zkušenosti. Ve snaze po vysvětlení této pro dějiny rétoriky zcela atypické představy se ovšem budu muset dotknout i několika dobových filosofických tradic, na základě kterých si na konci 60. a na začátku 70. let ujasňoval svá epistemologická východiska. Na závěr se pokusím (bez hlubší kritiky) najít možné paralely mezi touto Nietzschovou představou a teoriemi konceptuálních metafor, které v mnohém předznamenal
Evoluční psychiatrie: Problematická nabídka k evolučnímu pojetí duševních nemocí
Get PDFStať je věnována kritickému rozboru Stevensova (a Priceova) pojetí evoluční psychiatrie. Největší pozornost je věnována problému, jestli je možné uspokojivě propojit poznatky z genocentricky orientované evoluční biologie, klasické etologie a Jungovy analytické psychologie
Institutional Arrangements in Post-Conflict Contexts: the Land Commission and the Governance Commission in Post-War Liberia
Get PDFThe paper analyzes the role of the Land Commission and the Governance Commision in the post-conflict institutional and political landscape in Liberia. Problems related to land still have a high conflict potential in the country, and are interconnected with different fields and aspects of peacebuilding and development. Bad governance is frequently mentioned as one of the causes of the civil war, and governance reform is a large-scale, ambitious project with a crucial impact on the way the country will be administered in the future. Both issues are highly sensitive and belong to the very core of state sovereignty. The paper focuses on the similarities and differences in the functioning of these two bodies in the context of power relations that shape the current political landscape in Liberia, especially with regard to the involvement of internal and external actors.
Klíma, Jan. 2014. Dějiny Kapverdských ostrovů, Svatého Tomáše a Princova ostrova. Praha: Lidové noviny
No full textThe impact of Fair Trade on the living standards of farmers in Ghana. Social cooperatives and corporate cooperatives
Get PDFFair Trade is a complex movement, but its central purpose is to help disadvantaged small producers from developing countries through trade. The most recognized aspect of the movement is Fairtrade International, the biggest Fair Trade certification organization. The system was created to give advantages in international trade for farming cooperatives who decided to join the movement. Although in last 20 years of Fair Trade growth there have been many studies of the movement, there has only been one wide spectrum survey on the impact of Fair Trade on rural producers. Many others were concentrated at other aspects of the movement or were irrelevant. The research presented here is the first qualitative Fair Trade impact study conducted in Ghana. It also has a wide spectrum and is a part of broader ongoing research in two other regions of the world. Research was conducted to examine Fair Trade’s (in particular Fairtrade International’s) impact on farmers and communities in Ghana by comparing it to farmers and communities that do not benefit from the system. A qualitative study was conducted, based on 75 interviews, among them interviews with farmers of cocoa and oranges, members and employees of cooperatives, owners and employees of food companies and representatives of Fairtrade International. Observations of 5 villages and 1 small town, alongside the interviews conducted, resulted in the conclusion that there are no substantial differences in the standards of living between farmers which are members of cooperatives benefiting from Fair Trade and farmers from the comparison group. The research suggests that small cooperatives and big cooperatives function differently. Small cooperatives are operating in the interest of their members, while big cooperatives are focused on creating business potential. The study revealed that small cooperatives provide more benefits for farmers while the big ones transform into ventures similar to corporations
