University of Hradec Králové Journals
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Tak dobře, trapme ještě chvilku ducha
Get PDFVe své polemice s mou recenzí jeho knihy Tomáš Marvan argumentuje, že debatu mezi realismem a relativismem (či konstruktivismem) lze rozřešit, a to prostřednictvím důkazů ve prospěch realismu. V tomto příspěvku vysvětluji, že podle mne realismus nemůže být prokázán, protože to není teze, kterou by bylo možné dokazovat, ale spíše něco jako kantovská „regulativní idea“. In his polemic reply to my review of his book Tomáš Marvan argues that the debate between realism and relativism (or constructivism) can be resolved, especially by means of evidence in favor of realism. In this contribution I explain that according to me realism cannot be demonstrated, because it is not a thesis that could be supported by evidence, but rather something as a Kantian "regulative idea"
Za které životy netruchlíme? Uražení a ponížení v díle Judith Butlerové
No full textÚvodní část kritické stati stručně představuje autorku a prezentuje strukturu a obsah knihy Rámce války: za které životy netruchlíme?. Zohledněn je širší kontext a zvláštní ohled je věnován představení dosavadní publikační činnosti Judith Butlerové. Cílem je poukázat na to, že tematické zaměření a hlavní ideová východiska knihy mají v celém díle autorky nepopiratelnou kontinuitu.Následující pasáže se zaměřují na zprostředkování vybraných myšlenek více do hloubky, s důrazem zejména na rozbor autorčiny pozice k fenoménu my a oni a vztahu já k druhému. Kromě toho je pozornost věnována i konceptu rámování, v jehož osvojení tkví zvláštní význam pro porozumění hlavním autorčiným závěrům. Hlavní výhrady a polemika příležitostně prostupují celou prací, závěr poskytuje pouze shrnutí. The introductory part of the critical essay briefly introduces the author and presents the structure and content of the book Frames of War: When is Life Grievable?. Special regard is given to the broader context, particularly to referring to other works of Judith Butler that have already been published. The purpose is to point out the fact that the thematic interest and ideological basis of the book are deeply rooted and have undeniable continuity across Butler`s work. The following passages aim to present selected ideas in more detail, with a special focus on the analysis of the author\u27s position to the Us and Them phenomenon or relation between Self and the Other. Besides this, attention is paid to the explanation of the concept called framing, in order to understand its particular importance for drawing key conclusions of the author. Major objections and reasons for disputation occasionally appear throughout the essay, the final part offers summary only
Fiala, Vlastimil. 2015. Politické stranictví v západní Africe (Benin). [Political Partisanship in West Africa (Benin)]. Ústí nad Orlicí-Hradec Králové: OFTIS, 159 pages, Czech language, English summary
Get PDFThe Gendarmerie, (In-)Security and Popular Reaction in West Cameroon, Federal Republic of Cameroon 1961–1964
Get PDFThe presence and activities of the Gendarmerie is as old as French influence in Africa. Since the re-birth of multi-party politics during the 1990s in Cameroon, the military crackdown in erstwhile West Cameroon rekindled old memories of Gendarmerie brutality and popular reaction. As a paramilitary force, it was charged with the provision of security but instead instilled fear and insecurity in the West Cameroon state. This article examines the activities of the Gendarmerie and pays close attention to the tradition and origin of this paramilitary force in West Cameroon. What circumstances led to the introduction of the Gendarmerie in West Cameroon? What was the strength of the West Cameroon security forces before the introduction of the Gendarmerie in 1961? In providing answers to these questions we consulted documents from the National Archives Buea in Cameroon and secondary sources from libraries. These sources reveal that the Gendarmerie force was abhorred by many West Cameroonians. This was because of the brutality of Gendarmes on the civilian population, police and custom officers. The paper also contends that, although the Gendarmerie corps was out to ensure peace and security, it became more or less an insecure force to property and the lives of the West Cameroonian population, as well as to the police and custom officials in West Cameroon
Vykořisťovat
Get PDFPorovnáním významu slovesa vykořisťovat v 19. a 20. století odhalíme jeho dramatickou proměnu: z pojmu neutrálního se stává pojem silně záporný a objevuje se v okolí nových slov jako kapitalista, měšťák, proletář. Tento průnik Marxova idiolektu do češtiny (a do jiných jazyků) s sebou nese několik otázek: proč vnímá Marx tyto pojmy tak vyhraněně? Z jaké pozice, když odmítá morálku jako buržoazní přežitek, odsuzuje vykořisťování? Jeho eschatologicko-dějinný rámec umožňuje čistě negativní polaritu slovesa vykořisťovat a také, bohužel, zakládá jeho autogenocidní potenciál. When comparing the meaning of the verb to exploit between the nineteenth and twentieth century we discover a dramatic transformation: from a neutral term it becomes a purely negative one and collocates with new words such as capitalist, bourgeoisie, proletarian. This penetration of the idiolect of Marx into Czech (as well as other languages) raises several questions: why does Marx use these words in such a categorical way? From what position, having rejected morality as a bourgeois prejudice, does he condemn exploitation? We find that it is his apocalyptic historical frame which enables the purely negative polarity of the verb to exploit as well as its autogenocidal potential
Thompson, Gardner. 2015. African Democracy: Its Origins and Development in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. Kampala: Fountain Publishers, 466 pages
Get PDFChina-Kenya Relations: Analysis of the Kenyan News Discourse
Get PDFAlthough virtually all states in the world adhere to market economy, they have different visions about how the market economyshould work properly. We may identify three main ideal-typical models of market state, welfare state, and developmental state, which are in practice realised by the US, the EU, and Pacific Asia. These ideas about global economy serve as strategic narratives, which are formed within the respective regions, projected into other regions, and received in these other regions. The reception of narratives, particularly by ordinary people, has attracted scholarly attention only very recently and still remains under-studied. This article focuses on the reception of the Chinese narrative towards Africa, which stresses a win-win cooperation based on the “business as usual” approach, with no political interference and no strings attached. Kenya was chosen as a representative case, the discourse analysis of media news discourse as a method, and the leading newspaper The Daily Nation as the source of data. The analysis reveals that the newspaper reproduces this Chinese narrative, while simultaneously challenging it. At least two main constituent parts of this narrative are openly contested on the pages of The Daily Nation: that the Chinese aid to Africa is without conditions and that the Chinese engagement in Africa is selfless and mutually beneficial. Thus, the present article confirms that while Kenyan leadership seems to be charmed by the Chinese narrative, this is not accepted unreservedly within Kenyan society
K metodě kritické teorie a jejímu rozvíjení v „novém čtení Marxe“
Get PDFTato studie se zabývá problémem metody v kritické teorii. Nejprve zkoumá ustavující texty, v nichž založili Horkheimer a Marcuse kritickou teorii jako dialektický a materialistický přístup k analýze kapitalistické společnosti adekvátní její objektivně-abstraktní povaze. Stať diskutuje též Hegela a Marxe, nejdůležitější předchůdce frankfurtské školy, a způsob, jímž kritická teorie čerpá z jejich děl. Dále příspěvek obrací svou pozornost k Adornovým metodologickým postulátům, jež vyústily v analytické kategorie „reálné abstrakce“ a „objektivní konceptuality“. Reichelt a Backhaus vyšli z Adorna, jehož byli žáky, a interpretovali v tradici kritické teorie Marxovo dílo jako úsilí o zachycení určité kvality procesu inverze, v němž je práce, lidská moc ustavující společnost, nahrazena sociálním panstvím kapitalistických abstrakcí, které degradují její tvůrčí potenciál. Nové čtení Marxe dále analyzuje mizení smyslovosti v říši nadsmyslné reality kapitálu jako vůdčí hegeliánský motiv v celé Marxově práci. The essay deals with the problem of method in Critical theory. Firstly, it explores the constituent texts in which Horkheimer and Marcuse founded Critical theory as a dialectical and materialist approach for analysing capitalist society in terms of its objectively-abstract nature. It discusses its most important predecessors – Hegel and Marx – and the way critical theory is based on their works. Secondly, the essay turns its attention to Adorno\u27s methodological postulates that resulted into analytical categories of ‘real abstraction’ and ‘objective conceptuality’. Building upon Adorno, their mentor, Reichelt and Backhaus interpreted, in the tradition of critical theory, Marx\u27s oeuvre as an endeavour to catch determinate quality of the process of inversion in which labour, humanity\u27s constituent power, is displaced and demoted by the social domination of capitalist abstractions. The neue Marx-Lektüre further analyses the disappearance of sensuousness in the realm of supersensible reality of capital as the defining Hegelian motive in Marx