OJS University of Karbala
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Influence of different iron liquid fertilizer doses and applications methods on broccoli (Brassica oleracea) growth and yield through controlled greenhouse environments
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of different iron liquid fertilizer treats and applications methods on broccoli growth and yield. The results shows that lower concentrations of ferox (1 ml L-1) applied by foliar and fertigation methods recorded significantly higher values of plant height, leaf count, chlorophyll content, stem diameter, and shoot weight relative to the control treatments. These positive differences in growth parameters translated into improved overall crop performance and increased yields when compared with the comparison groups. In contrast, increasing the concentration of ferox beyond 1 ml L-1 demonstrated a noticeable decline in growth values, confirming poorer outcomes than the control in some cases and indicating possible toxicity effects at higher doses. This reduction was especially pronounced with the 2 ml L-1 concentration, where foliar application produced significantly lower growth compared with both the control and the fertigation method. Therefore, the best comparative results were consistently obtained at 1 ml L-1, which maximized productivity and enhanced yield, providing greater economic benefits relative to the control and other treatments. Conversely, excessive ferox concentrations caused nutrient imbalances and increased costs, showing negative differences when compared with comparison transactions. The controlled experiment at Bakrajo Technical Institute’s multi-span greenhouses during the 2024-2025 season under CRD design confirmed that precise fertilizer management is critical for optimizing broccoli growth, ensuring maximum efficiency, economic gains, and sustainable crop production
The effect of dietary restriction on productive and microbial traits of broiler chickens
No full textThis study aimed to determine the effect of dietary restriction on certain production and microbial traits of broiler chickens. A total of 210 one-day-old, unsexed Ross 308 commercial hybrid chicks, with an average initial weight of 40 g, were used in the study. The experiment was divided into seven experimental treatments, each consisting of 30 birds, with three replicates per treatment (10 birds/replicate), yet. The final results of the experiment showed a highly significant improvement (P≤0.01) in final body weight and weight gain, as well as a significant difference (P≤0.05) in feed consumption and overall feed conversion efficiency and production index values. Additionally, a considerable superiority (P≤0.05) was observed in the dressing percentage and the logarithmic counts of Lactobacilli bacteria, along with a significant decrease in E. coli bacteria across all restricted treatments when compared to the control treatment. Treatments T3 and T2 achieved the best results among the restricted treatments
Cipher algorithms challenges of IoT applications: A review: Department of Computer, College of Education for Pure Science Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Iraq 3,College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Kerbala
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The enormous developments in the Internet and communications applications present new security challenges, such as sensitive data collection of IoT devices. Cipher algorithms play a key role in IoT applications, countless cryptosystems are presented for securing such applications. Various challenges were intensely presented due to the vast increase in the developments of IoT applications and the requirements of the cipher algorithms which are considered the main challenges for adapting lightweight cryptosystems. Thus, in this study, different cipher algorithms are reviewed and analyzed based on lightweight cryptosystems. Moreover, various features are examined and discussed through the most common cipher algorithms for designing cipher algorithms to be efficient in IoT applications. The result showed the major challenges and factors that should be undertaken when designing cryptosystems of IoT applications. The challenges are experimented with parameters such as key size, computational cost, time, etc. This work would be referenced for developing an efficient cipher algorithm for IoT applications which presents the main factors and challenges that should be considered when designing such cryptosystems.
Face Expression Classification Based On Behavioral Pattern Recognition Using Deep Learning: 1,Department of Computer Systems, Al Nassriyah Technical Institute, Southern Technical University,Thi-Qar, Iraq. 2,3,Department of Information Technology, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Kerbala, karbaka, Iraq. 4,Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq.
No full textIn this study, a novel personal identification and engagement monitoring approach based on facial recognition in online examinations is proposed. First, the proposed Back Propagation Convolutional Neural Network (BPCNN) model uses deep transfer learning to perform student identity verification and to unravel emotional cues indicating engagement. The system includes a serious of comprehensive authentication modules to block unauthorized access and guarantee integrity of testing. Furthermore, facial expressions like happiness, anger, sadness, surprise are captured to get the insights into the variations in student engagement. Likewise, the system does not utilize separate facial expression analysis refinements, but indirectly uses emotional cues to improve assessment reliability. The model is shown to have achieved a high accuracy rate of 92% overtaking conventional models against key performance metrics including accuracy, recall, and F1 score. This solution integrates robust facial recognition with indirect emotion based insights for improved security and engagement tracking in e learning environments.
Association The relationship between fibrinogen and the development of foot ulcer inflammation in patients with and without type 2 diabetes: Department of Biology, Collage of Science, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq 2, College of Medicine, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq 4,Consultant orthopedic surgeon
No full textBackground: Diabetes-specific consequences include diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). In DFU a variety of bacterial communities have been found to be involved in the prognosis of infection. Fibrinogen is another easy and reliable indicator of inflammation. It has been observed that individuals with diabetic foot illness have higher levels of this protein.
Materials and Methods: In the current cross-sectional investigation, there were 100 samples total of diabetic type 2; 50 of the patients had type 2 diabetes with foot ulcers, while the other 50 did not. To identify the bacterial species, swab specimens were gathered and cultured.
Results: Based on the statistical analysis of this study, as age, and smoking there are a significant difference in most of the characteristics compared between the study populations. However, when comparing diabetic patients with foot ulcers to those without ulcers, the statistical analysis showed a statistically significant increase in fibrinogen levels. According to bacterial kind, gram-negative bacteria accounted for 78% of bacterial growth and gram-positive bacteria for 22%. The bacterial genera Staphylococcus aureus had the highest percentage of isolates from ulcers (34%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (28%), and Proteus mirabilis (26%).
Conclusion: There are many factors that increase the risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers and lead to a delay in wound healing and thus to amputation of limbs, which are obesity, smoking, and other diseases such as blood pressure and heart disease. In individuals with DFU, fibrinogen levels may be a useful as a marker for tracking the disease\u27s advancement and determining how severe the condition is
Blockchain-Based Digital Identity Management: A Comprehensive Review of Security, Privacy, Regulatory Perspectives, and Future Directions
No full textSecure and reliable digital identity management has become a cornerstone of online transactions and e-government services. Traditional centralized identity systems suffer from vulnerabilities such as single points of failure, data breaches, and limited user control. Blockchain offers a decentralized, tamper-resistant framework enabling self-sovereign identity (SSI), decentralized identifiers (DIDs), and verifiable credentials (VCs).This paper systematically reviews 72 peer-reviewed studies and official standards published between 2016 and 2024, following the PRISMA framework. The included papers were distributed across major publication years, with quality assessment ensuring methodological rigor. Comparative analysis and case studies—including Estonia’s e-Residency, ID2020, Civic, ShoCard, and recent Asian and African initiatives—illustrate global adoption differences in security, privacy, scalability, and interoperability. Beyond immutability and privacy, this study highlights emerging vulnerabilities such as Sybil attacks, quantum threats, and side-channel risks, while also emphasizing AI-driven verification advances. Descriptive statistics and trend visualization support quantitative insight into identity model evolution. The findings recommend hybrid blockchain architectures and regulatory sandboxes as practical pathways for balancing decentralization, compliance, and social inclusion
Association Between Changes in Biochemical Parameters and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Iraqi Patients in Kerbala
No full textBackground :Diabetes mellitus has become a major global health concern and is associated with a wide range of metabolic and biochemical disturbances. The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Iraq, particularly in the Kerbala Governorate, highlights the need to better understand its contributing factors and biochemical correlates. This study aims to evaluate the metabolic profile of adult diabetic patients in Kerbala and to determine the association between diabetes and selected biochemical indicators. Methods: One hundred diabetic adults (40 patient and 10 control) were assessed through medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests, including BMI, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin, zinc, and vitamin D. Results :Age and BMI showed strong correlations with diabetes. BMI distribution was 47.5% healthy weight, 37.5% overweight, 5% obese, and less than 10% underweight. Zinc and vitamin D showed a significant negative relationship, while fasting glucose and HbA1c showed positive correlations. About 65% of participants were on insulin therapy. Conclusion Age, BMI, and changes in zinc and vitamin D levels are important indicators linked to type 2 diabetes. Monitoring these markers may improve disease management
A Secure Hybrid Symmetric Cryptosystem Combining Huffman Coding, Affine Transformation, and Cartesian Graphs
No full textWe present in this research a new data symmetric cryptography model that combines three techniques: Huffman coding for compression, affine transformation for value obfuscation, and the Cartesian product of graphs to create a complex encrypted graph. The suggested model demonstrates enhanced cryptographic strength and adaptability across various document types. It also provides a high level of security due to to owing to the structural complexity of the generated graph and the multi-layered encryption method.We present in this research a new data symmetric cryptography model that combines three techniques: Huffman coding for compression, affine transformation for value obfuscation, and the Cartesian product of graphs to create a complex encrypted graph. The suggested model demonstrates enhanced cryptographic strength and adaptability across various document types. It also provides a high level of security due to to owing to the structural complexity of the generated graph and the multi-layered encryption method
The role of the Green Quality Function Deployment Tool in achieving shared value
No full textتواجه الوحدات الاقتصادية تحديات في مواكبة التطورات التكنولوجية في بيئة الأعمال، مما يؤثر على قدرتها على تقديم منتجات تلبي رغبات الزبائن، يهدف البحث إلى تطبيق أداة نشر وظيفة الجودة الخضراء لتحقيق القيمة المشتركة وجذب انتباه الزبائن لمتطلباتهم، يعزز البحث إدخال المتطلبات الاقتصادية والبيئية في تصميم المنتجات مما يساهم في توليد قيمة للوحدة الاقتصادية والمجتمع، تم اختيار شركة المشروبات الغازية والمياه المعدنية والعصائر كعينة، حيث تسعى لتقديم منتجات خضراء. توصلت الباحثة إلى أن تطبيق الأداة يساعد في تصنيف متطلبات الزبائن، مما يوفر معلومات لفريق التصميم لزيادة فهم ما يريده الزبائن، وبالتالي تقديم منتجات تتميز بميزات تلبي تطلعاتهم.Economic entities face challenges in keeping pace with technological developments in the business environment, affecting their ability to deliver products that meet customer needs. This research aims to apply the Green Quality Function Deployment (GQD) tool to achieve shared value and attract customer attention to their requirements. The research promotes the integration of economic and environmental requirements into product design, contributing to value generation for the economic entity and society. A soft drink, mineral water, and juice company was selected as a sample, as it seeks to deliver green products. The researcher found that applying the tool helps categorize customer requirements, providing information for the design team to better understand what customers want and, consequently, deliver products with features that meet their aspirations
The Role of Authentic Leadership in Improving the Quality of Work Life
No full textتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل أثر أبعاد القيادة الأصيلة (الوعي الذاتي، الشفافية العلائقية، المعالجة المتوازنة، المنظور الأخلاقي) في جودة حياة العمل (ظروف العمل، التوازن الحياتي، النمو المهني، نظام المكافآت، المشاركة) من خلال تطبيق ميداني في كلية الإدارة والاقتصاد – جامعة سومر، في ظل تزايد الضغوط التنظيمية وتراجع فعالية أنماط القيادة التقليدية. اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، باستخدام استبانة أُعدّت استنادًا إلى مقاييس معتمدة، وتم توزيعها على عينة مكونة من (80) موظفًا. تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام الأساليب الإحصائية الملائمة عبر برنامج SPSS v.26، بما في ذلك المتوسطات، والانحرافات المعيارية، وتحليل الانحدار. أظهرت النتائج وجود تأثير معنوي دال إحصائيًا لكل بعد من أبعاد القيادة الأصيلة في جودة حياة العمل، مما يؤكد الدور الفاعل لهذا النمط القيادي في تعزيز بيئة العمل الجامعي. توصي الدراسة بتبني القيادة الأصيلة كمدخل استراتيجي لتحسين جودة الحياة الوظيفية ورفع كفاءة الأداء المؤسسي.This study aims to analyze the impact of authentic leadership dimensions (self-awareness, relational transparency, balanced processing, ethical perspective) on the quality of work life (working conditions, life balance, professional growth, reward system, participation) among employees at the College of Administration and Economics - Sumer University, in light of increasing organizational pressures and the declining effectiveness of traditional leadership styles. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach, using a questionnaire prepared based on approved standards, and distributed to a sample of (80) employees. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods via SPSS v.26, including averages, standard deviations, and regression analysis. The results showed a statistically significant impact for each dimension of authentic leadership on the quality of work life, confirming the effective role of this leadership style in enhancing the university work environment. The study recommends adopting authentic leadership as a strategic approach to improving the quality of work life and raising the efficiency of institutional performance