OJS University of Karbala
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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Klebsiella Pneumoniae in Karbala, Iraq Hospitals
No full textBackground:
Klebsiella pneumoniae a common pathogen emerging as Multidrug-resistant bacteria with high prevalence of infections in all clinical sites, having two pathotypes; classical K. pneumoniae (cKp) and hypervirulent K. pneumonia (HvKp), able to spread the resistance via Horizontal Gene Transfer mechanics.
Objectives:
We aim to determine the rate of infections caused by K. pneumoniae in Kerbala and check their phenotypic antimicrobial characteristics to assess the empirically used antibiotics.
Materials and methods:
Different clinical samples were collected from Al-Imam Al-Hassan Al-Mujtaba teaching hospital and Al-Hussien Medical City then screened for K. pneamoniae, 70 isolates were confirmed by VITEK-2 system, these samples were tested for aminoglycoside resistance, resistant isolates underwent a further investigation for 10 other antibiotics.
Results:
This study found (n=70, 13.01%) prevalence of K. pnuemoniae infections in urine, sputum, swab and blood samples, out of the 70 isolates only 20 (28.60%) of the isolates were HvKp, the samples manifested a high resistance rate against AMP (100%) and cephalosporins FOX (82.50%), CTX (73.0%), CRO (66.70%), FEB (66.70%), and fluroquinolones CIP (66.70%) and LEV (52.40%). The highest resisted aminoglycoside was KN (52.90%) while CN, TOB performed moderately showing only (37.10%) and (38.60%) resistance respectively, least resisted antibiotics were AK (31.40%), NET (28.60%) and carbapenems (30.20%) for MEM and (27.00%) for IMI, only 4 isolates were resistant to colistin (6.30%).
Conclusion:
With our results we concluded that K. pneumoniae has a high rate of infection in all clinical sources, K. pneumoniae isolates were highly resistant to cephalosporins and fluroquinolones due to improper and overuse of these antibiotics empirically, moderately resistant to aminoglycosides (KN, CN, TOB) and should not be used empirically while (AK, NET) are a good second-line treatment for ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae.
 
In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Galangal (Alpinia Galanga) And Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Aqueous Extracts
No full textIntroduction:
Antioxidants prevent free radical-induced tissue damage by preventing the formation of radicals, scavenging them, or by promoting their decomposition. Natural antioxidants found in food, particularly fruits, vegetables, and other plant‐based diets, play an important role in disease prevention.
Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidative activities of aqueous extracts of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and galangal (Alpinia galanga) utilizing the DPPH assay method compared to that of ascorbic acid (Vit. C).
Methods:
The research was conducted at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, from February to July 2021. The aqueous extracts of these plants were made using both hot and cold extraction methods. The antioxidative activities of both cold and hot aqueous extracts of these plants at concentrations of 500 and 1000 µg/mL were made utilizing the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay method.
Results:
Both A. galanga and Z. officinale extracts demonstrated measurable activity comparable to ascorbic acid (vitamin C). The cold aqueous extract of A. galanga exhibited the highest antioxidant activity at a concentration of 500 µg/mL, while the hot aqueous extract of Z. officinale at 500 µg/mL showed the least activity. These findings suggest that the two plant extracts have different amounts of antioxidants at the same concentration. This indicates that A. galanga might be more effective at delivering antioxidant advantages than Z. officinale, and both the concentration and extraction method substantially affect antioxidant capacity, which is comparable to that of ascorbic acid.
Conclusion:
The aqueous extracts of Alpinia galanga and Zingiber officinale demonstrated quantifiable antioxidant activity, with A. galanga exhibiting greater efficacy under cold extraction conditions. Furthermore, these extracts demonstrate effective antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay, which is comparable to that produced by ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
Influence of Valeriana Officinalis Extract and Zusanli Acupoint Stimulation on Serum ALT and Creatinine Levels in Rats
No full textBackground
Traditionally used for its calming and antioxidant qualities, Valeriana officinalis has been shown to have beneficial benefits on liver and kidney functioning. Zusanli is a popular acupuncture point that is frequently linked to immunological and metabolic control. The purpose of this study was to assess how rats. serum levels of creatinine and alanine aminotransferase were affected by Zusanli acupoint stimulation and Valeriana officinalis extract, both separately and in combination. The study focuses on their possible contribution to renal and hepatic function supported.
Methods
Four groups of male Wistar rats were randomly selected, control Zusanli stimulation, Valeriana officinalis extract, and combined treatment, Zusanli was activated by electroacupuncture while the extract was taken orally once a day, Standard enzymatic assays were used to evaluate serum ALT and creatinine levels both prior to and followed the therapy period.
Results
Rats given Valeriana officinalis extract had significantly lower serum ALT levels than the control group,with the combination treatment group showing the biggest drop,The Zusanli stimulation and combined groups had much lower serum creatinine levels,These results show improved biochemical indicators for the liver and kidneys.
Conclusion
This study showed that rats liver and kidney function may be protected by Zusanli acupoint stimulated and Valeriana officinalis extract.The greatest improvement was seen with the combined treatment, indicating a possible synergistic effect.To clarify the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic relevance
Investigation the Cytotoxic Effect of Erythromycin and the Potential Protective Role of Vitamin C in Male White Rats
No full textThe study aimed to demonstrate the side effects of certain drugs currently used as antibiotics. The research examined the effects of erythromycin at both the cellular and molecular levels, as well as the potential protective role of vitamin C. A total of 25 male white rats Mus musculus were used in the experiment for 14 days. The study was conducted in the laboratory of the College of Science University of Babylon in May 2024 .The animals were divided into five groups, with five rats in each group. The first group was the control group, while the second and third groups received the drug at concentrations of (15, 30) mg/kg, respectively, as treatment groups. The fourth and fifth groups were dosed with the drug at the aforementioned concentrations along with vitamin C at a concentration of (100) mg/kg as protective groups.
The results of the experiment showed structural abnormalities in chromosomes, including deletions in the treated groups (G2, G3), specifically in dicentric chromosomes. Additionally, breaks and ring chromosomes were observed in the treated groups compared to the control group. However, the results of the protective groups (G4, G5) showed a significant reduction in the rates of these abnormalities. The results also indicated a significant decrease in the proportion of non-fragmented DNA, and a significant increase in the mean DNA fragmentation was recorded in groups (G2, G3), while no such observation was made in groups (G4, G5). High DNA fragmentation was found only in group (G3), which received a concentration of (30) mg/kg, but this was not observed in the other experimental groups.
The results of the experiment showed structural abnormalities in chromosomes, including deletions in the treated groups (G2, G3), specifically in dicentric chromosomes. Additionally, breaks and ring chromosomes were observed in the treated groups compared to the control group. However, the results of the protective groups (G4, G5) showed a significant reduction in the rates of these abnormalities. The results also indicated a significant decrease in the proportion of non-fragmented DNA, and a significant increase in the mean DNA fragmentation was recorded in groups (G2, G3), while no such observation was made in groups (G4, G5). High DNA fragmentation was found only in group (G3), which received a concentration of (30) mg/kg, but this was not observed in the other experimental groups.The study aimed to demonstrate the side effects of certain drugs currently used as antibiotics. The research examined the effects of erythromycin at both the cellular and molecular levels, as well as the potential protective role of vitamin C. A total of 25 male white rats Mus musculus were used in the experiment for 14 days. The study was conducted in the laboratory of the College of Science University of Babylon in May 2024 .The animals were divided into five groups, with five rats in each group. The first group was the control group, while the second and third groups received the drug at concentrations of (15, 30) mg/kg, respectively, as treatment groups. The fourth and fifth groups were dosed with the drug at the aforementioned concentrations along with vitamin C at a concentration of (100) mg/kg as protective groups.
The results of the experiment showed structural abnormalities in chromosomes, including deletions in the treated groups (G2, G3), specifically in dicentric chromosomes. Additionally, breaks and ring chromosomes were observed in the treated groups compared to the control group. However, the results of the protective groups (G4, G5) showed a significant reduction in the rates of these abnormalities. The results also indicated a significant decrease in the proportion of non-fragmented DNA, and a significant increase in the mean DNA fragmentation was recorded in groups (G2, G3), while no such observation was made in groups (G4, G5). High DNA fragmentation was found only in group (G3), which received a concentration of (30) mg/kg, but this was not observed in the other experimental groups
C-Reactive Protein and Uric Acid as Prognostic Biomarkers in Chronic Renal Failure: A Hemodialysis-Based Study from Kerbala, Iraq
No full textBackground: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important health problem especially in low resource settings with limited access to sophisticated diagnostic facilities. Biochemical and inflammatory parameters, such as creatinine, urea, uric acid, and CRP, might serve as available alternatives for monitoring of the disease.
Methods: A case–control study was carried out at Al-Sadr Medical City, Kerbala, Iraq, comprising 39 hemodialysis patients and 30 gender- and age-matched healthy controls with chronic renal failure. Serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and CRP levels were determined by standard biochemical methods. The CO25 threshold was determined with receiver-operator curves (ROC) analysis, using SPSS software (version 26) and determining the sensitivity and specificity as well as area under the curve (AUC(
Results: The hemodialysis patients had a significantly higher mean level of creatinine (3.04 ± 1.60 mg.dL-1), urea (178.7 ± 96.0 mg.dL-1), uric acid (8.28 ± 3.39 mg.dL-1), and CRP (20.34 ± 2.17 mg.L-1) than the controls (p < 0.001). There was a strong positive correlation between CRP and uric acid (r = 0.542, p = 0.002) and between CRP and urea (r = 0.54, p = 0.003), while urea correlated with BMI and age (p ≤ 0.005). ROC analysis showed a very good diagnostic accuracy (AUC/0.97–1.00) for all biomarkers, of which CRP and uric acid were essentially informative predictors.
Conclusion: The results emphasize the interplay between inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in CKD. High CRP and uric acid not only reflect renal function, but also independently predict cardiovascular outcomes. The integration of these low-cost biomarkers in routine care of dialysis patients may aid in stratifying risk among Iraqi patients. These associations need to be verified by larger, prospective studies.Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important health problem especially in low resource settings with limited access to sophisticated diagnostic facilities. Biochemical and inflammatory parameters, such as creatinine, urea, uric acid, and CRP, might serve as available alternatives for monitoring of the disease.
Methods: A case–control study was carried out at Al-Sadr Medical City, Kerbala, Iraq, comprising 39 hemodialysis patients and 30 gender- and age-matched healthy controls with chronic renal failure. Serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and CRP levels were determined by standard biochemical methods. The CO25 threshold was determined with receiver-operator curves (ROC) analysis, using SPSS software (version 26) and determining the sensitivity and specificity as well as area under the curve (AUC(
Results: The hemodialysis patients had a significantly higher mean level of creatinine (3.04 ± 1.60 mg.dL-1), urea (178.7 ± 96.0 mg.dL-1), uric acid (8.28 ± 3.39 mg.dL-1), and CRP (20.34 ± 2.17 mg.L-1) than the controls (p < 0.001). There was a strong positive correlation between CRP and uric acid (r = 0.542, p = 0.002) and between CRP and urea (r = 0.54, p = 0.003), while urea correlated with BMI and age (p ≤ 0.005). ROC analysis showed a very good diagnostic accuracy (AUC/0.97–1.00) for all biomarkers, of which CRP and uric acid were essentially informative predictors.
Conclusion: The results emphasize the interplay between inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in CKD. High CRP and uric acid not only reflect renal function, but also independently predict cardiovascular outcomes. The integration of these low-cost biomarkers in routine care of dialysis patients may aid in stratifying risk among Iraqi patients. These associations need to be verified by larger, prospective studies
Estimation Local Fractional Lp Normed Spaces for 1≤p
No full textThis paper introduces an improvement and generalization of Hadamard inequality by using the spaces of local fractional -normed spaces for , after Jacques Hadamard has presented his inequality in 1893 about bound on the determination of matrices by using the length of its column vectors. In addition, it is sometimes called Hemit Hadamard inequality with its convex function .The inequality that had been generalized to higher dimensions of function is bounded and convex domain in Euclidean space of n dimension .This paper introduces an improvement and generalization of Hadamard inequality by using the spaces of local fractional -normed spaces for , after Jacques Hadamard has presented his inequality in 1893 about bound on the determination of matrices by using the length of its column vectors. In addition, it is sometimes called Hemit Hadamard inequality with its convex function .The inequality that had been generalized to higher dimensions of function is bounded and convex domain in Euclidean space of n dimension
Predicting Human Brain Age from MRI Data Using Deep CNNs Enhanced by MRMR
No full textPredicting the age of the brain using MRI is an advanced medical method that is used to diagnose brain diseases and disorders such as Alzheimer\u27s, multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. Using this method, brain MRI images are analyzed using advanced algorithms and neural networks to obtain different brain characteristics such as brain volume and cortical thickness. Then, by comparing these features with the MRI imaging data of other patients, the age of the brain is estimated. In this work, used Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and MRMR feature selection algorithm. In this method, brain MRI images are processed by a convolutional network to extract age-related features, the MRMR algorithm selects the most relevant features, and the brain age is predicted using regression layers. The main contribution of this research is in adding a feature selection layer based on the MRMR feature ranking algorithm among the layers of a deep convolutional network, which has led to the improvement of the performance of the proposed convolutional network. Based on the obtained simulation results, the prediction accuracy of the proposed method for predicting the brain age of people is 90.3%, which has improved compared to the compared works.vements.
في هذا العمل، تم استخدام الشبكات العصبية الالتفافية (CNN) وخوارزمية اختيار الميزات MRMR. في هذه المنهجية، تتم معالجة صور الرنين المغناطيسي للدماغ بواسطة شبكة التفافية لاستخراج الخصائص المرتبطة بالعمر، ثم تقوم خوارزمية MRMR باختيار أكثر الميزات صلة، ويتم بعدها التنبؤ بعمر الدماغ باستخدام طبقات الانحدار (Regression Layers).
تتمثل المساهمة الرئيسية لهذا البحث في إضافة طبقة اختيار ميزات تعتمد على خوارزمية ترتيب الميزات MRMR بين طبقات شبكة التفافية عميقة، مما أدى إلى تحسين أداء الشبكة المقترحة. وبناءً على نتائج المحاكاة التي تم الحصول عليها، بلغت دقة التنبؤ لطريقتنا المقترحة في تقدير العمر الدماغي للأفراد 90.3%، وهي دقّة أفضل مقارنة بالأعمال الأخرى.Predicting the age of the brain using MRI is an advanced medical method that is used to diagnose brain diseases and disorders such as Alzheimer\u27s, multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. Using this method, brain MRI images are analyzed using advanced algorithms and neural networks to obtain different brain characteristics such as brain volume and cortical thickness. Then, by comparing these features with the MRI imaging data of other patients, the age of the brain is estimated. In this work, used Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and MRMR feature selection algorithm. In this method, brain MRI images are processed by a convolutional network to extract age-related features, the MRMR algorithm selects the most relevant features, and the brain age is predicted using regression layers. The main contribution of this research is in adding a feature selection layer based on the MRMR feature ranking algorithm among the layers of a deep convolutional network, which has led to the improvement of the performance of the proposed convolutional network. Based on the obtained simulation results, the prediction accuracy of the proposed method for predicting the brain age of people is 90.3%, which has improved compared to the compared works.vements
The role of super leadership in enhancing the job embeddedness of employees- an exploratory and analytical study of the opinions of a sample of members of the boards of private colleges in the holy city of Karbala
No full textمع التطبيق الواسع لنطاق التحليل ما بعد الدراسات (Meta-Analysis) في ادبيات العلوم المختلفة، من المهم دراسة دور التحليل ما بعد الدراسات في تطوير العلوم ذات الصلة بالإدارة والسلوك التنظيمي وادارة الموارد البشرية ، البحث الحالي يقدم مساهمة اولية في تلخيص سمات التحليل لمساعدة الباحث العربي على فهم الخطوات الاساسية لهذه التقنية وكيفية تطبيقه من اجل الافادة فوائده المتعددة عن طريق وصف خطوات التحليل ما بعد الدراسات بست خطوات تتضمن هذه الخطوات صياغة سؤال (أسئلة) البحث الأولي ، وتحديد الدراسات ذات الصلة ، وتلخيص المعلومات المهمة من كل دراسة ، وتقديم وتحليل وتفسير البيانات الناتجة ، الساحة البحثية العربية والعراقية بشكل خاص تفتقر الى هكذا نوع من البحوث الاساسية التي توضح الخطوات الاولية لعملية تحليل ما بعد الدراسات .The current research aims to clarify the correlation between superior leadership and its dimensions (self-efficacy, self-motivation, self-determination, self-regulation) and job embeddedness as a dependent variable, and a hypothetical diagram was designed to show the relationship between the two variables. The descriptive analysis method was adopted. In light of the goal, importance, and problem, the researcher resorted to a group of statistical programs, namely SPSS and AMOS. The study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a strong, positive and statistically significant correlation between the two variables. There is also a significant, statistically significant effect between the two variables. In light of this, the researcher presented a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which was urging the administration of the private colleges under study. In order to enhance the levels achieved by the working individuals, the management should play a guiding role and hold educational seminars and meetings to determine the positive effects that result from superior leadership and how to instill and root it among the working individuals and make it one of their priorities at work
The role of social media networks in enhancing customer confidence - an analytical study of the opinions of a sample of managers of telephone companies in Iraq Zain, Asiacell, Korek, Our Contact
No full textهدفت البحث الى التعرف على الدور الذي تؤديه كل من شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي في تعزيز ثقة الزبون في قطاع شركات الاتصالات في العراق ، وذلك من خلالأستخدام تقنيات حديثة ومتطورة في الاتصال مع الزبائن ، انطلقالبحثمن مشكلة تم التعبير عنها بعدد من التساؤلات الفكرية والتطبيقية ، أستهدف من الاجابة عنها أستجلاء الفلسفة النظرية والدلالات الفكرية للمتغيرات الثلاث التي تناولها البحث وهي ( شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي وأستراتيجية التسويق الفيروسي وثقة الزبون ) وهي من الاطر الفكرية الحديثة على البيئة العربية عامة والبيئة العراقية لاسيما ، ومن ثم تشخيص مستوى أهميتها وأثرها وأمكانية تطبيقها في قطاع الاتصالات في العراق ، تم تطبيق هذاالبحث على شركات الهاتف النقال في العراق ( الاثير ، اسيا سيل ، كورك ، أتصالنا ) من خلال عينة متكونة من 100 منتسب يشغلون مناصب أدارية ، وقد تم تصميم أستبانه لجمع البيانات اللازمة ، ولقد برزت أهمية البحث من حداثة المتغيرات التي تناولها والتي لم تحضَ بالاهتمام الكافي من لدن الدارسين بمتغيرات البحث ودفعهم لمحاولة دراسة أثارها على مختلف جوانب العمل في شركات الخدمات في العراق ، أستخدمت أساليب أحصائية متعددة لاغناء الجانب العملي للبحث منها تحليل الانحدار البسيط والمتعدد وأختبار (F ) لتحديد معنوية معادلة الانحدار كما تم أستخدام (R ) لتفسير مقدار تأثير المتغيرات المستقلة في المتغير التابع ، تضمن البحث اربع مباحث رئيسة خصص الاول للمنهجية فيما خصص الثاني للجانب النظري وخصص الثالث لعرض نتائج التأثير وخصص الرابع للاستنتاجات والتوصيات توصلالبحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات اهمها وجود تباين بين الشركات عينة البحث في ابعاد توظيف شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي وبناء على ذلك تم تقديم مجموعة من التوصيات والاتي استعراض لكل منهماThe study aimed to identify the role of each of the social networks in promoting customer turst in the telecommunications sector in Iraq, through the use of modern and sophisticated techniques in contact with customers, launched the study of the problem has been expressed a number of intellectual and practical questions , been targeted answered clarify theoretical philosophy and connotations intellectual of the three variables addressed by the study, namely, (a social networks and viral marketing strategy and customer confidence), one of the modern general Arab environment especially the Iraqi and the environment spammers intellectual, and then diagnose the level of importance, impact and potential application in the telecommunications sector in Iraq, it was this study apply to mobile phone companies in Iraq (ether, Asia torrent, Cork, Itisaluna) through composed a sample of 100 member occupy managerial positions, questionnaire has been designed to collect the necessary data, and has emerged as the importance of the study of modern variables dealt with and that have not had sufficient attention to studying these variables and push them to try to study their impact on the various aspects of the work in service companies in Iraq, I was used multiple statistic methods to enrich the practical side of the study, including simple and multiple correlation coefficient to measure the correlation between variables and use T to see the moral Simple correlations and analysis of simple and multiple F test regression to determine the moral regression equation was also used R to the interpretation of the amount of the influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable, the study reached a set of conclusions which my help companies to improve there performance and reach competitive centers, and on this basis The study came out a set of recommendations focused on the need for a whole benefit from the current study and reached in strengthening the competitive position of the sample companies through the optimal use and benefit from all of the social networking strategy and viral marketing and its role in enhancing the confidence of the customer network
Strategic performance evaluation according to the entrance of balanced performance measurement BSC An Empirical Study in Elaf Islamic Bank
No full textيعد تقويم الأداء الإستراتيجي أحد أهم واجبات الإدارة العليا بسبب ما تواجهه منظمات الأعمال من ضغوطات متزايدة أملتها ديناميكية التغيرات في بيئة تلك المنظمات لا سيما في العقود الثلاثة الأخيرة .لقد أدت تلك التغيرات المتسارعة بشكل كبير إلى أن تظهر الحاجة (وبإلحاح) إلى نظرة مختلفة لعملية تقويم الأداء الإستراتيجي , تلبي متطلبات المرحلة وتناسب تقلبات البيئة المتزايدة , فظهر مدخل القياس المتوازن للأداء كأسلوب يعتمد المؤشرات غير المالية لتقويم الأداء , فضلا عن المؤشرات المالية التقليدية . وقد جاء هذا البحث بهدف معرفة النتائج التي يمكن أن تتحقق إذا ما استخدم هذا المدخل في تقويم الأداء الإستراتيجي لأحد المصارف الأهلية وهو مصرف إيلاف الإسلامي . وقد خرج البحث بمجموعة توصيات في ضوء النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها .Strategic performance evaluation is one of the most important duties of the high management because of what organizations face of increasing pressures which originate from the dynamicity of changer in the environment of these organizations . specifically in the last three decades . These very rapid changes led to the serious need of a different view to the process of strategic performance evaluation . this need fulfills the present requirement and suits the increasing changes of the environment . Anew away of performance evaluation emerges namely the balanced scorecard as a way which depends on non – financial indexes in addition to the classic financial indexes.The study aims of knowing the results that can be achieved if this way of strategic performance evaluation is used in one of the Iraqi local banks , namely Elaf Islamic Bank . The study presents a number of recommendations in the light of the results reached at