OJS University of Karbala
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Saliva‑Based Diagnostics: Applications, Limitations and Future Prospects in Systemic Disease Detection: A Review
No full textThe accessibility of collection, cost-effectiveness, and ability to mirror systemic physiological and pathophysiological conditions have rendered saliva an attractive non-invasive diagnostic medium. It contains many potential biomarkers, such as proteins, enzymes, hormones, metabolites, and nucleic acids, which can provide significant information about endocrine disorders, cardiovascular diseases, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and genetic defects. This up-to-date review focuses on the types of existing salivary biomarkers, their clinical utilities, diagnostic impact, and recent technical advances reported in studies published between 2018 and 2025. Original articles and review papers were included to discover trends, challenges and possible future directions of saliva-based diagnostics. These findings suggest salivary diagnostics can attain sensitivity and specificity comparable with classical methods, enabling early detection, disease monitoring, and therapeutic recommendations. Despite problems of variability, collection methods and standardization, saliva-based diagnostics have vast potential for clinical utility. Additional investigation is expected to enhance their reliability and clinical application in systemic disease diagnosis
Awareness of Social Media Addiction Among University Students and Its Association with Social Media Use Patterns
No full textObjective: This study aims to assess university students\u27 awareness of social media addiction and explore the relationship between awareness levels and social media usage patterns.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done to ascertain the awareness of university students regarding social media addiction, The study was conducted over a specific timeframe from October/ 10th/ 2023 to January/ 19th / 2025. The study utilized a questionnaire comprising of two sections: First to gather sociodemographic data of students consisting of 10 items; Second for the awareness of social media addiction developed by the researcher that consisting of 9 items. Reliability of the questionnaire for awareness of social media addiction (r = 0.856). Electronic convenient sampling was employed involving (450) students, the sample collected at university of Kerbala / colleges of medicine, nursing, pharmacy and dentistry and the exclusion criteria includes the students of Kerbala University who studies at other departments and students who study at other disciplines. The data were analyzed and interpreted through use of the application of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), version 26.
Results: The results of the study demonstrate that students have moderate awareness about social media use addiction as reported by 56.7% of them (M±SD= 31.85±5.464) as well as there is a positive significant relationship between students’ awareness about social media addiction and daily hours use of social media at p-value= .046 .
Conclusion: students have moderate level of awareness about social media use addiction and the level of this awareness is affected by daily hours use of social media
Burn-related Injuries among Arbaeen Participants in Karbala City, 2024
No full textBackground: Burns are a global public health problem. They occur during the mass gatherings, resulting in injuries with some unique challenges. The annual Arbaeen is the world\u27s second-largest public gathering, celebrated in Iraq, attracting more than 20 million pilgrims. This study aims to evaluate the role of the Arbaeen pilgrimage on burned patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Imam AI-Hussain Medical City Hospital in 2024. The records of burned patients who were admitted to the Emergency Department during Arbaeen were included. Data was also collected for another group of burned patients, which parallels the timeframe of Arbaeen, to compare the two groups.
Results: Sixty-seven burn injuries were included in the Arbaeen study group, and ninety-seven patients in the out-of-Arbaeen group. The Arbaeen pilgrimage records fewer burn injuries than usual times, with an incidence of 0.31% against 0.75% (p = 0.019). The majority of Arbaeen participants (43.3%) were between the ages of 18 and 38 years. Among out Arbaeen participants, those less than 18 years old comprise the larger group. This study revealed that 52.2% of Arbaeen patients received conservative treatment and were discharged from the Emergency Department, while 17.9% were admitted to a burn unit. The mortality rate was 7.5% during Arbaeen and 4.1% out of Arbaeen, respectively.
Conclusions: Children and young people are most vulnerable to burns during the Arbaeen pilgrimage period. The incidence of burn injuries is not significantly correlated with the Arbaeen pilgrimage
Effect of foliar spraying with ascorbic acid and nano-silicon on the quantitative and qualitative yield of the potato cultivar Burren grown in southern Iraq: Effect of foliar spraying with ascorbic acid and nano-silicon on the quantitative and qualitative yield of the potato cultivar Burren grown in southern Iraq
No full text The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, in Karma Ali area during the agricultural season 2022-2023 to study the effect of foliar spraying with different concentrations of ascorbic acid (0,50,100) mg L-1 and with different concentrations of nano silicon (0,37.5,75) mg L-1 and the interaction between them on the quantitative and qualitative yield of the Burren potato cultivar. The results showed that spraying with ascorbic acid at a concentration of 100 mg L-1 was significantly excelled in increasing the total yield and marketable yield, reducing the non-marketable yield, increasing the percentage of dry matter, starch, and specific gravity of tubers, and both concentrations were significantly excelled in increasing the tubers\u27 vitamin C content. Also, plants sprayed with nano-silicon were significantly excelled at a concentration of 75 mg L-1 in increasing the total yield and marketable yield, the percentage of dry matter, starch, and specific gravity, and the tubers\u27 vitamin C content, and both concentrations were significantly excelled in the percentage of total soluble solids. The interaction between the two study factors showed a significant effect on all quantitative and qualitative yield traits studied
Agricultural financing and economic growth in Nigeria: implications for sustainable agricultural development
No full textThe significance of agricultural financing for sustainable agricultural and financial improvement in emerging economy like Nigeria cannot be over emphasized. This re-search work analyzed the impact of rural financing on financial sustainability in Nigeria. The dataset is time series information variables spreading a 40 year period, from 1981 to 2020. Annual aggregates data on capital expenditure, agricultural credit, ex-port loans, and gross domestic product (GDP) were sourced from the distributions of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The research was conducted in 2023 and data sets were analyzed using Unit Root test, Cointegration test, and error correction model. Results revealed that agricultural credit, export financing, and capital expenditure affect GDP positively in Nigeria. Therefore, there is need for policy formulation and implementation on arrangement of satisfactory funding facilities to agricultural production and export sector with moderate interest rates at a minimal cost of capital. Government should also embark on massive infra-structural development in order to enhance sustainable financial growth and development
Study of the qualitative characteristics of carp surimi powder frozen for different periods
No full textIn this study, the qualitative properties of surimi fish powder produced from storing carp fish in a freezer at -18°C for (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14) days were studied, and the chemical composition of the powder was tested, including protein content, oil absorption capacity, density, emulsification and emulsion stability, thiobarbituric acid content, and gelatinous ability. The results showed that increasing the freezing time of fish led to an increase in the values of thiobarbituric acid and an increase in density, and a decrease in other qualitative properties, such as protein solubility, the ability to form powder gel, and the oil absorption capacity. It can be said that long-term storage of carp in freezing led to a decrease in the quality properties of the surimi powder produced
Effects of multienzymes in reduced energy diet on broiler chickens’ performance under heat stress
No full textThis study aims to investigate the multienzymes use , in broiler chicken under heat stress with low energy to estimate the Productive performance ( body weight, feed intake, feed conversation ratio and body weight gain), The experiment was conducted from December 27, 2023 to February 1, 2024. In a private field the AlIbrahimiyah area of Karbala, where the conditions were suitable for standard poultry farming, a total of 250 one-day-old broiler chickens of Rose 308 breed, with unsexed, were taken and divided into five groups. The first group consisted of 50 birds that Negative - control were (NCON) fed a basic diet without any additives and were kept away from heat stress, the second group consisted of 50 birds that were Positive control (PCON) fed a basic diet without any additives under heat stress. The third group consisted of 50 birds that were fed a basic diet with the addition of multienzymes under heat stress (MHS), the fourth group consisted of 50 birds that were fed a basic diet with the addition of multienzymes and reduced energy under heat stress) MLHS), the fifth group consisted of 50 birds that were fed a basic diet without additives under heat stress with reduced energy (LHS), After completing the experiment and collecting samples from chickens, a total of 20 samples from all replicates, the analysis results were as follows
effect of nano-micronutrient supplementation and glutathione on some vegetative traits of maize (Zea mays L.)
No full textThe study was conducted in one of the experimental fields at Field Crops Department, College of Agriculture, University of Kerbala, during the 2024 growing season. The aim was to investigate the effect of applying different concentrations of nano-micronutrient fertilizers and glutathione on vegetative growth yellow corn. A factorial experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The experiment included two factors: the first factor involved foliar application of nano-micronutrient fertilizers at five concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g L-1), denoted as (N0, N1, N2, N3, and N4) , respectively. The second factor consisted of glutathione foliar application at five concentrations (0, 40, 80, 120, and 180 mg L-1), designated as (G0, G1, G2, G3, and G4) , respectively. The results revealed a significant superiority of treatment N4 (2 g L-1) in most traits, as it achieved the highest mean leaf area (6148.6 cm²)plant and chlorophyll content (48.581 SPAD). Meanwhile, treatment N3 (1.5 g L-1) showed the highest mean for plant height and stem diameter (203.71 cm and 24.021 mm, respectively), compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, spraying with glutathione had a significant effect on all traits under study, with treatment G4 (180 mg L-1) achieving the highest mean for plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, and chlorophyll index, with averages of (188.88 cm, 12.584 leaf plant-1, 23.436 mm, 5980.3 cm², and 48.413 SPAD, respectively). The interaction treatment between adding nano-nutrients (N3) and spraying with glutathione (G4) was significantly superior in most of the vegetative growth traits under study
Effects of lighting program at different periods on broiler chicken performance
No full textResearchers have not yet definitively established the optimal lighting program and dark period initiation for improving the welfare, health, and performance of commercial broilers. Therefore, this study aims to examine how different lighting schedules at various ages affect key factors, including growth performance and mortality rates, in broiler chickens. 400-day-old Ross chicks were assigned to four experimental groups using a completely randomized design. Each group consisted of five replicates with 20 chicks in each. The experimental groups were as follows: T1 was exposed to 24 hours of continuous light, while the other three groups experienced a daily dark period of five hours. Specifically, T2 began its dark period after the first week, T3 after the second week, and T4 after the third week. The broiler chickens in the T2 experimental group showed significantly better performance compared to the other groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, all experimental groups that experienced 5 hours of darkness demonstrated an improved feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05), with no significant changes observed in feed intake or mortality rates (P > 0.05) over the 42 days. In conclusion, providing 5 hours of darkness after the first week of age significantly improved the feed conversion ratio without decreasing feed intake. Chickens subjected to this lighting regimen also showed better weight gain compared to those kept under continuous lighting programs. Therefore, it is recommended to raise broiler chickens on a 19-hour light and 5-hour dark (19L:5D) schedule following the first week of age to promote optimal growth and health
Protective effects of the wild blackberry on cyclosporine-induced renal injury in rats: implications for veterinary and agricultural toxicology
No full textImmunosuppressant nephrotoxicity limits safe use. This study tested whether an aqueous extract of Rubus ulmifolius protects against cyclosporine-induced renal injury in rats, of clinical, agricultural, and veterinary relevance worldwide. Twenty-four male rats were randomized into four groups (n=6): G1 vehicle; G2 cyclosporine 0.2 mg/kg by oral gavage every other day; G3 extract 400 mg/kg daily for 30 days; G4 extract 400 mg/kg daily with Cyclosporine 4 h later on alternate days. Serum urea, creatinine, albumin, globulin, and total protein were assessed; kidneys were examined histologically. Biochemical assays used standard colorimetric methods, and statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Cyclosporine increased urea and creatinine and decreased albumin, globulin, and total protein versus G1. Extract alone matched control with no observable adverse effects. Pre-treatment prevented cyclosporine changes, normalizing values; G4 remained comparable to G1. Histology: G2 showed glomerular atrophy, widened Bowman’s space, tubular sloughing, congestion, hemorrhage, inflammatory infiltration, and tubular degeneration/necrosis; G4 appeared near normal with preserved glomeruli and tubules. R. ulmifolius aqueous extract confers renoprotection against cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in male rats, normalizing renal biomarkers and preserving histology. These findings support its potential as a phytogenic adjunct to mitigate drug-induced kidney injury; dose–response and mechanistic studies are warranted