SAP Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine (Journal)
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Sleep Quality: A Key Factor in the Physical and Mental Recovery of Medical Students
Full text linkIntroduction: sleep is considered a physiological process of vital importance for the comprehensive health of human beings. Sleep quality represents one of the most widespread yet least understood clinical aspects, making it essential to understand its incidence and the factors that may determine it.
Objective: to evaluate the sleep quality of third-year medical students from two faculties of the University of Medical Sciences of Havana.
Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in 312 students from two health sciences faculties. The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index was used.
Results: 1,92 % indicated that their sleep quality is poor, and 17,31 % reported sleep efficiency below 85 %, a percentage considered the threshold for establishing an insomnia diagnosis. It was found that 60,33 % of the sample would be defined as poor sleepers compared to 39,66 % good sleepers.
Conclusions: the study revealed that approximately 70 % of the subjects have poor sleep quality, which is exacerbated by the consumption of alcohol, coffee, and tobacco. This shows that, to the various negative effects of excessive consumption of these substances, we must add poor sleep quality
Emotional manifestations and perceived social support in elderly adults in the face of the impact of COVID-19
Full text linkIntroduction: the confrontation with the pandemic has caused changes in the lifestyles of all people, to comply with the strict social isolation, and the elderly, a vulnerable group before covid-19, have had to modify their routines for a better adaptation to the current situation.
Objective: to determine the emotional manifestations and the social support perceived in elderly people facing the covid-19 pandemic, who belong to the clinic 24, Puerto Esperanza, Viñales municipality in the year 2021.
Methods: a descriptive study was carried out, based on the non-experimental and transversal method, working with a non-probabilistic sample of 30 elderly people, between 60 and 75 years old. Theoretical and empirical methods were used as the applied techniques: semi-structured interview, IDARE, MOS Social Support Questionnaire and Yesavage Geriatric Depression Test and descriptive statistics.
Results: there was a predominance of female sex, married marital status, no work relationship and the family structure were characterized by the presence of small and bigeneracionales family nuclei. Regarding the emotional level, there was a predominance of medium levels of anxiety as a state (86 %) and as a trait (76 %) and with respect to depression there was a prevalence of light levels (80 %). The degree of perceived social support that predominated was high (80 %), with the family standing out as the main source of support (emotional, affective and material) for this group.
Conclusions: the population under study showed medium levels of anxiety and depression and an adequate perception of social support in the face of the impact of COVID-19, only showing high levels of anxiety and depression in 20 % of the population that expressed a low level of social support
Effectiveness of the treatment applied in the smoking cessation consultation
Full text linkIntroduction: WHO estimates that approximately one third of the world\u27s population smokes, and the use of traditional medicine in the treatment of tobacco dependence is recognized.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment administered in the smoking cessation consultation, medical office 9 of Puerto Esperanza, Viñales in 2018.
Methods: Observational, analytical cohort study. It involved 90 smokers who met the inclusion criteria. Participants were divided into three study groups using simple random sampling. They were subjected to psychological techniques, auriculotherapy, and homeopathy. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used, and expressed in absolute and relative frequencies. Variables such as age and sex, educational level, smoking habits, treatment effectiveness, and number of cigarettes smoked before and after treatment were used. The results were presented in tables for better interpretation.
Results: There was a male predominance. The age groups were different in the three study groups. Patients with intermediate technical education were predominant. A total of 51 patients quit smoking (56,6 %). The best results were obtained with the use of homeopathy with 27 patients (30 %). A total of 19 patients (21,1 %) were able to quit smoking using auriculotherapy. In contrast, only 5 patients (5,56 %) were able to quit using psychological techniques.
Conclusions: Treatment with traditional and natural medicine showed better results with the application of homeopathy and auriculotherapy
Review of clinical trials on the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with traumatic brain injury
Full text linkIntroduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can impact patients\u27 cognitive functioning and quality of life. This study assesses the effectiveness of cognitive interventions in TBI patients and examines factors influencing their success, aiming to enhance care and customize treatments for optimal rehabilitation outcomes.
Methods: a systematic review of 31 scientific articles evaluating the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with traumatic brain injuries was conducted, following the PRISMA workflow. The studies covered the period from 2017 to 2021, and specific terms were used to search the PubMed and Scopus databases.
Results: the research on cognitive interventions in patients with traumatic brain injuries has involved various countries, with notable contributions from the United States, Norway, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Cognitive training has proven to be effective, showing significant improvements in symptoms and quality of life. Other therapies, such as transcranial direct stimulation and vocational rehabilitation, have also been investigated.
Conclusions: cognitive training has proven to be an effective technique in managing traumatic brain injuries, demonstrating significant improvements in composite cognitive measures and patients\u27 quality of life. Some therapies, such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy, have shown promising results in treating symptoms such as post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety in patients with traumatic brain injuries
Prevalence and risk associations of mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling elderly people
Full text linkIntroduction: mild cognitive impairment includes for diagnosis memory complaints, preferably corroborated by an informant; memory impairment according to age and education; preserved general cognitive function; intact activities of daily living; and no evidence of dementia.
Objective: to determine the prevalence and risk associations of mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling elderly.
Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2019. The population consisted of 150 elderly people aged 65 years old from the family medical office No.1 of Los Palacios municipality.
Results: female sex, age group 80 years and older, medium level of schooling, marital status without a partner, physical inactivity, hypertension, smoking, depression and insomnia were predominant and there were also affectations in immediate and mediate memory. Age and history of stroke were risk factors with statistical significance, while educational level was a protective factor.
Conclusions: the preservation of cognitive functions is a necessary condition to develop an independent and productive life, so intervention strategies are needed to improve the quality of life of the elderly
Biopsychosocial factors of disability in elderly adults
Full text linkIntroduction: aging is a process of progressive changes that have repercussions on the physical and mental functionality of the elderly; at the same time, it is the best indicator of health in the population at this age.
Objective: to identify the biopsychosocial factors of disability that affect the elderly of the Medical Clinic #19, of the José Elías Borges Polyclinic in the municipality of Minas de Matahambre, during the period from June 2020 to May 2022.
Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in elderly adults, in whom the Mini-Mental Examination was applied to know the cognitive status of each patient, as well as, the Lawton Scale to evaluate their physical capacity, in addition to a survey to evaluate disability risk factors. The sample was selected by criteria and consisted of 200 patients. Descriptive statistics were used with the use of frequency distribution and percentage.
Results: the predominant age group was 60 to 69 years, female sex and secondary school level. In the mental sphere, more than half of the elderly studied presented a normal cognitive state, with independence in the instrumented activities of daily life; among the biological risk factors, arterial hypertension prevailed, and among the psychosocial risk factors, the loss of social role stood out.
Conclusions: the aging process of the Cuban population maintains an accelerated pace, being an achievement of the society that reflects the advances of health system
Application of the TRIPS score in neonates requiring interhospital transfer
Full text linkWith the implementation of neonatal intensive care units and new technologies for comprehensive neonatal care, neonatal survival has improved significantly. These results should always include the possibility of referral to another center, in order to provide or complete more appropriate treatments. Not all problems can be recognized in time to refer the pregnant mother, and many emergencies at birth may occur, making it necessary to transfer the child. A prospective, intervention and cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2020 to July 2021, the universe and sample consisted of 91 neonates who required referral to a more complex center, with the aim of assessing the effectiveness of applying the TRIPS Score (Transport risk index of physiology stability), data were obtained from the patient\u27s medical history, The neonates who required transfer suffered a total loss of stability; this deterioration was greater the lower the weight and gestational age, the greater the distance, the presence of respiratory disorder and the poor transfer conditions. Finally, the research was completed with the creation of a uniform protocol for all the sending centers, in the hope that it will lead to improved transfer conditions and minimize the complications that this procedure entails
Application of scales to determine thromboembolic and hemorrhagic risk in atrial fibrillation
Full text linkIntroduction: atrial fibrillation is one of the most frequent arrhythmias in clinical practice and causes a high number of hospitalizations, establishing a prognosis of dynamic changes in thromboembolic and hemorrhagic risk using the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scales.Objective: to characterize the application of prognostic scales in atrial fibrillation.Method: a narrative review of the available literature was carried out using the analytical synthetic and logical historical methods using articles retrieved from databases such as SciELO, Scopus and ClinicalKey. Articles published mainly in the period 2017 to 2023 were used. A total of 14 references were selected that addressed the main characteristics of the topic in question.Results: a one-point increase in the CHA2 DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores represents an increase in the occurrence of events and mortality with both scores, and also represents an increase in the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. The dynamic calculation of the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores represents an improvement in the predictive capacity of adverse events with respect to the baseline score. In addition, the dynamic evaluation is clinically more useful than the baseline scores, providing an overall improvement in the net benefit for predicting events.Conclusions: the embolic and bleeding risk scores are important tools for the clinician who prescribes anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation, and recording them in the clinical record is of utmost importance
Educational intervention on risk factors that trigger angina pectoris
Full text linkA before and after educational intervention was carried out through a pre-experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of an educational intervention program and to increase knowledge related to the risk factors that trigger angina pectoris in patients in the municipality of Venezuela, during the period between June 2020 and May 2021. The Mc.Nemar statistical test was used to find significant differences between the level of knowledge before and after. The study universe was constituted by 242 young adult patients of both sexes, between 30 and 45 years of age, who belonged to the Consultorio Médico de la Familia # 18, of the health area of the Venezuela polyclinic. We worked with a sample of 20 patients where a questionnaire was applied to evaluate the level of knowledge before and after the intervention. Before the intervention, the patients had inadequate knowledge about risk factors that trigger angina, and after the intervention there was a significant change in the final evaluation. The intervention was effective because it raised the level of knowledge on the subject
Behavior of ventilatory modalities in the Neonatology Service
Full text linkIn recent years the survival of high risk and sick newborns has increased, these neonates require special intensive care and their life depends, in many occasions, on ventilatory support. With the aim of describing the behavior of invasive and non-invasive modalities of mechanical ventilation in the Neonatology Service of the "Iván Portuondo" Hospital during the period from January 2020 to July 2021. We conducted a descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal study in which our universe was 597 newborns who required admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, and as a sample 112 of them who required assisted ventilation, during the period covered by the research. The invasive or non-invasive modalities were related to variables such as: gestational age, sex, birth weight, reasons and complications of ventilation, in addition to the duration of ventilation and survival of these newborns. It was possible to conclude that the application of the invasive modality predominated in male newborns weighing less than 1500 g and with a gestational age of less than 30 weeks. Coinciding with the literature, Hyaline Membrane Disease remained as the first cause requiring the use of mechanical ventilation, it has been possible to shorten the ventilation time, and there were fewer complications and better survival in the non-invasive modality