SAP Dentistry (Journal)
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Periodontal status in people with HIV in the municipality of Pinar del Río
No full textIntroduction: infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reduces the functionality of the immune system and favors the appearance of different pathologies, including periodontal disease.
Objective: to characterize periodontal disease in people living with HIV.
Methods: an analytical observational cross-sectional study was conducted in people living with HIV during the period 2022-2023. The universe included patients living with HIV in the municipality of Pinar del Río (N=381). The sample (non-probabilistic intentional), included 350 patients according to inclusion criteria. The revised Russell\u27s Oral Hygiene and Periodontal indices were used. For the statistical analysis, absolute and percentage frequencies were used, in addition to the inferential calculation of X2, contingency coefficient, confidence interval and relative risk.
Results: the presence of periodontal disease and advanced gingivitis stood out. Men between 35 and 49 years of age predominated. The most affected by periodontal disease were male patients aged 60 years and older. The most observed risk factors were dentobacterial plaque and the presence of calculus. Poor oral hygiene prevailed, followed by regular in patients with periodontal disease. The sample was characterized by a predominance of asymptomatic patients. In the presence of periodontal disease, severe and advanced stages increased.
Conclusions: significant statistical association of periodontal status with age, sex, oral hygiene and clinical stages of HIV infection was identified.
Effectiveness of platelet-rich fibrin and chitosan as adjuvants for the treatment of chronic periodontitis
No full textThis article reviews the effectiveness of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and chitosan as adjunctive treatments in chronic periodontitis, an inflammatory disease affecting tooth-supporting tissues. Chitosan, a natural biopolymer, has demonstrated antimicrobial and regenerative properties, while PRF facilitates healing by reducing inflammation and deepening tissue attachment. Through a systematic review of recent studies, different parameters such as gingival index, periodontal pocket depth and plaque accumulation were evaluated. The results indicated that both biomaterials significantly improve periodontal treatment outcomes, suggesting their potential as effective adjuvants in periodontal therapy. However, further studies with larger samples are recommended to validate these findings in the long ter
Zygomatic Implants: The importance of the correct choice of surgical technique
No full textThis paper discusses the feasibility of zygomatic implants as an effective alternative to conventional bone regeneration techniques for maxillary rehabilitation. The anatomical complexity of the maxilla, which presents significant challenges due to bone resorption and atrophy in the absence of masticatory stimulus, is described. Through a review of the scientific literature, the survival rate of zygomatic implants, their complications and the surgical techniques used are evaluated. The results indicate a high success rate of 98.1% in these implants, highlighting their capacity to allow immediate prosthetic loading. However, the need for a thorough diagnosis and a rigorous follow-up to minimize complications, such as sinusitis, and to improve long-term results is pointed ou
Dental caries, nutritional status and oral hygiene in schoolchildren, La Demajagua, 2022
No full textIntroduction: dental caries is the most common disease in children. Obesity is a worrisome disease in children.
Objective: determining the relationship between dental caries, nutritional status and oral hygiene in primary schoolchildren.
Method: a study with a non-experimental cross-correlational design was carried out in elementary school students from La Demajagua, Isle of Youth, in 2022. The sample was 100 children, being the same probabilistic and random.
Results: the male sex represented 52%, 81% had a high risk of caries involvement and the age group 9-11 was the most affected with 42%. 81% presented deficient oral hygiene and 41% were overweight or obese.
Conclusions: no significant relationship between nutritional status and the degree of involvement of dental caries, but there is, between the latter and oral hygien
Knowledge of the protocol to be followed in the event of an accident with a sharp object during the clinical practice of undergraduate students in the subject Integrated Adult Clinical and Surgery III, School of Dentistry, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2024
No full textSharp accidents frequently occur during the practice of dentistry, due to the use of sharp and pointed elements. This usually happens to dentists and especially to students, due to conditions attributable to the practice itself, such as: stress, movement of the patient, reduced space, among others. Through an accident with sharps it is possible to generate inoculation of pathogenic agents when exposed to contaminated biological substances, the main pathogenic agents identified in various studies are: HIV, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, among others. Biosafety protocols have been established to make dental practice safe for the operator and the patient, with the aim of minimising the possibility of cross-contamination. However, in the event of an incident involving sharp material, it is vitally important that the professional or student is well informed about the prophylaxis protocol to be followed in order to reduce the possibility of infection. This descriptive, cross-sectional research aims to investigate the knowledge of the students of the adult III clinics of the School of Dentistry of the Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2024, regarding this important aspect of biosafety. For this purpose, a survey will be applied to verify the knowledge of preventive biosafety measures, knowledge of pathogenic agents and knowledge of the protocol for post-accident prophylaxis with sharp sharps
Effectiveness of laser therapy in patients over 19 years of age with a diagnosis of alveolitis
No full textIntroduction: alveolitis or alveolar osteitis is the most frequent and painful postoperative complication in dentistry. Its appearance is generally associated with the absence of a blood clot inside the socket after tooth extraction. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of laser therapy in the treatment of alveolitis in patients over 19 years of age. Methods: a descriptive, prospective, longitudinal study of cases and controls was carried out in the dentistry service of the “Abel Santamaría Cuadrado” General Teaching Hospital in the period October 2022-September 2023. The universe was made up of 550; the entire of the patients over 19 years of age in this service, the sample consisted of 76 patients, obtained through simple random sampling and according to the exclusion and inclusion criteria. The sample was divided into two groups: Group I (study) made up of patients to whom laser therapy with anti-inflammatory and analgesic parameters was applied for 4 minutes and Group II to which conventional treatment, curettage or alveolar curettage and application from Alvogyl. Results: there was a predominance of the group of 41-50 years, with 33 patients for 43, 5 %. The risk of the appearance of alveolitis after an extraction increases with age, due to the decrease in the vascular supply of the bone. It was observed that the population studied according to sex showed a predominance of the male sex with 43 for 56, 6 %. The effectiveness of the treatment in curing dry socket is observed where the study group was more effective than the control group with 39 patients for 95, 12 %. Conclusions: prior preventive care, professional care during extraction and post-extraction treatment will always be vital, elements to consider avoiding alveolitis, regardless of the type that occurs, according to the classification
Occlusal changes in primary dentition after treatment of dental interferences
No full textIntroduction: the treatment of malocclusions at an early age consists of selective carving that provides the child with a real possibility of adequate growth of the craniofacial complex.
Objective: to identify the occlusal characteristics in anteroposterior, transverse and vertical sense before and after treatment of occlusal interferences in children with posterior functional unilateral crossbite.
Methods: a longitudinal study was carried out with a panel design; The universe was made up of 632 children aged 3-5 years from the area belonging to the “Juan Manuel Páez Inchausti” polyclinic of the Isla de la Juventud municipality; The sampling was non-probabilistic, intentional, consisting of 20 patients with posterior functional unilateral crossbite, who underwent treatment for occlusal interferences. The data were presented in statistical tables and summarized in averages, standard deviation and percentages for better understanding.
Results: significant reductions occurred in all treated patients, with a significant reduction (p<0,05) in overjet and overshoot of 0,7 and 1,0mm respectively. The lower midline deviation was significantly corrected by an average of 2,2mm (p<0,05). Significant increases in maxillary transverse dimensions were achieved at the end of treatment.
Conclusions: the timely application of this method constitutes the ideal way to intercept dental malocclusions and prevent future dentomaxillofacial anomalies, as well as alterations of the temporomandibular join
Epidemiology of oral cancer
No full textOral cancer is one of the top ten locations of cancer incidence in the world and in Cuba. It is the most visible and the one that most aesthetically and functionally mutilates the patient, affecting them psychologically and having repercussions on their family and social environment. The objective was to describe the epidemiology of oral cancer. To develop this research, theoretical methods were used: analytical-synthetic and historical-logical analysis, in addition to the empirical method of documentary analysis. 20 bibliographies were selected. The behavior of this pathology varies between countries, influencing the way and lifestyle, which is one of the determinants of health, with smoking being the fundamental risk factor. It is more common in people over 60 years of age and in men in Cuba, where there is an organized program for the early detection of this cancer, and despite the promotion and prevention actions implemented, it continues to increas
Behavior of stomatological emergencies of dental origin. Mario Pozo Ochoa Stomatology Clinic. 2022-2023
No full textIntroduction: emergencies of dental origin develop in the tooth itself; Within this group of diseases are dental caries and its complications, as well as dental trauma.
Objective: to describe the behavior of stomatological emergencies of dental origin in patients treated in the Teaching Department of the Mario Pozo Ochoa Stomatological Clinic during the period from January 2022 to April 2023.
Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe consisted of all patients who came with a stomatological emergency of dental origin; 109 were selected through non-probabilistic sampling. The variables studied were: age group, sex, reason for consultation, nature of the emergency, type of dental emergency, dental emergency. The sources used were: observation and Individual Clinical History.
Results: the female sex predominated for 62,4% and the age group of 48-65 years for 39,5%. 33% of the patients came to the clinic reporting pain. Inflammatory emergencies predominated. Caries emergencies and their complications were present in 84,4% of the sample. Among stomatological emergencies of dental origin, acute dentoalveolar abscess prevailed in 25,7% of patients.
Conclusions: the most affected patients were between the fourth and sixth decades of life and belonged to the female sex. They came to the consultation motivated by the pain caused by caries and its complications; Acute dentoalveolar abscess was the most common emergenc
Use of radiographs in endodontic treatments in pregnant women
No full textX-rays are an effective method to diagnose alterations in hard tissues, which is why they are used in dental treatments; in Endodontics they are very useful. Pregnant women receive comprehensive dental care that includes pulpo-radicular treatments. The objective was: to describe the theoretical basis for the use of radiographs in pregnant women in need of endodontic treatment. A bibliographic review was carried out taking into account the most up-to-date scientific literature on the subject. 19 bibliographies were used. For the development of the research, the methods of documentary analysis, analytical-synthetic, and historical-logical analysis were used. The biological and clinical effects of X-rays, embryonic stages and their susceptibility to radiation, the use of X-rays in pregnant women and protective measures were presented. X-rays are not contraindicated in endodontic treatments in pregnant women, and are recommended in the second and third trimester of pregnanc