Nursing Depths Series
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Maternal knowledge and feeding practices in the prevention of child malnutrition: an analysis based on Nola Pender\u27s theory
No full textThe research focused on analysing child malnutrition from the perspective of Nola Pender\u27s Health Promotion Model, which was geared towards disease prevention and the promotion of healthy lifestyles. This model made it possible to understand that health was a dynamic process influenced by biological, social, cultural and environmental factors and that, in the case of children, malnutrition was a complex problem with multiple determinants. The presentation highlighted that child malnutrition could occur in acute and chronic forms, associated with both caloric and protein deficiencies, with serious consequences for children\u27s growth, cognitive development and school performance. It also showed that poverty, social inequalities, lack of food education and limited maternal knowledge were the main risk factors. From this perspective, the Pender Model provided a theoretical framework to guide preventive actions that promote health care and encourage appropriate feeding practices. Finally, it was concluded that the role of mothers was decisive in preventing malnutrition, as their knowledge directly influenced the selection, preparation and frequency of food provided to children. It was also highlighted that health education, access to basic resources and professional support were essential elements in reducing the prevalence of malnutrition and ensuring full development in childhood
Eating habits in older adults: an approach based on Neuman\u27s Systems Model
No full textIntroduction: Nutrition in old age was recognized as a key determinant of well-being and autonomy. Deficiencies and excesses in nutrition coexisted in older adults, with effects on morbidity, functionality, and quality of life. From a systems perspective, Betty Neuman\u27s model allowed for an understanding of the interaction between the individual and the environment, placing prevention and system stability as goals of care. Within this framework, the aim was to describe the quality of dietary practices and identify their main determinants.
Development: The study addressed eating habits as a result of interrelated factors: psychological (emotional state, stress), socioeconomic (income, family support, advertising), environmental (accessibility, portion size, eating in company), and physiological (hunger/satiety, senses, age). The quality of the practice was defined as adherence to specific recommendations and needs, incorporating diversity, balance, safety, and affordability. Critical requirements for older adults were reviewed—high biological value proteins, vitamins B12 and B6, calcium, magnesium, fiber, and water—and malnutrition (undernutrition, overweight/obesity, sarcopenia) was characterized. The nutritional assessment included dietary history and anthropometric and functional indicators. Based on Neuman\u27s model, behavior modification and nutrition education strategies were described, along with community actions to improve access and affordability, and the inclusion of adapted physical activity as an adjunct.
Conclusions: It was concluded that intervening in the nutrition of older adults required an integrated, person-centered approach based on Neuman\u27s Systems Model. Prioritizing systematic nutritional screening, protein-micronutrient prescription, continuing education with family support, and improvements in the food environment projected benefits on autonomy and quality of life. It was recommended that cost-effectiveness be evaluated and interventions be adapted to local heterogeneities
Resilience and nursing intervention in adolescents from an educational institution in a vulnerable area of Lima
No full textFamily relationships are very important during adolescence, as they allow the development of skills and behaviors that improve resilience. Therefore, the research objective is to determine resilience and nursing interventions in adolescents from an educational institution in a vulnerable area of Lima. This is a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study with a population of 571 adolescents who responded to a questionnaire on sociodemographic aspects and the Conno-Davidson resilience scale. The results showed that 157 (27.5%) of the adolescents had low resilience, 301 (52.7%) had medium resilience, and 113 (19.8%) had high resilience. In conclusion, family interventions should be considered to identify factors that put adolescents at risk in their early development
Maternal knowledge of child malnutrition at the John F. Kennedy Educational Unit, Santo Domingo, 2024
No full textThe objective of this research was to determine the level of maternal knowledge about child malnutrition in the Unidad Educativa John F. Kennedy, Santo Domingo, 2024. This project was applied on a quantitative approach and its design was non-experimental, which allowed the application of a form that provided valuable information on the objective presented. A total of 102 mothers with children enrolled in the aforementioned educational institution were taken as the population sample, the instrument used in this work was the test of knowledge about healthy eating. The most relevant results showed a low level of maternal knowledge about child malnutrition with 71.6%, presenting a satisfactory level in two dimensions corresponding to general knowledge (57.8%) and food selection (65.7%), but an unsatisfactory level in the other dimensions referring to preparation (79.4%), consumption (95.1%) and impact of feeding (56.9%). In summary, mothers have shown a low level of knowledge regarding the subject of this research, with a satisfactory level in only two of the five dimensions of the instrument applied
Risk assessment for developing type II diabetes among residents of the Libertad del Toachi neighbourhood, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas
No full textThe study evaluated the risk of developing type II diabetes mellitus in the inhabitants of Libertad del Toachi, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, in 2024. A quantitative approach was used, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design, applying the Findrisk test to a sample of 95 people selected by non-probabilistic sampling. The results indicated that 28% of the participants had a high risk of developing diabetes in the next two years. In particular, men showed a higher risk (15.2%) compared to women (11%), the analysis also revealed that 47.4% of the population studied suffered from obesity, a determining factor in the increased risk of type II diabetes mellitus. Although women reported greater participation in physical activity and more frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables, these behaviors were not sufficient to significantly reduce the risk of developing the disease, I know concluded that, despite individual efforts to improve lifestyle habits, a considerable risk of diabetes persists in the community, especially among men and people with obesity. This finding underscored the urgent need to implement prevention and control programs in the community, focused on promoting healthy eating and increasing physical activity. These programs would be crucial to reduce the incidence of type II diabetes mellitus in this vulnerable population
Technology and conscious eating: a necessary convergence
No full textIntroduction: In recent years, society presented a growing interest in leading a healthy life, which boosted the development of technological tools focused on a balanced diet. In this context, conscious eating has positioned itself as an essential practice. Andrea A. Fernández (2022) defined it as the act of paying full attention to the moment of eating, moving away from strict diets and promoting sustainable habits. The Universidad Valle del Grijalva reinforced this vision by understanding the eating plan as a comprehensive, personalized approach oriented to lasting wellness.Development: To support these habits, the development of mobile applications using modern technologies was proposed. SwiftUI, Apple\u27s framework, facilitated the creation of declarative and efficient interfaces. The MVVM architecture made it possible to better organize the code by separating the logic from the user interface, improving scalability. On the backend, Node.js enabled efficient handling of multiple simultaneous requests, while MongoDB offered flexibility in storing large volumes of unstructured data. In addition, analysis of existing applications revealed that many offered useful features such as product scanning or habit monitoring, but few managed to truly integrate a conscious, personalized approach.Conclusions: The analysis demonstrated that it was possible to unite advanced technology and mindful nutrition in an innovative solution. Opportunities were identified to design an application that would not only function as a monitoring tool, but also educate and motivate the user to adopt healthy habits, based on mindfulness and effective personalization
Episiotomy: from common practice to selective intervention
No full textEpisiotomy was a surgical incision made in the perineum during childbirth to facilitate the delivery of the baby and prevent severe tearing. Although traditionally used routinely, its use was questioned due to a lack of evidence of its benefits and the complications it could cause. Studies showed that it caused more pain and slower recovery than natural tearing. Complications included bleeding, infection, pain during sexual intercourse and, in severe cases, fistulas. The WHO advised against its routine use and promoted its use only in justified cases. In Argentina, although it was common, more restrictive policies were adopted, which showed better results for women
Application of Dorothea Orem\u27s Self-Care Deficit Theory in the comprehensive management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
No full textThe study examined type 2 diabetes mellitus from the perspective of Dorothea Orem\u27s Self-Care Deficit Theory and described how this approach guided nursing practice and research. It explained that self-care was a learned process that sustained life and well-being; when the subject did not meet their self-care demands, a deficit developed that required total or partial compensatory nursing systems and educational support. She reviewed the pathophysiology, noting that hyperglycaemia resulted from peripheral insulin resistance and progressive beta cell dysfunction, which predisposed individuals to chronic complications. He identified common signs and symptoms, classified the disease (type 1, type 2, and gestational), and specified modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, highlighting the role of overweight, poor diet, and sedentary lifestyle. He described how diagnosis was based on tests such as HbA1c and FPG, and how treatment combined lifestyle modifications with stepwise pharmacological therapies, usually starting with metformin and, depending on the response, insulin analogues or incretin drugs and SGLT-2 inhibitors. He noted that prevention was based on health education, a low glycaemic index diet and regular physical activity. Finally, he developed nursing care focused on education, continuous monitoring, early detection of complications and addressing social determinants, concluding that the Orem model strengthened patient autonomy and optimised clinical and community outcomes
Nursing care in the mental health of an underserved population in San Juan de Lurigancho
No full textMental health worldwide was in crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic, facing situations that compromised their lives and that of their families. In response, people showed negative factors such as depression, anxiety, and stress. Therefore, the research objective is to determine the nursing care in the mental health of an underserved population in San Juan de Lurigancho. This is a quantitative, descriptive-cross-sectional study, with 480 participants who answered a survey with sociodemographic data and the depression, anxiety, and stress scale. The results show that 39.8% had normal depression, 13.5% mild depression, 27.1% moderate depression, 4.8% severe depression, and 14.8% extremely severe depression. In conclusion, coping strategies must be implemented for young people and adults, allowing them to maintain their mental health in the face of risky situations that compromise their lives and that of their families
Stress in nurses working in health facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in North Lima
No full textWork-related stress in nursing professionals is one of the most common problems within their work environment. Factors such as a shortage of biosafety equipment, high patient demand, and inadequate communication between staff cause stress to increase considerably, interfering with quality patient care. Therefore, the research objective is to determine the stress level in nurses working in healthcare facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in North Lima. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a population of 255 nurses who answered a sociodemographic data questionnaire and the Spanish version of the Nursing Stress Scale. The results showed that 22.4% of professionals with service between 1 and 5 years had low stress, 43.9% medium stress, and 33.6% high stress. In conclusion, strategies should be implemented to maintain the mental health of nurses through counseling with specialized mental health professionals