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»Slepemu se pač olajša njegova tuga najbolj s tem, da se mu ustvarijo pogoji za kolikor mogoče samostojno preživljanje.«: Zgodovina izobraževanja slepih in slabovidnih otrok na Slovenskem v Zavodu za slepe in slabovidne v 20. stoletju
Get PDFThe paper explores the history of the education of blind and partially sighted children in Slovenia. After presenting the beginnings of caring for blind soldiers, it follows the establishment of the institution on Slovenian soil and its development throughout the 20th century. The paper sheds light on the challenges and progress in the education of the blind and describes how the education of the blind took place, what subjects were taught, what aids were used and what was the tiflopedagogical approach in this regard. The text introduces some of the tiflopedagogues and their contribution to the functioning of the institution and highlights the institution\u27s central role in empowering blind individuals to lead independent lives and pursue diverse careers.Prispevek raziskuje zgodovino izobraževanja slepih in slabovidnih otrok na Slovenskem. Po predstavitvi začetkov skrbi za slepe vojake, sledi ustanovitvi zavoda na slovenskih tleh in njegovemu razvoju skozi 20. stoletje. Prispevek osvetljuje izzive in napredke v izobraževanju slepih ter opisuje, kako je potekalo izobraževanje slepih, katerih predmetov so se učili, kakšne pripomočke so uporabljali in kakšen je bil tiflopedagoški pristop v tem oziru. Besedilo predstavi nekaj tiflopedagogov in njihov prispevek k delovanju zavoda in poudarja osrednjo vlogo institucije pri opolnomočenju slepih posameznikov, da zaživijo neodvisno življenje in si prizadevajo za raznolike kariere
Nekropola v Šempetru – prezrti rimski biser na domačih tleh? Katarina Šmid: Rimska nekropola Šempeter v Savinjski dolini. Umetnine v žepu 24. Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, Umetnostnozgodovinski inštitut Franceta Steleta, 2022. 100 strani.
Get PDFJadviga Golež - Špela: Učiteljica in funkcionarka mariborskega odporniškega gibanja
Get PDFIn this biographical and cultural-historical study, the author examines the life of the teacher Jadviga Golež (1911-1944), who was tragically affected by the Second World War, in the specific conditions of resistance in Maribor, on the border of cultural worlds and at the intersection of national myths. Already at the beginning of the Nazi occupation, the Maribor resident, who taught in the folk school in Šmartno ob Paki in the years before the war, was active in the resistance, and from mid-1943 until the spring of 1944 she was a central figure in the network of the teacher Dušan Špindler, then the main organiser of the Maribor resistance movement. She was a member of the District Committee of the Liberation Front (OF) and the District Committee of the Communist Party of Slovenia (KPS), and the first secretary of the city committee of the Slovenian Anti-Fascist Women’s Union. After leaving for the partisans in the spring of 1944, she became the deputy political commissar of the Lacko Battalion, and after it joined the Pohorje Detachment, she went to Pohorje herself. She continued to work as a courier in Gorenjska, then as a member of the OF district committee in Slovenske gorice. In August 1944, after being betrayed and arrested by the Gestapo and tortured in a prison cell, she committed suicide. The tragic biography of a teacher illustrates the hard and sure penetration of the female gender into the public sphere during the years of the Second World War and especially in the post-World War II era.Avtorica se v biografski in kulturnozgodovinski študiji ukvarja z življenjsko potjo učiteljice Jadvige Golež (1911–1944), ki jo je tragično prečila druga svetovna vojna, in to v specifičnih razmerah odporništva v Mariboru na meji kulturnih svetov in presečišču nacionalnih mitov. Že v začetku nacistične okupacije je Mariborčanka, ki je v letih pred vojno učila v ljudski šoli v Šmartnem ob Paki, delovala odporniško, od srede leta 1943 do pomladi 1944 pa je bila osrednja osebnost v mreži učitelja Dušana Špindlerja, tedaj glavnega organizatorja mariborskega odporniškega gibanja. Bila je članica Okrožnega odbora OF in Okrožnega komiteja KPS ter prva sekretarka mestnega odbora Slovenske protifašistične ženske zveze. Po odhodu v partizane spomladi 1944 je postala namestnica politkomisarja Lackovega bataljona, po njegovi priključitvi Pohorskemu odredu pa je tudi sama odšla na Pohorje. Še naprej je opravljala kurirsko službo na Gorenjsko, nato je bila članica okrožnega odbora OF v Slovenskih goricah. Avgusta 1944 je po izdaji in aretaciji Gestapa ter mučenju v zaporniški celici napravila samomor. Tragična biografija učiteljice ilustrira trd in zanesljiv prodor ženskega spola v javni prostor v letih druge svetovne vojne in posebej v epohi po njej
»Na enkrat so od vsih strani šumeči hudourniki priderli, ter reko Savino tako napolnili, da se je ta, kakor skorej še nikdar poprej, sila visoka narastla«: Protipoplavni ukrepi na Savinji in pritokih od srede 19. stoletja do začetka regulacije na trasi Mozirje – Levec (1876)
Get PDFThe Savinja River and its tributaries have been subject to considerable flooding in the past due to snowmelt and heavy rainfall. In the first half of the 19th century, Celje and the Savinja Valley were hit by the worst floods in 1814 and 1824, and in the second half of the century, the worst flooding was at the very beginning, in 1851. If the Celje District Office had been dealing with the river and its tributaries since the beginning of the 19th century, after the flood of 1851 they tried to take a more serious approach to the training of the »mountain« river. But until the systematic training between Mozirje and Levec in 1876-93, work was still rather inconsistent and slow.Savinja s pritoki je bila zaradi taljenja snega in nalivov v preteklosti precej poplavna. V prvi polovici 19. stoletja sta Celje in Savinjsko dolino prizadeli najhujši poplavi v letih 1814 in 1824, v drugi polovici stoletja pa je najhuje poplavilo čisto na začetku, leta 1851. Če se je okrožni urad Celje vse od začetka 19. stoletja sicer že ukvarjal z reko in njenimi pritoki, so po poplavi leta 1851 skušali resneje pristopiti k regulaciji »planinske« reke. Toda do sistematične regulacije med Mozirjem in Levcem v letih 1876-93 so dela potekala še zmeraj precej nedosledno in počasi
O zaščitnih sestrah, zdravstvu in dinastiji Karađorđević: Podpora jugoslovanske kraljeve družine zdravstvu in medicinskim sestram
Get PDFBetween the two world wars, a new preventive approach to public health was introduced in the field of medicine. Within this framework, training for a new profession – social care nurses – was also introduced. The Karađorđević royal family was very supportive of this new medical approach and profession and its mission. They were connected to and supported them in various ways. The article discusses some of the connections and forms of support for healthcare, with an emphasis on the Slovenian region.V času med obema svetovnima vojnama je bila na področju medicine vpeljana nova preventivna smer: javno zdravje. V teh okvirih je bilo vpeljano tudi izobraževanja novega poklica – zaščitne sestre. Kraljeva družina Karađorđević je bila dobrohotno naklonjena novi medicinski smeri in poklicu ter poslanstvu poklica. Tako in drugače so bili z njimi povezani in jih podpirali. Članek govori o nekaterih povezavah in oblikah naklonjenosti zdravstvu s poudarkom na slovenskem območju
Sistem varstva otrok in mladih z motnjami v telesnem ali duševnem razvoju na Hrvaškem med dvema svetovnima vojnama
No full textBased on archival sources and literature, the aim of this paper is to present the formal support system for children and young people with disabilities in Croatia between the two world wars. After the presentation and analysis of the social, legal and organizational context of providing formal support for children and young people with disabilities between 1919 and 1939, the analysis of care in institutions for children and young people with visual impairments, hearing impairments, mental health problems and intellectual disabilities is going to be presented. Social status and accommodation of children and young people with disabilities who were users of the formal support system are also presented, as well as the determinants and characteristics of that system. It can be concluded that the majority of children and youth with disabilities who were users of institutions lived in the conditions of poverty and that their families could not provide them with adequate care. It can also be concluded that institutional accommodation for children and young people with disabilities was organized according to the contemporary rules of health and educational care, but the results of this kind of formal support was children and youth with disabilities´ segregation from society.Namen prispevka je na podlagi arhivskih virov in literature predstaviti formalni sistem pomoči otrokom in mladim invalidom na Hrvaškem med 2. svetovnima vojnama. Po predstavitvi in analizi družbenega, pravnega in organizacijskeg konteksta zagotavljanja formalne podpore invalidnim otrokom in mladostnikom med letoma 1919 in 1939 sledi analiza varstva v zavodih za otroke in mladostnike z okvarami vida, sluha, duševnimi in intelektualnimi težavami. Socialni status invalidnih otrok in mladostnikov, ki so bili uporabniki formalnega sistema pomoči, ter determinantah in značilnostih tega sistemaso so bili tudi analizirani. Sklepamo lahko, da je večina invalidnih otrok in mladostnikov, ki so bili uporabniki zavodov, živela v razmerah revščine in da jim njihove družine niso mogle zagotoviti ustrezne oskrbe. Prav tako lahko sklepamo, da je bilo institucionalno bivanje invalidnih otrok in mladostnikov organizirano po sodobnih pravilih zdravstvenega in vzgojno-izobraževalnega varstva, vendar je bila posledica tovrstne formalne podpore segregacija invalidnih otrok in mladine iz družbe
Vloga centra/oddelka/urada za poklicno svetovanje pri postavljanju temeljev dela z invalidnimi otroki in mladostniki v Zagrebu po 2. svetovni vojni: zgodovinska in psihološka perspektiva
No full textThe Vocational Counselling Centre/Department/Office started operating in 1932 as a psychological-medical reaction to the economic needs of the time: the lack of qualified labour in interwar Croatia and an institution for youth educational and vocational guidance. It was the first institution in Croatia (and beyond) that based professional advice on health and psychological assessments and performed its mission with unprecedented dedication. From the very beginning of its work, the Centre/Office conducted assessments and educational/ vocational guidance of children and youth with disabilities (CYD). However, the work with this population intensified from the middle of 1945 and lasted until the Centre/Office stopped operating in 1948. In the Centre/Office’s dealings with CYD, the social sensitivity for this population manifested itself in systematic assessments and related counselling and the development of population-adapted psychodiagnostic instruments in cooperation with the relevant health and educational institutions. From the psychological, professional, and academic viewpoint, the Centre/Office followed the world standards in the discipline (counselling based on broad cognitive and specific psychomotor abilities). The Centre/Office’s psychologists translated and adapted the contemporaneous psychodiagnostic instruments and created their own, including those for CYD. The HR-DAZG-239 fonds of the State Archives in Zagreb was used to present the psychological part of the Centre/Office’s work with CYD (containing findings regarding approximately 200 CYD). With its expertise, strong academic foundations, and organisational capacities, the work of the Centre/Office represented the beginning of professional care for children and youth with disabilities in Croatia from the perspective of social sciences.Center/Oddelek/Urad za poklicno svetovanje je začel delovati leta 1932 kot psihološko-medicinski odziv na gospodarske potrebe tistega časa: pomanjkanje kvalificirane delovne sile v medvojnem obdobju na Hrvaškem in odsotnost ustanove za izobraževalno in poklicno usmerjanje mladih. To je bila prva ustanova na Hrvaškem (in širše), katere strokovno svetovalno delo je temeljilo na zdravstvenem in psihološkem ocenjevanju. Svoje poslanstvo je opravljala zelo predano. Center/Urad je že od začetka delovanja ocenjeval in izobraževalno/poklicno usmerjal invalidne otroke in mladostnike. Delo s to populacijo se je še okrepilo od sredine leta 1945 do leta 1948, ko je Center/Urad prenehal delovati. Pri delu Centra/Urada z otroki in mladostniki s posebnimi potrebami se je socialna občutljivost za to populacijo kazala v sistematičnem ocenjevanju in s tem povezanem svetovanju, razvoju populaciji prilagojenih psihodiagnostičnih orodij ter sodelovanju z ustreznimi zdravstvenimi in izobraževalnimi ustanovami. S psihološkega, strokovnega in akademskega vidika je Center/Urad upošteval svetovne standarde na tem področju (svetovanje na podlagi širokih kognitivnih in specifičnih psihomotoričnih sposobnosti). Psihologi Centra/Urada so prevajali in prilagajali sodobna psihodiagnostična orodja ter ustvarjali svoja, vključno s tistimi za invalidne otroke in mladostnike. Pri predstavitvi psihološkega dela dejavnosti Centra/Urada, namenjenih invalidnim otrokom in mladostnikom (rezultati za približno 200 invalidnih otrok in mladostnikov), je bil uporabljen fond HR-DAZG-239 Državnega arhiva v Zagrebu. S strokovnim znanjem, trdno akademsko osnovo in organizacijskimi zmogljivostmi je delo Centra/Urada predstavljalo začetek strokovne oskrbe invalidnih otrok in mladostnikov na Hrvaškem z vidika družbenih ved
Examining the Representation of Intellectual Disability during the Soviet Times and after Regaining Independence in Latvia: a Case Study of Children’s Care Home No. 2, Baldone
No full textOver the decades, media and cultural narratives have significantly influenced political discourses, often depicting idealized representations of individuals with attractive characteristics to further the aims and ideals of socialism. Scholars in disability studies focusing on the Eastern European context have observed that during the Soviet era, individuals with disabilities in visual arts and media were frequently portrayed through specific narratives that emphasized themes of heroism, pity, and care. This portrayal was profoundly shaped by Soviet ideology, underpinning social myths that prioritized physical well-being and productivity as fundamental preconditions for societal participation. Individuals who did not conform to these standards faced disqualification and discrimination, leading to their exclusion from visual culture and media.
This paper seeks to investigate the representation and perception of children with intellectual disabilities in Latvia, tracing the evolution from the Soviet era to contemporary times. It will provide a comprehensive overview of the history of Children’s Care Home No. 2 in Baldone. Furthermore, this article will analyze the representation of the institution and the depiction of children with intellectual disabilities in printed media from the establishment of the institution in 1969 until its closure in 2019. A thorough examination of all media references pertaining to the institution will be conducted to illuminate the ideological narratives that have emerged and transformed over the decades.V preteklih desetletjih so medijski in kulturni narativi pomembno vplivali na politične diskurze in pogosto prikazovali idealizirane podobe posameznikov s privlačnimi lastnostmi, da bi podprli cilje in ideale socializma. Znanstveniki, ki proučujejo invalidnost in se osredotočajo na vzhodnoevropski kontekst, ugotavljajo, da so bili v času Sovjetske zveze invalidi v likovni umetnosti in medijih pogosto prikazani skozi posebne narative, ki so poudarjali motive junaštva, sočutja in skrbi. To podobo je močno oblikovala sovjetska ideologija, na kateri so temeljili družbeni miti, ki so dajali prednost telesnemu blagostanju in produktivnosti kot temeljnima pogojema za sodelovanje v družbi. Posamezniki, ki niso ustrezali tem standardom, so bili diskvalificirani in diskriminirani ter posledično izključeni iz vizualne kulture in medijev.
Namen tega prispevka je raziskati, kako sta se podoba in dojemanje otrok z motnjami v duševnem razvoju v Latviji razvijala od sovjetskega obdobja do sodobnosti. Predstavljen je pregled zgodovine Doma za otroke št. 2 v mestu Baldone. Članek vsebuje tudi analizo podobe ustanove in prikazovanja otrok z motnjami v duševnem razvoju v tiskanih medijih od odprtja te ustanove leta 1969 do njenega zaprtja leta 2019. Vse medijske reference, ki se nanašajo na to ustanovo, so temeljito preučene, da bi osvetlile ideološke narative, ki so se pojavljali in spreminjali skozi desetletja
Med slavo in pozabo – Norbert von Wurzbach, pl. Tannenberg
No full textThe article explores a fragment from the history of the wealthy and little-known Wurzbach family in Slovenia, whose individuals occupied exceedingly prominent positions until the beginning of World War I. It focuses on the unexplored life of Norbert von Wurzbach (1906–1984), who devoted much of his career to the army of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He was an officer in the Royal Yugoslav Army and later a major in the German Wehrmacht. His dedication to his profession is also evidenced by the fact that he was one of the few to successfully complete the highest level of military training – the General Staff Training – at the age of thirty-two and was highly successful and respected in his work. World War II and the collapse of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia changed his career path in many ways. After World War II, he retreated to Berchtesgaden, where he became a successful journalist. He is buried in the Wurzbach family tomb in Preddvor in Gorenjska, his hometown.Prispevek obravnava izsek iz zgodovine bogate in slabo poznane rodbine Wurzbach na Slovenskem, katere posamezniki so zasedali izjemno pomembne položaje vse do začetka prve svetovne vojne. Osredotoča se na še neraziskano življenjsko pot Norberta von Wurzbacha (1906–1984), ki je karierni del življenja posvetil zlasti vojski Kraljevine Jugoslavije. Bil je častnik jugoslovanske kraljeve vojske in kasneje major nemškega Wehrmachta. O njegovi predanosti svojemu poklicu priča dejstvo, da je kot eden redkih, že pri dvaintridesetih letih, uspešno končal najvišjo stopnjo vojaškega usposabljanja – generalštabno usposabljanje – in bil pri svojem delu zelo uspešen in cenjen. Druga svetovna vojna in razpad Kraljevine Jugoslavije sta v marsičem spremenila njegovo začrtano karierno pot. Po koncu druge svetovne vojne se je umaknil v Berchtesgaden, kjer je postal uspešen novinar. Pokopan je v grobnici rodbine Wurzbach v Preddvoru na Gorenjskem – v svojem domačem kraju
