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Trije Slovenci, pa smo zbor: Vloga petja in ljubiteljske pevske dejavnosti v procesih narodnega prebujanja pri Slovencih v 19. stoletju
No full textSinging and institutionalized vocal practices played a vital role in the processes of Slovenian national awakening during the 19th century. Singing, which was perceived as an elevated form of music, emerging from the primordial, »folk« and transcendental – following the ideas of European Romanticism – inherently holds two of the most important elements of the national imaginary: language and (national) emotions. Reading societies (čitalnice) and other forms of cultural and political life in the second half of the 19th century initiated processes of institutionalization of singing and mass participation in vocal groups, primarily choirs. Vocal performances were held at various manifestations of national awakening (for instance bésede) and the repertoire was dominated by what were called evocative songs (budnice), written to perpetuate the conceptual nation and nationality of Slovenians. As with singing itself, the collective nature of mass amateur singing activity and various forms of cooperation between separate vocal groups helped with the definition and bonding of the imagined Slovenian community that was being newly formed. The paper is based on various Slovenian newspaper articles of the 19th century.Petje in pevska dejavnost sta v procesih narodnega prebujanja Slovencev v 19. stoletju odigrala zelo pomembno vlogo. Petje, ki je bilo v tem ključnem obdobju pod vplivom romantične misli predstavljeno kot povzdignjena oblika glasbenega izraza, utemeljena v primordialnem, »ljudskem«, celo v transcendentnem, v sebi združuje dva najpomembnejša elementa procesov zamišljanja katerega koli naroda: jezik in (nacionalna) čustva. Razvoj čitalnic in drugih forumov kulturnega in političnega življenja v drugi polovici devetnajstega stoletja je sprožil procese institucionalizacije petja in množičnega združevanja ljudi v pevske sestave, predvsem pevske zbore. Petje je spremljalo različne manifestacije narodnega prebujanja (na primer t.i. bésede), repertoar pa so zaznamovale budnice, programsko pisane skladbe s funkcijo posredovanja narodnih idej. Tako kot samo petje, sta tudi množičnost ljubiteljske pevske dejavnosti ter sodelovanje med posameznimi društvi in pevskimi sestavi pomembno prispevala h definiciji in povezovanju nastajajoče zamišljene skupnosti Slovencev. Osnova za razmišljanje v prispevku so odlomki člankov slovenskega časopisja v 19. stoletju
»Ostrupljanje s klobaso«: Nekaj ugrizov v klobčič kranjske klobase in narodnega ponosa, zvit v slovenskem časopisju od pomladi narodov do konca prve svetovne vojne
No full textThe article is based on the thesis that the Krainer sausage (kranjska klobasa) had an important role in the formation and development of Slovenian national awareness in the period between the spring of nations and the end of World War I (and later). It primarily focuses on the role of the Krainer sausage in strengthening national pride, more specifically, on the ways in which Slovenian newspapers – undoubtedly an important factor in the reproduction of Slovenian national identity – substantiated national pride by writing about the Krainer sausage. The article presents the following three sets of newspaper articles that in different ways touch upon the relationship between national pride and the Krainer sausage: texts that praise the glory, fame and distinction of Krainer sausages; newspaper articles about various boycotts of Krainer sausages; and a few sporadic texts that present the position of the Krainer sausage in various international disputes.Članek sloni na tezi, da je imela kranjska klobasa pomembno mesto v oblikovanju in razvoju slovenske narodne zavesti v obdobju od pomladi narodov do konca prve svetovne vojne (pa seveda tudi pozneje). Pri tem se omeji predvsem na vlogo kranjske klobase v krepitvi narodnega ponosa, ali še konkretneje, na vprašanje, kako, na kakšne načine je slovensko časopisje – nedvomno zelo pomemben dejavnik reprodukcije slovenske narodne identitete – krepčalo narodni ponos s pisanjem o kranjski klobasi. Predstavljeni so trije tematski sklopi časopisnih besedil, ki se na različne načine dotikajo odnosov med narodnim ponosom in kranjsko klobaso: besedila, ki opevajo slavo, poznanost, imenitnost kranjskih klobas, časopisni članki, ki pričajo o takih ali drugačnih bojkotih kranjskih klobas, in nekaj zelo razpršenih besedil, ki predstavijo mesto kranjske klobase v različnih mednacionalnih sporih
Pomisli vendar: Pomisli na jutri. O zgodovini (samo)odgovornosti. Andrej Studen (Ur.). Ljubljana: Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino, 2012. 280 strani. (Vpogledi; 6)
No full textŠiroka ponudba »proizvodov s posebnim namenom«: Pota jugoslovanske trgovine z orožjem in nekaj sumljivih zgodbic v zvezi z njo
No full textBased on the memories of a few leading Yugoslav military servicemen, the article presents certain practices that were common in the global arms trade, but which did not necessarily fit the ideological framework of the Second Yugoslav state. The susceptibility of state officials to corruption in the developing countries often facilitated arms deals, and the Yugoslav arms trade followed patterns that were based on a non-aligned policy and that were becoming increasingly inefficient. One ideological problem was the commission payment that opened every door and made competitive business possible. This commission was obviously seen as unacceptable and immoral, if pragmatic; however, using “modern marketing methods” was essential for survival in the market. The arms trade and accompanying services contributed twice as much to the Yugoslav budget as tourism; consequently, refusal to recognize the commission/bribery concept in the 1980s was no longer an option.Prispevek na podlagi spominov nekaterih vodilnih jugoslovanskih vojaških uslužbencev prikazuje določene prakse, ki so v svetovni trgovini z orožjem predstavljale stalnico, vendar pa se niso nujno vklapljale v ideološke okvire delovanja druge jugoslovanske države. Koruptivnost visokih državnih uradnikov v državah v razvoju je pogosto omogočala izpeljavo vojaških poslov, jugoslovanska orožarska trgovina pa se je oklepala vzorcev delovanja, ki so temeljili na politiki neuvrščenosti in postajali vse manj učinkoviti. Ideološki problem je predstavljalo plačevanje provizij, ki je odpiralo vsa vrata in omogočalo konkurenčno poslovanje. Razvidno je dojemanje provizij kot nečesa nedopustnega in nemoralnega, čeprav pragmatičnega, vendar je bilo poseganje po »modernih metodah obdelovanja tržišča« nujno potrebno za obstoj na trgu. Trgovina z orožjem in spremljajočimi storitvami je namreč v jugoslovanski proračun prinašala dvakrat več kot turizem, zato nerazumevanje koncepta provizije/podkupnine v osemdesetih letih ni prišlo več v poštev
»Vi vse za cesarja strite, na babo pa sam gre!«: O žaljenju Franca Jožefa v prvem desetletju njegove cesarske kariere
No full textThe ever-popular practice of insulting the authorities and their highest representatives has been prosecuted and penalized in different ways at different times. The article presents examples of penalties for disrespectful talk about the Emperor Franz Joseph in the 1850s, when the 1852 Penal Code applied. One particularly interesting case is that of a slanderer who was sentenced to the maximum punishment available, i.e. five years of close arrest. The case is extraordinary owing to the length of the penalty because usually the insulters of His Majesty were sentenced to a few months behind bars.Vedno aktualno žaljenje oblasti in njenih najvišjih predstavnikov se je seveda v različnih obdobjih različno preganjalo in kaznovalo. Primeri v prispevku predstavljajo kaznovanje grdega govorjenja o cesarju Francu Jožefu v petdesetih letih 19. stoletja, ko je bil aktualen kazenski zakonik iz leta 1852. Zanimiv je zlasti primer, ko je bil obrekovalec obsojen na maksimalno zagroženo kazen, to je pet let strogega zapora. Primer izstopa zaradi dolžine izrečene kazni, saj so sicer žalivce Njegovega Veličanstva kaznovali z največ nekaj meseci zapora
»Kjer se pijančevanje ustavi, red in sreča se zopet pojavi«: Drobec o protialkoholnem boju v času povojne psihoze
No full textThe anti-alcohol movement in Slovenia had little to brag about in the years after the First World War. On the one hand, the time of postwar psychosis was marked by general indigence and famine prices; on the other, by a rich social life that functioned as a mental factor in creating stability. Alcohol, nicotine and syphilis ruled the world after the First World War. Older generations were particularly concerned about the young, who were growing up immersed in decadence, cruelty, indulgence in pleasures and a lack of ideals. This postwar psychosis pushed people into headless merrymaking, careless debauchery and excessive drinking, which caused considerable damage to the national economy. The most adamant fighters against alcoholism in the years after the First World War were people whose main impetus arose from educational-moral, national-economic and eugenic principles. This article highlights the views of two anti-alcohol fighters who worked in Celje during the postwar psychosis. Emilijan Lilek supported US-style prohibition. Fedor Mikič emphasized that the evil of alcoholism could only be fought with the help of the state and maintained that drunkenness was the main cause of the dire economic situation in the country. However, in spite of the anti-alcohol fighters’ efforts, alcoholism as one of the most serious Slovene folk conditions could not be healed.Protialkoholno gibanje na Slovenskem se tudi v letih po prvi svetovni vojni ni moglo pohvaliti z vidnejšimi uspehi. Čas povojne psihoze je na eni strani zaznamovalo vsesplošno pomanjkanje in neznosna draginja, po drugi pa tudi nadvse živahno družabno življenje, ki je delovalo kot nekakšen mentalni faktor stabilizacije. Po prvi svetovni vojni so svetu zavladali alkohol, nikotin in sifilis. Strah za prihodnje rodove naj bi vzbujala zlasti mladina, ki odrašča v razbrzdanosti, surovosti, vdajanju užitkom in brez vzorov. Povojna psihoza je ljudi gnala v brezglavo rajanje, brezbrižno razuzdanost in neizmerno popivanje, ki je povzročalo tudi veliko škodo v narodnem gospodarstvu. V boju proti alkoholizmu so se v letih po prvi svetovni vojni najbolj angažirali ljudje, ki so to počeli iz vzgojno moralnega, narodnogospodarskega in evgeničnega stališča. Pričujoča razprava izpostavlja poglede dveh protialkoholnih borcev, ki sta v času povojne psihoze delovala v Celju. Emilijan Lilek se je zavzemal za prohibicijo po vzoru Združenih držav Amerike. Fedor Mikič je poudarjal, da je uspešno delovanje proti zlu alkoholizma možno samo s pomočjo države, pijanstvo pa da je največji povzročitelj slabega gospodarskega stanja v državi. A alkoholizma kot ene najtežjih slovenskih ljudskih bolezni napori protialkoholnih borcev tudi v naslednjih letih niso uspeli ozdraviti
»Nikoli več ne bova prijatelja! Pa mi nikar ne očitaj beračije!«: O uboju, nerodnem svaštvu in kriminalistični preiskavi pri kapelici nad Železniki leta 1910
No full textThe narrative is of two friends from the vicinity of Železniki, who later became relatives by marriage. They helped one another with work around the farm and often fought; however, they were also quickly reconciled (at least on the outside). They were well known with the locals but in different ways. Each was politically active in his own way, and they provided the legally agreed right to subsistence to their parents--one of them more readily than the other. They lived in a small town with a politically-ardent clergyman in whose courtyard members of the liberal gymnastic society Sokol often exercised. One of them was sarcastic, the other sensitive, in particular after a glass or two. They had common friends, who helped and occasionally reproached each other if anyone mentioned the old debts. Nothing out of the ordinary; however, one summer Sunday, all that went to hell. The friendship of the two faded over time and burst into open aggression occasionally; one Sunday it so escalated that a criminal investigation was launched against one of the two, resulting in a court sentence. Criminology and forensic science were young and interdisciplinary practices; the latter established itself at the turn of the century. The emerging practice of criminology needed a methodological apparatus, which, however, was mostly uncritically based on the natural sciences. The investigating judge called on the help of court experts, whom he directed in an effort to explain the cases in an objective manner and prove the criminal act. Forensic photography became the ideal of objectivity. “Decontaminated” of additional interpretation, it represented a useful means of inquiry and announced the arrival of the modern investigating judge--Including our case.Pripoved govori o dveh prijateljih iz okolice Železnikov, ki sta kasneje postala svaka. Pomagala sta si pri gospodarskih opravilih, pogosto sta se sporekla, vendar hitro tudi pobotala (vsaj na videz). Pri krajanih sta bila dobro poznana, ampak različno zapisana. Vsak po svoje sta bila politično angažirana, skrbela sta tudi za starše v obliki preužitka; eden lažje kot drugi. Bila sta krajana majhne občine, v kateri je pridigal politično zagret župnik, na njegovem dvorišču pa so včasih telovadili liberalni Sokoli. Eden je bil zbadljiv, drugi občutljiv, zlasti ob kozarčku. Imela sta skupne prijatelje, kateri so si med seboj pomagali, tudi kdaj očitali, če je kdo spominjal na stare dolgove. Nič posebnega, ampak neko poletno nedeljo je šlo vse k vragu. Njuno prijateljstvo je skozi čas minevalo, občasno se je sprevrglo v odkrito agresijo, neko nedeljo celo tako hudo, da je proti enemu izmed obeh bila sprožena kriminalistična preiskava, ki je privedla do sodnega epiloga. Kriminologija in kriminalistika sta bili mladi ter interdisciplinarni vedi, slednja se je pričela uveljavljati na prelomu stoletja. Porajajoča kriminalistika je potrebovala metodološki aparat, kateri je bil pretežno nekritično črpan iz naravoslovnih ved. Preiskovalni sodnik si je pomagal z izvedenci, usmerjajoč jih v želji po objektivni razlagi primera ter dokazovanju kaznivega dejanja. Ideal objektivnosti je pričela predstavljati forenzična fotografija. »Dekontaminirana« dodatnih interpretacij je predstavljala uporabno poizvedovalno sredstvo in naznanjala prihod modernega preiskovalnega sodnika. Tudi v našem primeru
Skrivnostni poveljnik največje avstroogrske letalske enote na soški fronti: Oris življenja Franca Rabiča
No full textSkrivnostni poveljnik največje avstroogrske letalske enote na soški fronti. Oris življenja Franca Rabič
