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V eni sapi ena knjiga: Andrej Rahten: Zavezništva in delitve: Razvoj slovensko-hrvaških političnih odnosov v habsburški monarhiji 1848–1918
No full textAndrej Rahten: Zavezništva in delitve: Razvoj slovensko-hrvaških političnih odnosov v habsburški monarhiji 1848–191
»Tudi lažje delo, če traja 13 ur in pol na dan, je prenaporno za nežna otroška leta in ubija duha«: K zgodovini otroškega dela v ljubljanskem guberniju
No full textThe article presents the report addressed to the Gubernium of Ljubljana made out by the regional bureaus of Ljubljana, Postojna, Novo mesto and Villach, as well as the Ordinary\u27s Offices of the Ljubjana, Lavantine and Krško bishoprics and the directorate of the Association for the Support and Promotion of Industry and Craftsmanship in Inner Austria on the subject of child labour in factories. The survey was conducted in 1839/1840 throughout the empire. Its intent was to ascertain whether the existing regulations were being adhered to or whether it was necessary to adopt new, more precise legal measures regarding child labour. The result of the survey was the Decree passed by the Court Office in 1842 regulating the duration of the working shifts of children employed by factories. In parallel to this, the article also presents the legislation pertaining to the regulation of this problem in the Hapsburg monarchy from the first empirical decree passed in 1786, up until the Craftsmen\u27s Statute issued in 1859. In connection with this topic, the author also examines the workings of Sunday schools and revision classes, as well as the attempts to found factory schools. It is evident from the report that child labour was employed on the territory of Slovenia in the cotton mills in Ajdovščina and Ljubljana, the sugar refinery in Ljubljana and in some of its affiliated factories in Carinthia. However, the practice was not so widespread due to the poor concentration of industrial plants in the land.V članku predstavljamo poročilo okrožnih uradov v Ljubljani, Postojni, Novem mestu in Beljaku ter ordinariatov ljubljanske, lavantinske in krške škofije in direkcije Društva za podpiranje in pospeševanje industrije in obrti v Notranji Avstriji ljubljanskemu guberniju glede otroškega dela v tovarnah. Anketa je v letih 1839/1840 potekala v celotnem cesarstvu z namenom raziskati ali se obstoječi predpisi upoštevajo in ali je potrebno sprejeti nove, bolj določne zakonske ukrepe, njen rezultat pa je bil ureditev delovnega časa otrok zaposlenih v tovarnah z odlokom dvorne pisarne iz leta 1842. Poleg tega v članku predstavljamo še zakonodajo, ki se je nanašala na ureditev tozadevne problematike v Habsburški monarhiji, od prve cesarske odredbe iz leta 1786, do Obrtnega reda iz leta 1859. V zvezi s tem omenjamo še nedeljske šole in ponavljalni pouk, prav tako tudi poskuse ustanovitev tovarniških šol. Iz poročila je razvidno, da je bilo tovarniško delo otrok v slovenskih deželah prisotno v ajdovski in ljubljanski bombažni predilnici, ljubljanski sladkorni rafineriji in nekaterih koroških obratih, vendar pa zaradi slabe koncentracije industrije na tem prostoru ni bilo močneje razširjeno
Slovaki: »najboljši Ogri« ali »svobodni narod«? Podoba Slovakov v madžarskem tisku v letih 1914– 1918
No full textIn his study, the author analyses the changing ways in which the Slovak speaking population of the north-western part of the Hungarian Kingdom was represented during the years of the Great War. This period was permeated by the predominant ideology of the Magyar political nation, which presented all the inhabitants of Translitania, including those of non-Magyar ethnicity as Magyars and as the sole nation within the borders of the Hungarian Kingdom. The non-Hungarian population of the Kingdom was subsequently presented to the world in ways that would fit this idea of a unitary Hungarian nation. The present article is based on the analysis of five Magyar regional newspapers in which the author explores the usage of various categories and stereotypes featured in representations of the Slovaks. The author argues that the images of the Slovaks presented to the public before and during the Great War were neither unvarying nor inadvertently distorted (as is usually assumed by historians), but that, on the contrary, they were diverse and contingent upon the prevailing Hungarian nationalist ideology as well as upon developments in the domestic and foreign political arenas.V svoji študiji avtor analizira načine in spremembe reprezentacij slovaško govoreče populacije severozahodnega dela Ogrske tekom Velike vojne. Ta doba je bila prežeta s prevladujočo ideologijo ogrskega političnega naroda, ki je Ogre – vse prebivalce Translajtanije vključno z nemadžarskimi narodnostmi – predstavljala kot edini narod v mejah Ogrske. Članek temelji na analizah petih madžarskih regionalnih časopisov, v katerih avtor raziskuje rabo različnih kategorij in stereotipov, ki so jih uporabljali za reprezentacije Slovakov. Avtor trdi, da predstavljene podobe Slovakov pred in med Veliko vojno niso bile nespremenljive niti nenamerne, kot jih pogosto predstavljajo zgodovinarji, ampak spremenljive in odvisne od prevladujoče ogrske nacionalistične ideologije kot tudi od razvoja posameznih političnih dogodkov doma in po svetu
Dr. Tomaž Furlan versus bela smrt: Zdravnik, ki je pisal s klicaji!
No full textDr. Tomaž Furlan versus bela smr
Med Slovenskim narodnim vprašanjem in Slovensko nacionalno zgodovino – komentarji k Slovenski novejši zgodovini
No full textMed Slovenskim narodnim vprašanjem in Slovensko nacionalno zgodovino – komentarji k Slovenski novejši zgodovin
Habsburg ali Hitler: Soočenje Kraljevine Jugoslavije in Češkoslovaške republike z možnostjo restavracije Habsburžanov na Dunaju
No full textThe author analyzes the confrontation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Czechoslovak Republic with the possibility of the restoration of the Hapsburgs in Vienna in the 1930s. The article focuses particularly on the divergent positions in international politics in which both countries found themselves. This position conditioned different views in terms of both the alliances and political questions in the Danubian area, as well as the question of the future of Austria. The author arrives at the conclusion that the problem of Austria did put the Czechoslovak-Yugoslavian alliance to the test; however, he simultaneously emphasizes that the two countries remained unanimous on one point: the question of the restoration of the Hapsburgs. Both of them found unacceptable the scenario in which Otto would ascend the throne in Vienna.Avtor v razpravi analizira soočenje Kraljevine Jugoslavije in Češkoslovaške republike z možnostjo restavracije Habsburžanov na Dunaju v tridesetih letih dvajsetega stoletja. Pri tem se posebej posveča različnemu mednarodnopolitičnemu položaju, v katerem sta se tedaj znašli obe državi. Slednji je namreč pogojeval drugačne poglede tako na zavezništva in politična vprašanja v Podonavju, kot tudi na vprašanje bodoče usode Avstrije. Avtor ugotavlja, da se je ob avstrijskem problemu sicer res lomilo češkoslovaško-jugoslovansko zavezništvo, vendar obenem poudarja, da so se stališča obeh držav v eni točki še naprej ujemala. Pri vprašanju restavracije Habsburžanov. Scenarij, po katerem bi Otto zasedel dunajski prestol, je bil nesprejemljiv za obe
Razmislek k metodologiji v ustni zgodovini
No full textThe article deals with some methodological and theoretical questions and issues involving oral history. The author tries to explain what is encompassed in the field of oral history. The article focuses on the pitfalls and advantages of the use of oral sources, interview methods and field work.Prispevek obravnava nekatera metodološka in teoretična vprašanja oz. dileme ustne zgodovine. Avtorica skuša pojasniti, kaj zajema polje proučevanja ustne zgodovine. V nadaljevanju se prispevek osredotoča na pasti in prednosti uporabe ustnih virov in metode intervjuja ter terenskega dela
Slovensko dijaštvo, alkohol, burševstvo in ženske
No full textMasaryk not only exerted an influence on a large part of Slovene youth in a political and ideological sense; the young also adopted his recommendations regarding a healthy and ethical attitude towards life. One of the more important questions for Czech society at the time was that of alcoholism. Masaryk, who was a university Professor, published a special brochure about this problem. The nationally radical high-school student movement in Slovenia, which to a great extent followed Masaryk\u27s views and suggestions, believed this to be one of the key questions or problems for highschool and university student societies in Vienna, and Graz as well as in Prague. The periodical Omladina published a number of articles in which students - in most cases - made reference precisely to Masaryk\u27s warnings and discussions about the spread and perniciousness of excessive “drinking”; the question they were keen to add to discussions in this context was that of Burschenschaft.Masarykov vpliv na velik del slovenske mladine ni bil le političen, ideološki, temveč so v veliki meri prevzeli tudi njegova priporočila o zdravem in etičnem odnosu do življenja. Eno pomembnejših vprašanj, s katerimi se je tedaj srečevala tudi češka družba, je bilo vprašanje alkoholizma. Kot univerzitetni profesor je Masaryk izdal posebno brošuro o tem problemu. Narodno radikalna dijaška struja na Slovenskem, ki je v veliki meri sledila Masarykovim nazorom in napotkom, je to vprašanje obravnavala kot eno ključnih vprašanj oz. problemov, s katerim so se soočala tako dijaška oz. študentska društva na Dunaju, v Gradcu in tudi v Pragi. V glasilu Omladina je mogoče zaslediti številne članke, v katerih so se – večinoma – sklicevali prav na Masarykova opozorila oz. razprave o razširjenosti in škodljivosti pretiranega »popivanja «, hkrati pa so slovenski študenti k tem razpravam radi dodali tudi vprašanje burševstva
"Z zlatimi črkami bode vpisan današnji dan v zgodovino naše čitavnice": Prvo desetletje čitalnice v Kranju
No full textThe reading society in Kranj was established on the 29th January 1863 as the eighth in a series of national societies that followed the model of the National Reading Society in Ljubljana. Regional government verified the reading society’s regulations on the 16th December 1862 (these were amended at the end of 1866). The society started organizing cultural events called “bésede”. By the end of 1863 it had 113 members. The society moved from the original temporary location into Mayr’s house, in which the Kazina society had been located since 1846, and marked this occasion with a celebration on the 16th August 1863 (one of the celebrations took place at the grave of the poet France Prešeren). On the 13th September the society organized the first outing and organized a reception for members of the Južni sokol (Southern Falcon) society from Ljubljana on the 29th of June 1864. On this occasion, a musical performance took place in the society’s reading room. On the 20th August 1864 a branch of Južni sokol was founded. Following the example of the society in Ljubljana, it engaged in charitable activities (for the poor from Notranjska, victims of fire in Stražišče and poor school children). The society organized a solemn burial of Simon Jenko in 1869 and initiated raising a tombstone in his memory (it was uveiled in September 1873). In the 1870s enthusiasm for participation in the society waned. After a few years, however, the number of members began to rise again.Čitalnica v Kranju je bila ustanovljena 29. januarja 1863 kot osma narodna čitalnica po vrsti po vzoru Narodne čitalnice v Ljubljani. Deželna vlada je pravila čitalnice potrdila 16. decembra 1862 (dopolnjena so bila konec leta 1866). Čitalnica je začela s prirejanjem »bésed«. Konec leta 1863 je imela 113 članov. Preselitev iz začasnih prostorov v Mayrjevo hišo, v kateri je bilo od 1846 kazinsko društvo, je čitalnica slovesno praznovala 16. avgusta 1863 (mdr. slovesnost na grobu pesnika Franceta Prešerna). 13. septembra je čitalnica napravila prvi izlet, 29. junija 1864 je čitalnica sprejela člane Južnega sokola iz Ljubljane. Na slovesnosti v čitalnični dvorani so tedaj prvič igrali. 20. avgusta 1864 je bila ustanovljena podružnica Južnega sokola. Čitalnica je od ljubljanske vzornice prevzela tudi dobrodelno dejavnost (za siromake iz Notranjske, pogorelce v Stražišču, revno šolsko mladino). Čitalnica je oktobra 1869 poskrbela za slovesen pogreb Simona Jenka in dala pobudo za pesnikov nagrobni spomenik (odkritje septembra 1873). V sedemdesetih letih je vnema za čitalniško delo upadla. Po nekaj letih je število članov znova začelo naraščati
Pregled razvoja socialne zakonodaje v Avstro-Ogrski monarhiji v letih 1867-1918
No full textThe author uses Official Journals from the years 1867-1918 and contemporary literature to show the main stages in the development of legislation concerning the care for the poor and the protection of workers. She presents the provisions of the homeland law with respect to care for the poor and the care duties whose implementation was imposed on the municipalities. The article features the statute from the 25th March 1883 that endorsed state financial support for people in need. The statute is compared to the Law from the 27th December 1902 that granted state aid for the mitigation of poverty. The article continues with an overview of labour protection legislation under the monarchy, after the development of industry and employment of a large number of new workers resulted in a completely new relationship between employers and workers. The development of this relationship is reflected in the provisions of the Craft Order and its amendment to the act. The article also presents in detail legislation from the field of worker protection. Accident insurance for industrial workers in the Austrian half of the monarchy was introduced with the law from the 28th December 1887, the first socialprotection law in Austria. A health insurance law followed one year later. In Prekmurje, which was in the Hungarian part of the monarchy, Hungarian legislation introduced the same regulations in 1891 (Hungary reformed compulsory health insurance in 1907).Avtorica predvsem s pomočjo uradnih listov iz obravnavanega obdobja in tudi sodobne literature prikaže glavne faze v razvoju zakonodaje glede oskrbe revežev in glede zaščite delavcev. Predstavi določbe domovinskega zakona glede ubožne oskrbe in dolžnosti oskrbovanja, ki so bile naložene v izvedbo občinam. Spregovori o Postavi z dne 25. marca 1883, s katero so bile odobrene podpore iz državnih sredstev za pomoč ljudem v stiski. Postavo primerja z Zakonom z dne 27. decembra 1902 o dodelitvi podpor iz državnih sredstev za omilitev bede. Nadaljuje s pregledom delavske zaščitne zakonodaje v monarhiji, ko so se z razvojem industrije in zaposlovanjem velikega števila delavcev razvili povsem novi odnosi med delodajalci in delojemalci. Razvoj omenjenih odnosov nam osvetlijo določbe Obrtnega reda in njegove novele. Prispevek podrobno predstavi tudi zakonodajo s področja zavarovanja delavcev. Nezgodno zavarovanje za tovarniške delavce v avstrijski polovici monarhije je vpeljal zakon z dne 28. decembra 1887, ki je bil prvi socialnozavarovalni zakon v Avstriji. Naslednje leto je bil sprejet še zakon za bolniško zavarovanje. V Prekmurju, ki je sodilo v ogrski del monarhije, je ogrska zakonodaja enake predpise uvedla leta 1891 (obvezno bolniško zavarovanje je Ogrska reformirala leta 1907)