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"Prezrti heroji velike vojne": Konji, psi, golobi in ostale živali na frontah prve svetovne vojne
No full textThe First World War, with its multitudinous and diverse employment of animals for the purposes of war, surpassed all armed engagements to that time. The cavalry in that era was experiencing a decline. Despite being a military branch with a dazzling past, it had an uncertain future and was relegated to the edge of the battlefield. The horses, on the other hand, were harnessed into the military logistic apparatus to a much greater degree. During the First World War, the elegant horse, despite its motorized competition, pulled or packed thousands of tons of war material and personnel. The transport departments were additionally complemented with less high-strung, but more stubborn first-class pack animals: the mules, the adorable and sturdy donkeys, the strong oxen and other animals. If horses were the most numerous, dogs were employed most diversely. Thus they would save wounded soldiers, carry messages, go on patrol, and protect objects and soldiers in trenches. Pigeons surpassed dogs when it came to carrying messages, until darkness or fog descended upon the battlefield. Some animals only made the lives of the soldiers more miserable. The louse and the rat are synonyms for trench combat. Others again reawakened often forgotten love, warmth and compassion in the soldiers.Prva svetovna vojna je po svoji množičnosti in raznovrstnosti uporabe živali v vojne namene prekosila vse dotedanje oborožene spopade. Konjenica je v tem času doživljala svoj zaton, vojaški rod z bleščečo preteklostjo, a negotovo prihodnostjo, je bil odrinjen na rob bojnega polja. Zato pa se je konje v veliko večji meri vpregalo v vojaški logistični aparat. V prvi svetovni vojni je elegantni konj, navkljub motorni konkurenci, vlekel ali tovoril na tisoče ton vojaškega materiala in ljudi. Transportne oddelke so dopolnjevali še mirnejše a trmaste, prvovrstne tovorne živali mule, prikupni in trpežni osliči, močni voli in druge transportne živali. Če so bili konji najštevilčnejši, so bili psi uporabljeni najbolj raznovrstno. Tako so reševali ranjene vojake, prenašali sporočila, patruljirali, varovali objekte in vojake v jarkih. Golobi so prekašali pse pri prenašanju sporočil, vse dokler nista na bojišče sedla mrak ali megla. Nekatere živali so vojakom zgolj grenile življenja. Uš in podgana sta sopomenki za jarkovno bojevanje. Spet druge so v vojakih budile večkrat pozabljeno ljubezen, toplino in sočutje
Nekoč je bila sramežljivost …: Janez Polajnar, »Pfuj! To je gerdo!« : k zgodovini morale na Slovenskem v dobi meščanstva. Celje : Zgodovinsko društvo, 2008. 180 strani. (zgodovini.ce ; 8)
No full text»Med onimi delavci, ki so sejali med ljudstvo narodno zavest«: Dr. Fran Mayer v Šoštanju
No full textŠoštanj, a small provincial town in Lower Styria, is famous for several exceptional personalities. The lawyer Dr. Fran Mayer (1866-1940) has a special place among them. He moved to Šoštanj in 1898 and settled in a newly built, singlefamily bourgeois villa near the District Court. As a lawyer, intellectual and nationally-conscious Slovenian, he presided with varying success over the Board of the Financial Institute in Šoštanj between 1900 and 1910. After the First World War, he was the municipal manager. In 1920 he initiated the establishment of a public school in Šoštanj. As a long-term mayor of the Municipality of Šoštanj, he played a decisive role in the construction of the public water-supply system in Šoštanj in 1931, which improved and modernized town life and hygienic conditions. With its openness to sports activities and art, the Mayer family’s social life introduced the bourgeois milieu to Šoštanj, the fragment and legacy of which persist, in the memory of the citizens even today.Iz Šoštanja, majhnega provincialnega spodnještajerskega mesta, izhaja nekaj izjemnih osebnosti, med katerimi ima posebno mesto odvetnik dr. Fran Mayer (1866–1940). V Šoštanj je prišel leta 1898 in se naselil v novozgrajeni enodružinski meščanski vili v bližini okrajnega sodišča. Kot odvetnik, intelektualec in narodno zaveden Slovenec je v obdobju od 1900 do 1910 zasedal bolj ali manj uspešno vodilno mesto v predstojništvu slovenskega denarnega zavoda v Šoštanju. Po prvi svetovni vojni je bil občinski gerent in leta 1920 pobudnik ustanovitve meščanske šole v Šoštanju. Kot dolgoletni župan Občine Šoštanj mesto ima odločilne zasluge za izgradnjo javnega vodovoda za Šoštanj leta 1931, s čimer je bila izboljšana modernizacija življenja in higienske razmere. Družina Mayer je s svojim družabnim življenjem, odprtim za športne aktivnosti in umetnost, prinašala v Šoštanj meščanski milje, ki danes v drobcih še vedno ostaja v spominu meščanov
Odkrijmo življenje cehov: Aleksander Žižek, Skrivno življenje cehov: cehi Celja, Maribora in Ptuja med letoma 1732 in 1859. Celje: Zgodovinski arhiv Celje, 2012. 472 strani
No full textMostovi: Boris Golec, Nedokončana kroatizacija delov vzhodne Slovenije med 16. in 19. stoletjem: po sledeh hrvaškega lingvonima in etnonima v Beli krajini, Kostelu, Prekmurju in Prlekiji. Ljubljana: Zgodovinski inštitut Milka Kosa ZRC SA ZU, 2012. 174 strani.
No full textZgodovina ≥ mit? Rolanda Fugger Germadnik, Grofje Celjski med zgodovino in mitom. Celje: Zgodovinsko društvo Celje, Pokrajinski muzej Celje, 2013. 176 strani. (Zgodovini.ce; 14)
No full textVse o Slovencu: Slovenec. Političen list za slovenski narod (1873– 1945). Kratek pregled zgodovine ob 140-letnici za- četka njegovega izhajanja. Ljubljana: Muzej novejše zgodovine Slovenije, 2013. 199 strani.
No full textUdri ga! Nasilje v beograjski skupščini med obema svetovnima vojnama
No full textInterventions by the Speaker, calls for order, warnings to the deputies, interrupted speeches, expulsions and interrupted meetings etc. All of these were the kinds of procedural events that frequently characterized parliamentary debates and in general the functioning of the National Assembly of the first Yugoslav state. Regardless of their gravity, polemical nature and argumentation, speeches by the Members of Parliament were too often disrespectful and so were responses to them. Political passion, an essential ingredient of every good political system, grew beyond the limits of decency. Namecalling with “non-parliamentary expressions”, noise andgeneral rows frequently escalated into real brawls and otherphysical encounters. Turbulent meetings even suggest that occasional brawls were something normal, a phenomenon that was part of the general image of Yugoslav parliamentarianism. The elected national deputies, who comprised former senior officials, functionaries, lawyers and farmers, professors, clergymen and veterinarians, occasionally had to underline their arguments in a direct and personalized way.Intervencije predsedujočega skupščine, pozivi k miru, opomini poslancev, odvzemi besede, izključitve s sej, prekinitve sej … To so bili tisti proceduralni dogodki, ki so s svojo pogostostjo zaznamovali parlamentarno razpravo in sploh delo Narodne skupščine prve jugoslovanske države. Govori poslancev so bili ob vsej resnosti, polemičnosti, argumentaciji … prevečkrat nespoštljivi, odzivi nanje pa ravno tako. Politična strast, nujna sestavina vsake dobre politike, je preraščala meje dostojnega. Zmerjanje s t. i. neparlamentarnimi izrazi, zganjanje hrupa in vsesplošen kraval pa so velikokrat prerasli v prave pretepe in druge fizične obračune. Ob spremljanju tedanjih burnih sej se celo zdi, da so bili občasni pretepi nekaj pričakovanega; pojav, ki je sodil v občo sliko jugoslovanskega parlamentarizma. Izvoljeni narodni poslanci, med njimi nekdanji visoki uradniki, funkcionarji, advokati in kmetje, profesorji, duhovniki in veterinarji, so moč argumentov včasih morali podkrepiti na neposreden in oseben nači
Letalski pozdrav iz Šoštanja: Letalstvo v Šoštanju pred drugo svetovno vojno
No full textThe beginnings of aviation in the valley of Šaleška dolina go back to the 1930s, which is comparable to similar initiatives in Celje, Slovenj Gradec, Maribor and elsewhere. The article presents the first contacts with aviation, the process of establishing and the actual establishment (1939/40) of the local Gliding-aviation section of the Šoštanj Flying Club, a branch of the Royal Yugoslav Flying Club Naša krila from Maribor. It builds on private archival materials, the archives of the Šaleška dolina flying club and on personal accounts, and describes the process of building the Zögling 1 sailplane from the initial concept, independent construction and a realization of the desire to fly. Ambitious plans of young flyers were partly limited by lack of funding and even more by opposition from the local authorities in Slovenj Gradec, who in 1940 first prohibited and later finally permitted the activities of the flying group. Organized activities of the Šoštanj Flying Club were finally prohibited after the occupation in 1941.Začetki letalstva v Šaleški dolini segajo v trideseta leta 20. stoletja, kar je primerljivo s podobnimi pobudami v Celju, Slovenj Gradcu, Mariboru in drugod. V prispevku avtor predstavlja prva srečanja z letalstvom, ustanavljanje in ustanovitev (1939/40) krajevne Jadralno letalske skupine Aerokluba Šoštanj, podružnice Kraljevega Jugoslovanskega Aerokluba Naša krila iz Maribora. Na podlagi zasebnih arhivskih gradiv, arhiva Šaleškega aerokluba in pričevanj je predstavljena pot od zamisli in samogradnje jadralnega letala tipa Zögling 1 do uresničenja želje po letenju. Ambiciozne načrte mladih letalcev je deloma omejevalo pomanjkanje sredstev še bolj pa nasprotovanje Sreskega načelstva v Slovenj Gradcu, ki je leta 1940 prepovedalo in kasneje vendarle dovolilo delovanje letalske skupine. Organizirano delovanje Aerokluba Šoštanj pa je bilo dokončno ukinjeno z okupacijo 1941
Delovna, spolna in družbena hierarhija na podeželju: žene kmetov in dékle v Avstriji ob koncu 19. in v prvih desetletjih 20. stoletja
No full textThe paper deals with peasants’ wives (Bäuerinnen) and female rural servants (Mägde) in Austria during the late 19th and the first decades of the 20th century), drawing mainly on autobiographical records kept at a rich documentation of the University of Vienna. Much has been written on (urban) female servants and their relation to (mostly upper) middle class women they served, but very little on peasants’ wives and female rural servants, the latter working within a completely different context and for the most part together with the peasant’s wife. The paper examines the dynamics between work, gender and social position. On austrian farms (especially in the Eastern Austrian Alps, where animal husbandry, demanding permanent labour force was crucial to the economy) rural servants usually constituted the main part of a farm’s labour force. There functioned an work hierarchy formally and essentially structured along gender and age. Peasants’ wives functioned as co-workers but also heads of the groups of female rural servants. The latter were not necessarily strangers to the peasant couple. They could be children of agricultural labourers and/or cottagers “protected” by the peasants, they could be (usually illegitimate) foster children having grown up in the farm, distant relatives and even (in fact often) close relatives of either the peasant himself or his wife – they could be their aunts, sisters or daughters. On their part peasants’ wives had usually worked as female rural servants before their marriage and had then similar experiences to the women who worked on their behalf. Questions arise as to the ways various relations and living experiences interacted with work and relations within its context.Prispevek obravnava življenje kmečkih žena (Bäuerinnen) in dékel (Mägde) v Avstriji ob koncu 19. in v prvih desetletjih 20. stoletja in temelji predvsem na avtobiografskih zapisih, delu bogatega gradiva, ki ga hrani Univerza na Dunaju. O (meščanskih) služkinjah in njihovem odnosu do žensk (večinoma meščanskega) srednjega razreda, ki so jim služile, je bilo napisanega že veliko, zelo malo pa o ženah kmetov in déklah, ki so svoje delo opravljale v povsem drugačnem kontekstu in večji del skupaj z gospodarjevo ženo. Prispevek obravnava dinamiko med delom, spolom in družbenim položajem. Na avstrijskih kmetijah (še posebej v avstrijskih Vzhodnih Alpah, kjer je bila delovna sila, ki je morala ves čas skrbeti za živino, ključnega pomena za gospodarstvo) so posli običajno predstavljali glavnino delovne sile. Delovna hierarhija se je formalno in v praksi oblikovala po spolu in starosti. Žene kmetov so bile sodelavke, hkrati pa so vodile dékle. Slednje za gospodarja in njegovo ženo niso bile nujno tujke. Nekatere so bile hčere kmečkih delavcev in/ ali bajtarjev, ki so bili pod »zaščito« kmetov, druge (običajno nezakonske) posvojenke, ki so odraščale na kmetiji, daljne sorodnice in celo (pravzaprav pogosto) sorodnice bodisi gospodarja ali njegove žene – včasih kot tete, sestre ali hčere. Žene kmetov so pred poroko običajno služile kot dékle in so imele podobne izkušnje kot ženske, ki so delale zanje. To odpira več vprašanj o vplivu odnosov in življenjskih izkušenj na delo in odnose v kontekstu dela