INZ Open Journal Systems (Institute of Contemporary History)
Not a member yet
4877 research outputs found
Sort by
»Kdor si pridobi prijatelja, najde zaklad«. Vpliv Pohodov prijateljstva na sodelovanje med Gorico in Novo Gorico
No full textThe article presents the main aspects and social impacts of the Friendship March (Pohod prijateljstva or Marcia dell’amicizia), a sporting and recreational event organised seventeen times between 1976 and 1992 in the area of Gorizia and Nova Gorica. It was primarily aimed at strengthening cross-border connections and relations among youth. These were extraordinary events, organised during the times of the bloc division, with the mass participation of thousands of people coming from both sides of the Gorizia region’s border as well as from the broader area. Based on newspaper and archival materials, the present contribution will analyse especially the Slovenian perspective of the events and the impacts of the Friendship March on cross-border cooperation and related events organised in cooperation between Slovenian and Italian stakeholders.Članek predstavlja glavne vidike in družbene vplive športno-rekreativne manifestacije Pohod prijateljstva (Marcia dell‘amicizia). Namen prireditve, ki je med letoma 1976 in 1992 v sedemnajstih izvedbah potekala na območju Gorice in Nove Gorice, je bil predvsem krepitev čezmejnih povezav ter odnosa med mladimi. Šlo je za izjemne dogodke, ki so nastali še v času blokovskih delitev, z množično udeležbo več tisoč oseb, ki so prihajale z obeh strani Goriške in širše. Prispevek na podlagi časopisnega in arhivskega gradiva analizira predvsem slovenski pogled na dogodke in vplive, ki jih je Pohod prijateljstva imel na čezmejno sodelovanje ter sorodne manifestacije, organizirane v sodelovanju slovenskih in italijanskih deležnikov
Računalniška analiza slovenskih zgodovinskih časopisov (1771–1914): jezikovni, tematski in državotvorni uvidi
No full textThis paper presents a computational linguistic analysis of sPeriodika, a historical corpus of Slovenian periodicals published between 1771 and 1914. Using keyword analysis and diachronic analysis, we explore the linguistic, thematic, and historical dimensions of ten prominent newspapers in the corpus. Our findings reveal the centrality of these newspapers in shaping Slovenian nation-building during the post-1848 period, while also highlighting the diverse thematic orientations of individual periodicals, including agriculture, pedagogy, literature, and advertising. Moreover, the study examines the challenges posed by low-quality Optical Character Recognition (OCR) in historical text digitisation and its implications for linguistic and content analysis. By combining computational methods with historical inquiry, this research provides insights into the evolution of the Slovenian language, the media’s role in nation- -building, and the potential for improving OCR-based textual resources.Prispevek predstavlja računalniško-jezikoslovno analizo sPeriodike, zgodovinskega korpusa slovenskih periodičnih publikacij, izdanih med letoma 1771 in 1914. Z analizo ključnih besed ter diahrono analizo smo raziskali jezikovne, tematske in zgodovinske razsežnosti desetih najvidnejših časopisov v korpusu. Ugotovitve razkrivajo osrednjo vlogo teh časopisov pri oblikovanju slovenskega narodnega prebujanja v obdobju po letu 1848, hkrati pa poudarjajo raznolike tematske usmeritve posameznih periodičnih publikacij, kot so kmetijstvo, pedagogika, književnost in oglaševanje. Poleg tega raziskava obravnava izzive, ki jih prinaša slaba kakovost optičnega prepoznavanja znakov (OCR) pri digitalizaciji zgodovinskih besedil, ter njihove posledice za jezikovno in vsebinsko analizo. Združevanje računalniških metod z zgodovinskim raziskovanjem v tej študiji ponuja vpogled v razvoj slovenskega jezika, vlogo medijev pri oblikovanju narodne identitete in možnosti za izboljšanje besedilnih virov, temelječih na OCR
Potencial ChatGPT pri razvoju Slovarja sopomenk sodobne slovenščine
No full textIn this study, we examine how well ChatGPT-4 performs in two lexicographic tasks: (a) cleaning the list of automatically retrieved synonym candidates and assigning synonymic material to lexical senses, and (b) generating dictionary entries, including sense division, definitions, and examples, based on different input data. As a gold standard, we consider the lexicographic decisions recorded in the Digital Dictionary Database for Slovene. In the first experiment, we analyse the results for 246 dictionary entries and find that ChatGPT processed the data identically to lexicographers in 41.9 % of cases, while in 58.1 % of cases, it made different decisions. When assessing the relevance of synonym candidates, ChatGPT was more permissive than the gold standard. Differences in synonym placement (assignment to a different sense in 14.6 % of entries, missing placement in 19.9 %) can be partly attributed to input data characteristics, such as task complexity and the brevity of semantic indicators. In the second experiment, we test ChatGPT’s ability to autonomously generate dictionary entries for 116 headwords. The analysis of generated sense divisions and definitions reveals that the system performs moderately well: in 57 % of cases, it identified all senses, almost 80 % of generated entries received an average score of 3.5 or higher, and 19 % received the highest score from both evaluators. The main challenges include excessive splitting of senses, failure to recognise figurative meanings, and reduced predictability of results. We conclude that ChatGPT has potential for speeding up manual lexicographic work if its results are properly monitored and refined.
V raziskavi preverjamo, kako dobro se ChatGPT-4 odreže pri dveh slovaropisnih nalogah: (a) čiščenju seznama strojno pridobljenih sopomenskih kandidatov in umeščanju sopomenskega gradiva pod besedne pomene ter (b) izdelavi slovarskega gesla, vključno s pomensko členitvijo, definicijami in zgledi, na podlagi različnih vhodnih podatkov. Kot zlati standard upoštevamo slovaropisne odločitve, vključene v Digitalno slovarsko bazo za slovenščino. V prvem preizkusu analiziramo rezultate za 246 slovarskih iztočnic in ugotavljamo, da je ChatGPT podatke uredil povsem enako kot slovaropisci pri 41,9 odstotka iztočnic, pri 58,1 odstotka pa se je v odločitvi razlikoval. Pri presojanju relevantnosti sopomenskih kandidatov je bil ChatGPT popustljivejši od zlatega standarda. Razlike v razvrščanju sopomenk (umestitev pod drug pomen pri 14,6 odstotka iztočnic, manjkajoča umestitev pri 19,9 odstotka) deloma pripisujemo značilnostim vhodnih podatkov, kot sta kompleksnost naloge in kratkost pomenskih indikatorjev. V drugem preizkusu preverjamo zmožnost ChatGPT za samostojno izdelavo slovarskih gesel za 116 iztočnic. Analiza kakovosti generiranih pomenskih členitev in definicij kaže, da sistem deluje zmerno dobro: v 57 odstotkih primerov je zaznal vse pomene
Uporaba oblikoslovnega leksikona pri polavtomatskem pristopu k popravljanju lem in oblikoskladenjskih oznak
No full textIn the paper, we present a new semi-automatic approach to correcting lemmas and morphosyntactic tags. Unlike previous manual annotation approaches for Slovene corpora, the new method contains an additional step in which tokens and their automatically assigned lemmas and morphosyntactic tags are cross-referenced with the set of forms included in the Sloleks Morphological Lexicon of Slovene. Based on the comparison, each token is classified into one of several annotation scenarios. The new approach has noticeably reduced the time and resources invested into annotation by eliminating a large number of redundant tasks. The advantages of this method include the possibility of dividing annotation tasks into groups consisting of similar annotation problems (e.g. disambiguation of grammatical homographs). With adequate data preparation, it also drastically reduces the necessity for annotators to be familiar with the extensive Multext-East morphosyntactic tag set for Slovene, a restriction that created a bottleneck in the annotation process in similar annotation campaigns. The method was tested during the annotation process for the ROG Training Corpus of Spoken Slovene. In addition, we also test the scenario classification algorithm on the SUK Training Corpus of Written Slovene, which was annotated using the traditional sentence-by-sentence, token-by-token approach. We present the results and argue that the method should be used in future annotation campaigns to save resources and improve overall annotation consistency, while also discussing some of the caveats and disadvantages of the proposed approach.V prispevku predstavljamo nov polavtomatski pristop k popravljanju lem in oblikoskladenjskih oznak. Za razliko od predhodnih pristopov k ročnemu označevanju slovenskih korpusov nova metoda vsebuje dodaten korak, v katerem pojavnice ter njihove strojno pripisane leme in oblikoskladenjske oznake navzkrižno primerjamo z naborom oblik v Slovenskem oblikoslovnem leksikonu Sloleks. Na podlagi primerjave vsako pojavnico uvrstimo v enega od označevalnih scenarijev. Novi pristop občutno zmanjša količino časa in sredstev, ki jih je treba vložiti v označevanje, tako da odstrani veliko število odvečnih označevalnih nalog. Med prednostmi te metode je tudi možnost, da označevalne naloge razdelimo v sklope s podobnimi označevalnimi problemi (npr. razločevanje slovničnih enakopisnic). Ob ustrezni pripravi podatkov lahko metoda tudi drastično zmanjša potrebo po tem, da se označevalci seznanijo z obširnim označevalnim sistemom Multext-East za slovenščino, kar je v sorodnih označevalnih kampanjah predstavljalo ozko grlo. Metodo smo preizkusili med označevanjem Učnega korpusa govorjene slovenščine ROG. Algoritem pripisovanja označevalnih scenarijev preizkusimo tudi na Učnem korpusu pisne slovenščine SUK, ki je bil označen s tradicionalnim označevalnim pristopom (poved za povedjo, pojavnica za pojavnico). Predstavimo rezultate primerjave in zagovarjamo, da bi bilo metodo treba uporabiti pri prihodnjih označevalnih kampanjah, da z njo prihranimo čas in stroške ter nasploh izboljšamo doslednost označevanja, pri čemer razpravljamo tudi o nekaterih slabostih in pasteh predlaganega pristopa
Center za proučevanje in sodelovanje Jugoslavije z državami v razvoju (1966 – 1973): nastanek, delovanje in transformacija
No full textThe Centre for the Study and Cooperation of Yugoslavia with Developing Countries was founded in Ljubljana, the capital of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia, during a time when the Non- Aligned Movement and Yugoslavia’s role within it were well established but faced a period of stagnation. A part of the response to this impasse was the creation of this Centre, which aimed to strengthen Yugoslavia’s engagement with the Non-Aligned Movement by institutionalising the generation of knowledge about developing countries and their cooperation with Yugoslavia. Its mission was interdisciplinary, combining research, education, and policy support. This article explores the Centre’s formative years from 1966 to 1973, situating it within the socialist political environment and academic system, and tracing its evolution into an institution of federal significance. Despite the scarcity of archival sources, the article demonstrates how the Centre operated as a link between academic output, foreign policy, and international cooperation, providing new insights into the institutional aspects of “non-alignment from below.” By emphasising an institution rather than state-level diplomacy, the article adds to recent historiography that reexamines the infrastructures of socialist globalisation and activities related to non-alignment.Center za proučevanje in sodelovanje Jugoslavije z državami v razvoju je bil ustanovljen v Ljubljani, glavnem mestu Socialistične republike Slovenije, v času, ko je bilo Gibanje neuvrščenih – in jugoslovanska vloga v njem – že dobro uveljavljeno, a hkrati na pragu stagnacije. Ustanovitev je bila del odziva na obstoječe stanje: njegov namen je bil okrepiti jugoslovansko neuvrščeno delovanje z institucionalizacijo produkcije znanja o državah v razvoju in njihovem sodelovanju z Jugoslavijo. Njegovo poslanstvo je bilo zasnovano interdisciplinarno, združevalo je raziskovanje, izobraževanje in podporo pri oblikovanju politik. Članek obravnava formativno obdobje centra med letoma 1966 in 1973, ga umešča v socialistično politično okolje in akademski sistem ter sledi njegovi preobrazbi v ustanovo zveznega pomena. Kljub pomanjkanju arhivskih virov članek pokaže, da je center deloval kot stičišče med znanstveno produkcijo, zunanjo politiko in mednarodnim sodelovanjem, ter s tem ponuja nov vpogled v institucionalne dimenzije »neuvrščenosti od spodaj«. S tem, ko v ospredje postavlja institucijo in ne zgolj državne diplomacije, članek prispeva k sodobni historiografiji, ki znova preučuje infrastrukture socialistične globalizacije in aktivnosti, povezane z neuvrščenostjo
Marija Terezija baronica Oršić, roj. baronica Wintershoffen: rodbina, zakon in knjige
Get PDFThe article centres on Baroness Maria Theresa Oršić, née Baroness Wintershoffen (1671–1710), from the Styrian town of Kozje (Ger. Drachenburg). It is divided into three thematic clusters. In the first part, it presents the origin of the baroness’s primary family of Wintershoffen, which came from Bavaria to Styria in the sixteenth century and had become extinct by the early nineteenth century. The second part describes the baroness’s marriage to the Slavonian nobleman Baron Anton Oršić, which culminated in a divorce. The third part discusses her settling down in Ljubljana and her estate listed in her probate inventory. Special consideration is given to her library, which was remarkably extensive and diverse for that period.Osrednja tema pričujočega prispevka je Marija Terezija baronica Oršić, rojena baronica Wintershoffen (1671–1710), s Kozjega na Štajerskem. Prispevek je razdeljen na tri tematske sklope. V prvem delu je predstavljen izvor rodbine Wintershoffen, baroničine primarne družine, ki je v 16. stoletju prišla iz Bavarske na Štajersko in do začetka 19. stoletja izumrla. Drugi del je posvečen baroničinemu zakonu s slavonskim plemičem Antonom baronom Oršićem, ki se je končal z ločitvijo. Tretji del obravnava njeno naselitev v Ljubljani in premoženje, zabeleženo v zapuščinskem inventarju. Posebno pozornost si zasluži njena knjižnica, ki je bila za tedanje razmere zelo obsežna in vsebinsko raznolika
Zgodovina in topografija oskrbe z vodo v Kranju do začetka 20. stoletja
Get PDFKranj’s location on a pier above the confluence of the Sava and Kokra rivers made its water supply difficult. Until 1842, there were only three private deep wells (known so far) in the town. Most inhabitants had to gather water from both rivers and store it in house cisterns. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, there were unsuccessful attempts to collect water from the Sava River using a pumping device. After a fire destroyed the town in 1749 mainly due to a lack of water, the town authorities revived the old plans to build a new water supply system. The pipeline connecting the Kokrica River and the main town well in 1751 did not function properly. In 1771–1772, Gabrijel Gruber, a professor of mechanics in Ljubljana, built a water pump on the Sava River. In 1862, it was replaced by a new one, which, combined with three public deep wells, continued to provide the town with water for more than a decade after the construction of the modern water supply system in 1911.Lega mesta Kranj nad sotočjem rek Save in Kokre je skozi vso starejšo zgodovino pogojevala oskrbo z vodo. Do leta 1842 so bili v mestu le trije (doslej znani) zasebni vodnjaki. Večina prebivalcev je morala prinašati vodo iz obeh rek. Poskusi, da bi s črpalno napravo pripeljali vodo iz Save, v 16. in 17. stoletju niso bili uspešni. Po požaru, ki je leta 1749 uničil mesto predvsem zaradi pomanjkanja vode, so mestne oblasti obudile načrte za mestni vodovod. Ta vodovod iz rečice Kokrica do vodnjaka na glavnem trgu ni deloval. V letih 1771/72 je Gabrijel Gruber, profesor mehanike na jezuitskem kolegiju v Ljubljani, postavil vodno črpalko ob Savi. Leta 1862 jo je zamenjala nova črpalka, ki je skupaj s tremi javnimi globokimi vodnjaki zagotavljala vodo še več kot desetletje po izgradnji modernega vodovoda leta 1911
Kaj je v Herletovo vpisno knjigo v Solčavi napisal učiteljski absolvent o vzponu na Ojstrico avgusta 1881?
Get PDFThe logbook from Herle’s tavern in Solčava, which was publicly presented by Prof. Tine Orel in the mountaineering gazette Planinski vestnik in 1963, also contains a report on the ascent that four young men—Fran Skaza and Miha Levstik, both students at the teachers’ training institute in Maribor, and two mountaineers from the Woschnagg (Slo. Vošnjak) family from Šoštanj–made to Mount Ojstrica in August 1881. On returning to the valley, Miha Levstik wrote a dramatic three-page report of their ascent in the mountaineering logbook in Solčava. The article presents an annotated transcript of the report. Mention is also made of several connections of schools and teachers with the Savinja Alps at the end of the nineteenth century. The central role in establishing mountaineering societies was played by the teachers Miha Kos and Fran Kocbek, the authors of the first Slovenian mountain guide from 1894.V vpisni knjigi gostilne Herle v Solčavi, ki jo je leta 1963 v Planinskem vestniku predstavil prof. Tine Orel, beremo tudi o vzponu štirih mladeničev na Ojstrico avgusta 1881. To so bili Fran Skaza in Miha Levstik, ki sta se šolala na učiteljišču v Mariboru, ter dva mlada planinca iz šoštanjske družine Vošnjak/Woschnagg. Po vrnitvi v dolino je Levstik na treh straneh planinske vpisne knjige v Solčavi dramatično popisal njihov vzpon. V prispevku je objavljen prepis tega vzpona s komentarji. Omenjene so še nekatere učiteljske in šolske povezave s Savinjskimi planinami konec 19. stoletja. Na začetke delovanja tamkajšnjih planinskih društev sta vplivala učitelja Miha Kos in Fran Kocbek, avtorja prvega slovenskega planinskega vodnika iz leta 1894 Vodnik za Savinske planine in najbližjo okolico
Podnebne in hidrološke spremembe v Zgornji Savinjski dolini od šestdesetih let 20. stoletja
Get PDFThe article discusses climate and hydrological changes in the Upper Savinja Valley since the 1960s. The area is characterized by diverse geological structures, a rugged surface, and torrential watercourses. Most of the area is covered by forest. Climate changes are reflected in rising average annual temperatures, decreasing annual precipitation, and a significantly shorter snow cover period. Hydrological changes are reflected in decreasing average minimum, average mean, and average maximum annual river discharges. In addition to water quantities, watercourses also exhibit changing discharge regimes. As the Upper Savinja Valley is susceptible to extreme water events, the article highlights some of the most significant ones in the last century and attempts to predict how they will develop in the future.V prispevku obravnavamo podnebne in hidrološke spremembe na območju Zgornje Savinjske doline od 60. let 20. stoletja. Območje zaznamujejo raznolika geološka zgradba, razgibano površje in hudourniški značaj vodotokov. Večino območja porašča gozd. Podnebne spremembe se kažejo v rasti povprečnih letnih temperatur, padanju letne količine padavin ter močno skrajšanem trajanju snežne odeje. Hidrološke spremembe pa se kažejo v padanju povprečnih minimalnih, srednjih letnih in povprečnih maksimalnih pretokov. Poleg vodnih količin se pri vodotokih spreminjajo pretočni režimi. Ker so za Zgornjo Savinjsko dolino značilne vodne ujme, izpostavljamo nekaj največjih v zadnjem stoletju ter skušamo opredeliti, kako bo z njimi v prihodnje
Usury in the Summa of Monaldus: Sources, Composition, and Intentions of a 13th Century Encyclopedia of Law
No full textMonaldova Summa je prva enciklopedija prava. Monald je uvedel abecedni vrstni red gesel, podgesla in itemizacijo paragrafov. Analiza gesla o oderuštvu kaže, da večino besedila predstavlja integracija Rajmondove Summe in pripadajoče Viljemove glose. Nekatere uredniške odločitve in dodatki kažejo Monaldovo lastno pravno misel. Njegovo poudarjanje namena posojilodajalca nakazuje nekoliko milejše poglede na oderuštvo v primerjavi z njegovimi predhodniki. Prav tako lahko opazimo splošno težnjo po tem, da bi besedilo napravil karseda dostopno. Monald izpušča obskurne pravne koncepte in nadomešča manj znana krajevna imena s tistimi, ki bi bila znana njegovim bralcem. Citira le temeljne vire in izpušča druge citate. Ta pristop se ujema z njegovo izrecno izraženo željo, da bi izboljšal poznavanje prava, zlasti med »preprostimi«.The Summa of Monaldus is the first encyclopedia of law. Monaldus introduced the alphabetical order of entries, subsections and itemization of paragraphs. The analysis of the entry on usury shows that the bulk of the text is an integration of Raymond’s Summa and the corresponding William’s gloss. Some editorial decisions and additions reflect Monaldus’s own legal thought. His emphasis on the lender’s intention reveals somewhat lenient views of usury compared to some of his predecessors. Moreover, we can see a general tendency to make the text as accessible as possible. Monaldus omits obscure legal concepts and replaces lesser-known placenames with those familiar to his readers. He quotes only the essential sources, omitting other citations. This approach matches his declared wish to improve knowledge of the law, especially among the “simple”