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Tudi knjige rade potujejo prek oceanov, mar ne? O popotovanjih kranjskih knjig med Indijance, da o izpitu barona Zoisa niti ne govorimo
No full textFor the first time in historiography this research presents the final examination thesis of Baron Karel Zois (* 1756; † 1799), a younger brother of the more famous Sigismund. The title of the document was its only known detail up to now. The description considers the age of the documents and its path to the former Ljubljana Lyceum Library. Its absence from Sigismund Zois’ catalogues and even from Joseph Kalasanc Erberg’s Carniola Literary History is striking and duly highlighted. Despite the poor references on Karel Zois’ title page, the research provided a list of his Graz professors. The mathematical-technical provenience in the contents of Karel’s final examination is striking, but in some way, it formed a useful path to his later botanical interests. K. Zois’ examination theses bound with Bion’s mathematics was one of a large group of reprints and translations, which Graz students produced under the supervision of their mathematics teacher Taupe and most of all by Biwald. Many of these texts were widely read among the Carniolans, especially in the well-equipped libraries of the Barons Zois and Erberg. For the first time, the focus falls on the most interesting among them, the anthology of doctoral dissertations defended under the famous Linnaeus, which Biwald reprinted in Graz in 1764 for the first time. Erberg bought the item for his botanical enterprises in his gardens for the Dol manor near Ljubljana, but the book eventually made its way to Berlin, and later came to rest in the University town of Norman, Oklahoma, which in Zois and Erberg’ time was just a part of the huge, mostly uninhabited prairie of western Native Americans.Zaključni izpit botanika Karla Zoisa (* 1756; † 1799), Žigovega mlajšega brata, je bil doslej znan predvsem po naslovu; tokrat ga prvič predstavljamo v celoti. Raziskana je pot dokumenta v nekdanjo knjižnico ljubljanskega Liceja. Nekoliko preseneča, da knjige ni hranil Karlov brat Žiga; Zoisov prijatelj Jožef Kalasanc Erberg (* 1771; † 1843) je ni omenil v svojem rokopisu o Literarni zgodovini Kranjske. Kljub pomanjkljivim podatkom na Karlovi naslovnici so poslej znana tudi imena Karlovih profesorjev. Karlov končni izpit ni bil tako naravoslovno usmerjen, kot bi pričakovali glede na Karlova poznejša navdušenja; posegel je predvsem v uporabno matematiko in fiziko. K. Zoisov izpit s priloženo Bionovo matematiko spada med množico ponatisov in prevodov, ki so jih tiskali študentje graških profesorjev Taupeja in še posebej Biwalda. Številne med njimi so brali tudi kranjski izobraženci, predvsem barona Zois in Erberg. Odkrivamo zgodbo o morda najbolj posrečenem med njimi, zbirki doktoratov slovitega Linnéja, ki jih je Biwald prvič ponatisnil v Gradcu leta 1764. Erberg je zbirko kupil za svoja botanična snovanja v dolskih vrtovih; pozneje je knjiga romala najprej v Berlin, nato pa v univerzitetno mesto Norman sredi Oklahome, ki je bila v Zoisovem ali Erbergovem času zgolj nepregledna večinoma nenaseljena prerija ameriških Indijancev Divjega Zahoda
Življenjske usode poslov
No full textThe first part of the article will examine domestic service legislation and its development in the 18th century, which was marked by a transition from the Aristotelian perception of domestic service as the foundation of early Modern Age society into the era of the absolutist state and its concept of a strong police force. The second part will feature the identities and then reconstructions of the destinies and life stories of various domestic servants from both cities and the countryside. It is particularly notable that their life stories were recorded at different stages of their lives. These stories from the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century reflect both the personal as well as attributed identities of domestic servants.Prvi vsebinski poudarek prispevka bo namenjen poselski zakonodaji in njenemu razvoju v 18. stoletju, ki ga zaznamuje prehod iz aristotelovskega dojemanja hišnega gospodinjstva kot temelja zgodnjenovoveške družbe v čas absolutistične države, ki ga je zaznamoval koncept dobre policije. Drugi vsebinski poudarek pa bodo predstavljale najprej identitete in nato rekonstrukcije različnih življenjskih usod poslov oziroma predstavitev njihovih življenjskih zgodb na podeželju in v mestih. Posebej pa je pomembno, da so se njihove življenjske zgodbe znašle zapisane v različnih fazah njihovega življenja. Iz njih se zrcalijo tako osebne kot tudi pripisane identitete poslov, časovno pa se uvrščajo v čas konca 18. in začetka 19. stoletja
Srebro golk, zlato molk! O zabavi in popivanju slovenskih študentov v 19. stoletju
No full textThe vast majority of Slovenian students (including a few women after 1897) attended universities across the former Habsburg Empire, including Vienna and Graz but rarely in the pan-Slavonic Prague. Cosmopolitan Vienna was particularly popular because it offered the best material conditions as well as various kinds of entertainment for every taste. In spite of political repression and strict censorship before Taaffe’s government, student life in the second half of the 19th century followed the university model that proclaimed the freedom of learning and teaching. Taverns and coffee shops were the centers of student social life. The students partied there in their own ways, set up their own drinking rules and cared little about other’s opinion. Even though the contemporary (petit-) bourgeoisie was extremely puritan, its conspiracy of silence rules were tolerant of double sexual standards according to which men (townsmen) were allowed to seek sexual satisfaction outside the socially acceptable ways (e.g., in the red light district or even with the housemaid at home). Similarly, it did not frown upon the extreme behavior on the part of students; instead, it roguishly approved of bohemian life.Večina vrlih Kranjcev (in po letu 1897 tudi redkih Kranjic), je v drugi polovici 19. stoletja hodilo študirat na Dunaj, v Gradec in redkeje v panslovansko Prago. Mladci so si za študij najraje izbirali našo nekdanjo kozmopolitsko prestolnico Dunaj, saj je ta predstavljal največ možnosti gmotne preskrbljenosti kot tudi različnih vrst zabave za vse okuse. Študentsko življenje v drugi polovici 19. stoletja je bilo, v skladu z univerzitetnim modelom svobode učenja in poučevanja, do uvedbe Taaffejeve vlade, politični represiji in strogi cenzuri navkljub skrajno zabavno in bohemsko. Središče družabnega življenja so predstavljale gostilne in kavarne, kjer so študenti radi veseljačili na sebi lasten način, pri čemer se v veliki meri niso ozirali na mnenje drugih, za zabavo pa so osnovali prav posebna pravila popivanja. In čeprav je bila tedanja (malo)me- ščanska družba nadvse puritanskih nazorov, je po t. i. zaroti molka dopuščala dvojno spolno moralo, v okviru katere je moškim (meščanom), ki so poiskali zadovoljitev svojih spolnih nagonov zunaj družbeno sprejemljivega (npr. v hiši rdečih luči ali kar pri domači služkinji), to spregledovala in se tudi nad študentskimi ekscesi največkrat ni zgražala, temveč je na bohemski stil življenja gledala s hudomušnim odobravanjem
Revolucija in nacija: Jurij Perovšek, Samoodločba in federacija: slovenski komunisti in nacionalno vprašanje 1920-1941. Ljubljana: Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino, 2012. 336 strani. (Razpoznavanja = Recognitiones; 16)
No full text»S svojo žrtvijo sva vključena v nekaj orjaškega«: Edvard Kardelj – človek, aktivist, oblastnik
No full textThe author deals with the personality of the communist activist Edvard Kardelj in the 1930s, when one of the central Slovene postwar politicians quickly came to develop as a politically thinking individual within an illegal political organization. On the basis of Kardelj’s private letters, the article analyzes his relationship towards two women who played a pivotal role in his life: first his mother Ivana and later his wife Pepca. The article also touches upon the phenomenon of public concealment of Kardelj\u27s first wife Franica and follows the development of Kardelj’s political attitude from that of an activist to that of a state official, which took place during and after the Second World War; the author tries to articulate this process with the help of the memoires of his contemporaries.Avtorica se v prispevku ukvarja z osebnostjo komunističnega aktivista Edvarda Kardelja v tridesetih letih 20. stoletja, ko se je eden najpomembnejših povojnih slovenskih politikov pospešeno oblikoval kot politično misleč posameznik v nelegalni politični organizaciji. S pomočjo Kardeljevih zasebnih pisem analizira odnos z ženskama, ki sta Kardelja izrazito zaznamovali, najprej mati Ivana, kasneje žena Pepca. Ob tem se dotakne še fenomena javne zamolčanosti Kardeljeve prve žene Franice, zanima pa jo tudi razvoj Kardeljeve politične drže od aktivistične v oblastniško, ki se je dogajal med in po drugi svetovni vojni, in ga skuša avtorica artikulirati s pomočjo spominov njegovih sodobnikov
»Kontesa« Fanny – skica pozabljene romanopiske: »Nomen est omen«: rojena kot baronica Valvasor, hči grofice Christalnigg, soproga Carla Morellija, življenjska sopotnica Petra Nisitea
No full textFrančiška – Fanny Morelli (1761-1829) from Klagenfurt, born Baroness of Valvasor, was for a long time a forgotten name from the margins of Slovenian territory. At the turn of the 18th to the 19th century, she was admired by connoisseurs of fine arts in particular between Gorizia, Padua and Venice, where for a short period she published a literary magazine. She wrote mostly fiction, and her unpublished novel in French is today considered missing. She was related to three leading early historians, authors of the regional histories of Carniola, Carinthia and the Gorizia region. She was the grand-niece of the Carniolan polymath and historian Janez Vajkard Valvasor (1641-1693); her maternal lineage stemmed from the Carinthian historian Michael Gothard Christalnick (1530/40-1595), and she became the wife of Carlo Morelli (1730-1792), author of a comprehensive history of the Gorizia region. As a widow, she lived with the Dalmatian scientist Petar Nisiteo (1774-1866). Fanny also spent some time in Morelli’s manor in Ozeljan in the lower Vipava Valley and maintained contacts in Carniola, including with Jožef Kalasanc Erberg (1771-1843), cultural historian, art patron and collector of antiques and works of art.Celovčanka Frančiška – Fanny Morelli (1761–1829), rojena baronica Valvasor, je dolgo ostala pozabljeno ime pisateljice z roba slovenskega ozemlja. Na prelomu iz 18. v 19. stoletje je vzbujala simpatije ljubiteljev lepih umetnosti zlasti med Gorico, Padovo in Benetkami, kjer je krajši čas izdajala literarni časopis. Pisala je predvsem prozo, njen neobjavljeni roman v francoščini pa velja danes za pogrešanega. Bila je v sorodu s tremi vodilnimi starejšimi zgodovinarji, pisci deželnih zgodovin Kranjske, Koroške in Goriške. Rodila se je namreč kot pranečakinja kranjskega polihistorja Janeza Vajkarda Valvasorja (1641–1693), izšla po materi iz rodu koroškega zgodovinarja Michaela Gotharda Christalnicka (1530/40–1595) in postala žena Carla Morellija (1730–1792), avtorja obsežne zgodovine Goriške. Kot vdova je živela z dalmatinskim znanstvenikom Petrom Nisiteom (1774–1866). Fanny je del časa preživljala tudi v Morellijevem dvorcu v Ozeljanu v spodnji Vipavski dolini in imela stike s Kranjsko, med drugim z Jožefom Kalasancem Erbergom (1771–1843), kulturnim zgodovinarjem, mecenom ter zbirateljem starin in umetnin
»Tist občutek, ko dobiš prvo plačo – zdej si boš lahka pa sama kej kupla«: Podobe vsakdanjega življenja slovenskih žensk po letu 1945 skozi vidike zaposlitve in potrošnje
No full textThe article focuses on comprehension of the changes that came with full-time jobs for women during the era of socialism in Slovenia. We will try to understand what the money earned by women themselves meant to them and how they managed it. We will investigate how they spent it and how their external appearance changed after they got a job, and how much it mattered to them. The pressure from working full-time, while caring for children and the household was one aspect of life under socialism—however, not the only one. The new identity of a working woman manifested itself on the outside in a new, tidier appearance, and financial independence induced them to start engaging in diverse leisure time activities outside their homes, while cultivating their womanhood through consumerism.Prispevek se osredotoča na razumevanje sprememb, ki jih ženskam prinese zaposlitev za polni delovni čas v obdobju socializma na Slovenskem. Nova identiteta zaposlenih žensk se je navzven manifestirala tudi v drugačni, bolj urejeni zunanji podobi, finančna neodvisnost pa je botrovala temu, da so ženske iskale raznolike prostočasne aktivnosti tudi izven doma in načine kultiviranja ženskosti skozi potrošnjo. V prispevku bomo poskusili razumeti, kaj je ženskam pomenil lastni zaslužek, kako so z njim upravljale in kako se je njihova zunanja podoba spremenila z zaposlitvijo. Prispevek temelji na analizi terenskega dela in intervjujev z upokojenimi sogovornicami, ki so svoje aktivno življenje preživele v obdobju socializma, s čimer želi prispevati dodaten diskurz k že obstoječemu političnemu in ekonomskemu uradnemu zgodovinskemu diskurzu
Koncizen uvod v postkolonialne študije: Loomba, Ania: Kolonializem in neokolonializem. Ljubljana: Orbis, 2009. 284 strani.
No full textSem Repko, zajček mlad, si zobke čistim rad: Meta Remec: Podrgni, očedi, živali otrebi. Higiena in snaga v dobi meščanstva. Ljubljana: Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino, 2015. 304 strani. (Razpoznavanja/ Recognitiones; 24)
No full textRedke so knjige, ki že s svojim naslovom v bralcu spodbudijo prvinsko radovednost, ki ga prisili, da se čimprej zapodi med strani žmohtnega branja, ki ga obeta naslovnica. Delo Mete Remec, zgodovinarke mlajše generacije, sicer sodelavke Inštituta za novejšo zgodovino, je eno takih
»Kmalu ne bo po naših vaseh dekleta, da ne bi znalo na bukvice moliti!«: Razvoj in pomen dekliškega šolstva pod Avstro-Ogrsko: primer samostanske dekliške šole de Notre Dame v Trnovem pri Ilirski Bistrici
No full textThe article describes the development of girls’ schools in Austria-Hungary, using an example from a small, mostly rural area. Emphasis is on the presentation and analysis of the education of girls, who were often in an inferior position compared to boys. In addition, the author examines the differences between the education of less affluent girl students who lived outside the convent and those from richer families who resided in it. In addition to the literature, the study is based on preserved school catalogues. Data from the school and the convent chronicles were compared with other (oral) sources from the local environment, which helped us reconstruct the life at the school in more detail and dismiss incorrect interpretations from the past. The analysis showed that there were differences between the two types of students; nor were their destinies the same. The outcome was dependent on the completion/non-completion of education. However, the institution had an impact well beyond providing mandatory education. Besides engaging with the local community, the convent hosted social events, in particular during the many visits of dignitaries, and was a charitable institution.Članek obravnava razvoj dekliškega šolstva v Avstro-Ogrski na primeru ožjega, pretežno agrarnega prostora. Poudarek je na prikazu in analizi izobraževanja deklic, ki so bile na tem področju marsikdaj prikrajšane ter v preučevanju razlik v izobraževanju manj premožnih, zunanjih učenk in deklet iz bolje situiranih družin, torej notranjih učenk oz. gojenk. Pri temu smo se poleg literature posluževali predvsem ohranjenih šolskih katalogov. Za primerjavo podatkov smo vzeli šolsko in samostansko kroniko ter nekaj drugih (ustnih) virov iz lokalnega okolja, kar nam je pripomoglo pri natančnejši rekonstrukciji šolskega dogajanja in odpravi dosedanjih napačnih interpretacij. Analiza je pokazala, da so razlike obstajale, obstajale pa so tudi različne življenjske usode, ki so bile pogojene z (ne)pridobljeno izobrazbo. Ustanova pa ni bila pomembna le za šoloobvezne deklice, ampak je njen vpliv segal mnogo dlje. Poleg sodelovanja z lokalno skupnostjo je bil samostan tudi prizorišče družabnih dogodkov, predvsem ob obiskih mnogih veljakov, in karitativnosti