INZ Open Journal Systems (Institute of Contemporary History)
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Razvoj mariborskega vodovoda
No full textThe Development of the Maribor WaterworksRazvoj mariborskega vodovod
"Politični cilji slovenske inteligence": Nekaj drobcev o vohunih in vojakih
No full textThe author gives only a brief summary of the development of increased military interference in political affairs during World War I and the political actions against the Slovenes it involved, while the report from 1916 quoted in the title, which he considers worthy of special attention, is dealt with in greater detail. The text on the political aims of the Slovene intelligentsia gives a detailed insight into the logic of the developments of the time.Razvoj vojaškega vmešavanja v politiko v času prve vojne in s tem povezanega političnega obračunavanja s Slovenci želim le sumarno predstaviti, v tekstu pa bom podrobneje obravnaval v naslovu razprave navedeno poročilo iz leta 1916, ki se mi zdi vredno posebne predstavitve. Tekst o političnih ciljih slovenske inteligence nam daje dober vpogled v logiko, ki je stala za takratnim dogajanjem
Slovenski tisk o Albancih v času balkanskih vojn
No full textDuring the time of the Balkan Wars, Slovene political newspapers began writing more about the Albanians. Their main source of information were the works of Serbian ethnologist Jovan Cvijić, who claimed that over the past centuries the Albanians had carried out ethnic cleansing against the Serbs in a most criminal manner throughout central and northern Albania and Kosovo and settled on what were formerly Serbian ethnic territories. With the exception of one Social-Democratic paper, the Zarja, the great majority of Slovene political newspapers carelessly adopted this prejudiced attitude against the Albanians and even intensified it. This ultimately resulted in the Slovene press describing the Albanians as treacherous savages, who lived off the spoils of the looting and slaughtering of Serbs, or at best, as a group of primitive tribes, hostile even towards each other, who were not capable of independent political life.V času balkanskih vojn so se slovenski politični časniki nekoliko bolj razpisali o Albancih. Osnovni vir informacij so bila dela srbskega etnologa Jovana Cvijiča, ki je trdil, da so Albanci skozi stoletja z zločini etnično očistili srednjo in severno Albanijo ter Kosovo od Srbov in se naselili na njihovih ognjiščih. Razen socialdemokratskega lista Zarja je večina slovenskih političnih časnikov prevzela srbske predsodke do Albancev in jih še nadgradila. Tako je slovenski tisk Albance prikazoval kot zahrbtne divjake, ki da živijo od ropanja in klanja Srbov, kot skupek primitivnih, med seboj sovražnih plemen, ki nikakor niso sposobni samostojnega življenja
Podzemeljska pošast
No full textThe Phylloxera aphid, or vine louse, is a pest, which in the second half of the 19th century nearly obliterated the vineyards of Europe. The Phylloxera was accidentally introduced by the European viticulturists themselves, who imported an American vine in their attempt to cultivate a vine resistant to the Oidium fungi. It entered the Dual Monarchy through infested vine rootstock from Great Britain, unwittingly assisted by experts of the State Experimental Station for Viticulture and Pomology at Klosterneuburg near Vienna, which was an ideal starting-point for the aphid\u27s devastating progress across the vine-growing regions of Austro-Hungary. Despite the strict measures that were undertaken to stop it from spreading further, the aphid succeeded somehow in surmounting the large distances between countries and managed to spread to almost all the regions where the grape vine was cultivated. In Slovenia, it was first observed in 1880 both in the surroundings of Piran as well as in the Bizcljsko region. After an initial phase of doubt and hesitation, a way of combating this pest was found, by grafting cuttings of the European vines onto Phylloxera-resistant North American vine rootstock, which ultimately ensured the continuation of viticulture in the affected regions.Trtna uš je škodljivec, ki je v drugi polovici devetnajstega stoletja prizadejal ogromno škodo vsem vinogradniškim deželam po Evropi. Iz Amerike so jo pripeljali vinogradniki sami, ki so poskušali dobiti sorto odporno na oidij. Trtna uš je v dvojno monarhijo prišla s sadikami iz Velike Britanije s »pomočjo« strokovnjakov državne sadjarske in vinogradniške poskusne postaje iz Klosterneuburga pri Dunaju, ki je bila idealno mesto za razširjanje trtne uši po vinogradniških območjih Avstro-Ogrske. Kljub strogim ukrepom, ki bi morali preprečiti nadaljnje raznašanjc, je žuželka uspela nekako premagati velike razdalje in se naseliti skoraj v vseh predelih, kjer je rasla vinska trta. Na Slovenskem so trtno uš prvič opazili istočasno v okolici Pirana in na Bizcljskcm leta 1880. Po začetnem nezaupanju in oklevanju so se začeli proti tej nadlogi boriti s sajenjem proti trtni uši odpornih ameriških trt, ki naj bi zagotovile nadaljevanje vinogradništva na prizadetih območjih
Dobrodelne prireditve, zastave in vojaška godba: Boji za javni prostor na Štajerskem okoli leta 1900
No full textAround the year 1900, Styria was a bilingual province, inhabited by a little under a million German Styrians and 400,000 Slovenes. During the years before WWI, the atmosphere was fraught with conflicts between the two nations. The events of the time were punctuated by heated debates on the allocation of public offices and the equal status of the Slovene language in the administrative offices, courts and schools. Both nations had a tendency to link their unrealised nationalist ambitions with more far-reaching concepts - the German Styrians with the idea of a Greater Germany, and the Slovenes with Pan-Slavism. The loyal government officials, permeated with Hapsburg patriotism, often found themselves in the unenviable position where they were forced, on behalf of the state administration and in the name of loyalty to the Austrian Royal Family, to deal strictly with all exaggerated outbursts of support for such super-state ideas.Okoli leta 1900 je bila Štajerska dvojezična dežela, ki jo je poseljevalo slab milijon nemških Štajercev in 400.000 Slovencev. V letih pred prvo svetovno vojno so ozračje določala nasprotja med obema narodoma. Dogajanje so zaznamovali prepiri o zasedbi javnih funkcij ter enakopravni obravnavi slovenskega jezika v uradih, na sodiščih in v šolah. Oba naroda sta svoje neizživete nacionalistične ambicije rada povezovala s širšim zaledjem – nemški Štajerci z velikonemško idejo, slovenski pa s panslavizmom. Lojalni in s habsburškim patriotizmom prežeti državni uradniki so se nemalokrat znašli v nezavidljivem položaju, ko so v imenu državne ureditve in zvestobe avstrijski hiši obračunavali s pretiranimi izlivi tovrstne »naddržavne« naklonjenosti
Borba slovenskih fantov in deklet za svobodo: Prepletanje in spopadanje patriarhalne prisile z ljubeznijo in poročnim konsenzualnim principom na Slovenskem v obdobju poznega fevdalizma
No full textAfter the formal triumph of the consensual principle in the ecclesiastical teachings of the Church in the 12th century, the verification at the Council of Trent in 1563 and its successful social implementation, the more determined young men were able to assert their wishes and particularly love in their quest for a spouse. However, with the rise of the absolutist state in the 17th and 18th centuries, intergenerational tensions increased. This eroded not only the materialist essence of matrimony, which was usually negotiated between the bride and the bridegroom’s parents, but also the essence of the absolutist state with the emperor as the patriarch. This resulted in an apparent paradox: the Church supported the young people, while the state supported the parents. Support, however, was not always solid. A testimony to this is the selfwilled engagement and the intended marriage of Marija Dizma Count Barbo-Waxenstein from 1760-1764, who together with his beloved Ivana Nepomuška Baroness Billichgratz withstood social demands as embodied in his father Jošt Vajkard. However, the favourable end of the affair for the couple came so late that the previously loudly extolled love emotions among aristocratic circles had already begun the retreat to intimacy. In Carinthia, a system of religious-moral rigorism was being implemented. Love and marriage, even though the latter was formally free, could not be outlived past the standard material (preservation of property) and moral demands, i.e. respect of but not also absolute subordination to parents.Po formalni zmagi konsenzualnega principa v zakonskem nauku Cerkve v 12. stoletju in potrditvi na tridentinskem koncilu leta 1563 ter uspešnem družbenem discipliniranju so odločnejši mladinci vsaj od 16. stoletja že lahko uveljavljali svoje želje in še posebej ljubezen pri iskanju poročnega partnerja. Med procesom absolutizacije države v 17. in 18. stoletju pa so se medgeneracijska nasprotja zaostrila. To pa ni najedalo le materialistično bistvo zakonske zvezo, o kateri so se običajno pogajali starši ženina in neveste, marveč tudi bistvo absolutistične države z vladarjem kot patriarhom. Zato je prišlo do navideznega paradoksa: Cerkev je podpirala mlade, država pa starše. Podpore pa niso bile vedno trdne, ko čemer govori primer samovoljne zaroke in nameravane poroke Marije Dizme grofa Barbo–Waxenstein iz let 1760–1764, ki se je s srčno izbranko Ivano Nepomuško baronico Billichgratz uprl statusnim družbenim zahtevam, ki jih je poosebljal njegov oče Jošt Vajkard. Za par ugoden sodni razplet afere pa je že prišel v času, ko so se glasno opevana ljubezenska čustva v aristokratskih krogih že umikala v intimo. Na Kranjskem se je vzpostavljal versko-moralni rigorizem in ljubezen ter poroka, čeprav je bila ta formalno svobodna, se dejansko nista mogla izživeti mimo standardnih materialnih (ohranjanje premoženja) in moralnih zahtev, tj. spoštovanja, ne pa tudi absolutnega podrejanja staršem
