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YUK HUI, Art and Cosmotechnics, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2021, p. 317, € 27,20. ISBN 978-1-5179-0953-6
No full textApocalittici e integrati. Un filo rosso e qualche nodo
No full textThe introduction identifies the main themes developed by the articles collected in this issue – taste and judgement, tradition and innovation, myth and seriality, passivity and participation – highlighting the newness of Apocalittici e Integrati (Apocalypse Postponed), despite sixty years having passed since its publication.Si introducono i contributi raccolti in questo numero, evidenziandone i nodi teorici – gusto e giudizio, tradizione e innovazione, mito e narrazione seriale, passività e partecipazione – e sottolineando la sorprendete attualità di Apocalittici e integrati, pur nelle mutate condizioni mediali e tecnologiche, a sessant’anni di distanza
La rappresentazione delle opposizioni di sonorità
Full text linkThis paper deals with aspects of the phonological representation of voicing contrasts, which is a major topic segmental phonology, also because it is closely related to the theory of phonological primitives and of the relationship between phonetics and phonology. Starting from foundational works on segmental features, this paper considers an analysis of voicing contrasts that questions the SPE theory on the relationship between phonology and phonetics. The Element theory approach to voicing, and the specific model known as Laryngeal realism, is then taken into account, and it is shown how, within this framework, different models of elemental inventories may affect in crucial ways the representation of laryngeal contrasts. In the last section, the paper deals with the relationship and the difference between intervocalic voicing, lenition and assimilation by referring to the notions of spontaneous vocing and passive voicing.L’articolo tratta aspetti della rappresentazione fonologica delle opposizioni di sonorità, un tema rilevante nella fonologia segmentale, anche perché strettamente legato alla teoria dei primitivi fonologici e alla relazione tra fonetica e fonologia. Partendo da lavori fondamentali sulle caratteristiche segmentali, questo articolo prende in esame un’analisi dei contrasti di sonorità che mette in discussione la teoria di SPE sulla relazione tra fonologia e fonetica. Vengono quindi presi in considerazione l’approccio della Teoria degli elementi alla sonorità e il modello specifico noto come laryngeal realism per mostrare come, all\u27interno di questo quadro teorico, diversi modelli di inventari di elementi possano influenzare in modo cruciale la rappresentazione dei contrasti laringali. Nell’ultima sezione, l’articolo tratta della relazione e della differenza tra sonorizzazione intervocalica, lenizione e assimilazione facendo riferimento alle nozioni di sonorizzazione spontanea e sonorizzazione passiva
Quadri di un’esposizione: un’analisi del film Brama di vivere
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Starring Kirk Douglas as Vincent Van Gogh, Lust for Life (directed by Vincente Minnelli, 1956) is one of the most celebrated Hollywood biopics focusing on the life of a visual artist. This essay aims to offer further food for thought thanks to a detailed and systematic scrutiny of the film, that nevertheless takes into consideration the most significant critical reviews and analyses from the previous decades. Among the main topics here dealt with, we can mention the relationship between Lust for Life and Irving Stone’s novel from which the script was adapted, and the complex system elaborated by Minnelli to include Van Gogh’s paintings in his film.Diretto da Vincent Minnelli e interpretato da Kirk Douglas nel ruolo di Vincent Van Gogh, Brama di vivere (Lust for Life, 1956) è uno dei più celebri biopic hollywoodiani dedicati alla vita di un artista. Il presente contributo si propone di offrire nuovi spunti di riflessione sul film attraverso una dettagliata e sistematica lettura della pellicola, facendo al tempo stesso tesoro delle importanti acquisizioni dei testi critici precedenti. Tra i principali temi trattati, il rapporto fra Brama di vivere e il romanzo omonimo di Irving Stone da cui è tratta la sceneggiatura e il complesso sistema di citazioni pittoriche elaborato dal regista
Roy Menarini, Hitchcock: La donna che visse due volte, Roma, (= «Carocci editore Le Bussole»), 2023. pp. 112. ISBN 978-88-290-183-3
Full text link«La donna che visse due volte è il più bel film di tutti i tempi?» (p. 7). La recente monografia di Roy Menarini dedicata al capolavoro hitchcockiano del 1958 si apre, senza indugi di sorta, su questa domanda lapidaria. Naturalmente, l’autore non intende affatto promuovere un dibattito meramente guidato da concetti sfuggenti come il bello o il gusto personale. Il suo agile ma densissimo volume è infatti accolto all’interno di una collana dal rigoroso approccio scientifico come «Il cinema e i film» di Carocci editore. [...
Tra Confucio e Kant: il caso di Li Zehou: La ricezione della filosofia trascendentale in Cina
No full textDer Artikel bietet einen Überblick über die Rezeption des Kant\u27schen Denkens in China anhand der Ausführungen von Li Zehou, einem der bedeutendsten Gelehrten des Königsberger Philosophen. Nach der Darstellung einiger grundlegender Eckpunkte des chinesischen Denkens analysiert der Artikel sein wichtigstes Werk "Eine neue Annäherung an Kant", wobei er dessen wichtigste Aspekte herausarbeitet und die tiefe, von krassen Widersprüchen geprägte Distanz zwischen der logisch-transzendentalen Matrix Kants und der für den Konfuzianismus typischen praktisch-dialektischen Matrix hervorhebt. Der Artikel zielt daher darauf ab, nicht nur die grundlegenden Ergebnisse von Li\u27s Studie über Kant nachzuzeichnen, sondern auch die Beziehung zwischen dieser und Hegel, Marx und dem konfuzianischen Denken und versucht, die genetischen Beweggründe von Li\u27s transzendentalem Vorschlag zu rekonstruieren.The article offers an overview of the reception of Kant\u27s thought in China through the exposition given by Li Zehou, one of the most important scholars of the philosopher from Königsberg. Having set out some fundamental salient points of Chinese thought, the article then proceeds to analyse his most important work, "A new approach to Kant", enucleating its most significant aspects and highlighting the profound distance, harbinger of strident contradictions, between Kant\u27s logical-transcendental matrix and the praxical-dialectical matrix typical of Confucianism. The article thus aims to trace not only the fundamental outcomes of Li\u27s study on Kant, but also the relationship between this with Hegel, Marx and Confucian thought, attempting to reconstruct the genetic motivations of Li\u27s transcendental proposal.El artículo ofrece una panorámica de la recepción del pensamiento de Kant en China a través de la exposición de Li Zehou, uno de los más importantes estudiosos del filósofo de Königsberg. Tras exponer algunos puntos salientes fundamentales del pensamiento chino, el artículo procede a analizar su obra más importante, "Una nueva aproximación a Kant", enucleando sus aspectos más significativos y poniendo de relieve la profunda distancia, presagio de estridentes contradicciones, entre la matriz lógico-trascendental de Kant y la matriz práctico-dialéctica típica del confucianismo. Así, el artículo pretende rastrear no sólo los resultados fundamentales del estudio de Li sobre Kant, sino también la relación de éste con Hegel, Marx y el pensamiento confuciano, intentando reconstruir las motivaciones genéticas de la propuesta trascendental de Li.L\u27article offre un aperçu de la réception de la pensée de Kant en Chine à travers l\u27exposé de Li Zehou, l\u27un des plus importants spécialistes du philosophe de Königsberg. Après avoir exposé quelques points fondamentaux de la pensée chinoise, l\u27article procède à l\u27analyse de son ouvrage le plus important, "Une nouvelle approche de Kant", en énonçant ses aspects les plus significatifs et en soulignant la distance profonde, porteuse de contradictions flagrantes, entre la matrice logico-transcendantale de Kant et la matrice praxico-dialectique typique du confucianisme. L\u27article vise donc à retracer non seulement les résultats fondamentaux de l\u27étude de Li sur Kant, mais aussi la relation entre celle-ci et Hegel, Marx et la pensée confucéenne, en essayant de reconstruire les motivations génétiques de la proposition transcendantale de Li.L’articolo offre una panoramica sulla ricezione del pensiero kantiano in Cina attraverso l’esposizione che ne dà Li Zehou, uno dei più importanti studiosi del filosofo di Königsberg. Posti alcuni salienti fondamentali della riflessione cinese, si procede quindi nell’analisi della sua opera più importante, “A new approach to Kant”, enucleandone gli aspetti più significativi ed evidenziando la profonda distanza, foriera di stridenti contraddizioni, che intercorre tra la matrice logico trascendentale kantiana rispetto a quella prassico dialettica tipica del confucianesimo. L’articolo si propone quindi di tracciare non solo gli esiti fondamentali dello studio di Li su Kant, ma pure il rapporto tra questo con Hegel, Marx e il pensiero confuciano, cercando di ricostruire le motivazioni genetiche della proposta trascendentale di Li
Invention and Metamorphosis: Intelligence, Automated Optimization (AO) and the Prospect of Synthetic Intelligence with Simondon and Denizhan
No full textWithin the wider arc of Gilbert Simondon’s philosophy, invention stands out as a stage in the development of mental images, rather than a faculty distinct from perception and memory. Of particular interest is a phase of transition that precedes invention in the development of mental images. Simondon compares this transition to the process of metamorphosis occurring in some species. This transition in the development of mental images is marked by the dedifferentiation of the dominant organizing principle. This dedifferentiation paves the way for the possible reorganization of mental images at a higher level of development. The free play of mental images corresponds to this transition, enabling the discovery of a new organizing principle with unprecedented possibilities of adaptation. It is enlightening for contemporary debates about machine learning processes, like those operative in Large Language Models or of image generation, to think carefully about this transition. In this article, we will look at the significance of this transitional dedifferentiation in living beings. This will lead us to argue against the use of the term Artificial Intelligence. A better alternative seems to be the term ‘Automated Optimization’ (AO) – suggested by the engineer and philosopher Yagmur Denizhan. Denizhan defines intelligence as the «border activity between the modelled and the unmodelled», i.e. between what is admissible in our model of reality and what is excluded or not yet encompassed by it. Intelligence thus conceived, I propose, is directly relevant to Simondon’s analogy between invention and metamorphosis. The «border activity» between the modelled and the unmodelled, at the level of cognition, may thus correspond to free play of mental images in the strong sense, namely, as involving transitional dissolution of their organising principle. Without it, I argue, we cannot begin to understand the historical recasting of our mental worlds, including paradigm shifts in the arts, science and technology.Within the wider arc of Gilbert Simondon’s philosophy, invention stands out as a stage in the development of mental images, rather than a faculty distinct from perception and memory. Of particular interest is a phase of transition that precedes invention in the development of mental images. Simondon compares this transition to the process of metamorphosis occurring in some species. This transition in the development of mental images is marked by the dedifferentiation of the dominant organizing principle. This dedifferentiation paves the way for the possible reorganization of mental images at a higher level of development. The free play of mental images corresponds to this transition, enabling the discovery of a new organizing principle with unprecedented possibilities of adaptation. It is enlightening for contemporary debates about machine learning processes, like those operative in Large Language Models or of image generation, to think carefully about this transition. In this article, we will look at the significance of this transitional dedifferentiation in living beings. This will lead us to argue against the use of the term Artificial Intelligence. A better alternative seems to be the term ‘Automated Optimization’ (AO) – suggested by the engineer and philosopher Yagmur Denizhan. Denizhan defines intelligence as the «border activity between the modelled and the unmodelled», i.e. between what is admissible in our model of reality and what is excluded or not yet encompassed by it. Intelligence thus conceived, I propose, is directly relevant to Simondon’s analogy between invention and metamorphosis. The «border activity» between the modelled and the unmodelled, at the level of cognition, may thus correspond to free play of mental images in the strong sense, namely, as involving transitional dissolution of their organising principle. Without it, I argue, we cannot begin to understand the historical recasting of our mental worlds, including paradigm shifts in the arts, science and technology
The Imaginary of the Transplated Organ
No full textTransplant medicine seems to illustrate well the gulf between a Cartesian conception of the body (a machine made of spare parts) and a phenomenological one (the body is the "vehicle of our being in the world", the seat of our experiences, suffering and valuations, the support on which our identity is built). Can we leave it at that, with the body irrevocably "bifurcated" in transplant medicine? This article answers in the negative. It demonstrates that the conception of the organ underlying transplant medicine is not Cartesian, but Aristotelian in origin, the organ being seen not as a separate part of a machine, but as an instrument (organon). However, viewing the organ as an instrument does not necessarily imply subscribing to the conception of an organ as a tool. Based on a commentary on Heidegger and Agamben, the article argues that there is a need to distinguish two separate meanings of the Greek concept of “organon”. This distinction leads to a few practical suggestions for doctors, engineers and healthcare policy-makers.Transplant medicine seems to illustrate well the gulf between a Cartesian conception of the body (a machine made of spare parts) and a phenomenological one (the body is the "vehicle of our being in the world", the seat of our experiences, suffering and valuations, the support on which our identity is built). Can we leave it at that, with the body irrevocably "bifurcated" in transplant medicine? This article answers in the negative. It demonstrates that the conception of the organ underlying transplant medicine is not Cartesian, but Aristotelian in origin, the organ being seen not as a separate part of a machine, but as an instrument (organon). However, viewing the organ as an instrument does not necessarily imply subscribing to the conception of an organ as a tool. Based on a commentary on Heidegger and Agamben, the article argues that there is a need to distinguish two separate meanings of the Greek concept of “organon”. This distinction leads to a few practical suggestions for doctors, engineers and healthcare policy-makers
L\u27abisso del Trascendentale : Trascendentalismo e antitrascendentalismo nell\u27Ereignis di Martin Heidegger
No full textThe aim of this essay is to explore the speculative trajectory of Heidegger\u27s concept of "Ereignis" in order to uncover its potential implications in relation to certain aspects of transcendental philosophy. Through an analytical examination of key passages in Heidegger\u27s body of work, the essay endeavors to illustrate how the thought of "Ereignis" succeeds in sidelining the claims of subjectivity, subjecting transcendentalism to a torsion that ultimately renders it asubjective and profoundly historical.L\u27intento dello scritto è indagare la parabola speculativa della nozione heideggeriana di "Ereignis" per rintracciare le possibili implicazioni di quest\u27ultima con alcuni aspetti della filosofia trascendentale. Attraverso una lettura analitia di luoghi chiave dell\u27opera di Heidegger, il saggio giunge a mostrare come il pensiero dell\u27"Ereignis" riesca a mettere fuori gioco le istanze della soggettività, sottoponendo il trascendentalismo a una torsione che lo rende in ultima analisi asoggettivo e radicalmente storico
Reason, violence and explanations in social sciences
No full textFollowing Hobbes concerning the absence of right reason by nature, I argue that a social and institutional arrangement is necessary for reason to gain the objectivity which permits it to function as an alternative to the violent resolution of conflicts. Construed subjectively as maximizing one’s utility function reason fails to constitute a norm of action that distinguishes it from violence. I further inquire into the differences between moral rules, laws and rational prescriptions. A common characteristic of all three is that unlike laws of nature or coded instructions, they should be obeyed, but they can and commonly are transgressed. However, moral rules and laws I argue are less subjective than rational prescriptions because conceptually they necessarily involve relation to others and cannot be reduced to either the subject’s relation to the world or to him or herself and analyse how rational and violent solutions to conflicts differ.Seguendo la tesi di Hobbes relativa all\u27assenza di una ragione giusta per natura, sostengo che è necessario un accordo sociale e istituzionale affinché la ragione acquisisca l\u27oggettività che le permette di funzionare come alternativa alla risoluzione violenta dei conflitti. Concepita soggettivamente come massimizzazione della propria funzione di utilità, la ragione non riesce a costituire una norma d\u27azione che la distingua dalla violenza. Mi soffermo inoltre sulle differenze tra regole morali, leggi e prescrizioni razionali. Una caratteristica comune tra queste tre categorie è che, a differenza delle leggi di natura o delle istruzioni codificate, dovrebbero essere rispettate, ma possono essere trasgredite e spesso lo sono. Tuttavia, sostengo che le regole e le leggi morali siano meno soggettive delle prescrizioni razionali perché concettualmente implicano una relazione necessaria con gli altri e non possono essere ridotte alla relazione del soggetto con il mondo né con se stesso e analizzo come differiscono le soluzioni razionali e violente ai conflitti