The University of Chlef Journals
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استخدام مخطط إيشيكاوا لتحليل الأسباب الجذرية لتذبذب إيرادات النفط في العراق للمدة (2014-2024): Utilizing the Ishikawa Diagram for Analyzing the Root Causes of Oil Revenue Fluctuations in Iraq Over the Period (2014-2024)
No full textتسعى الدراسةلتحليل الأسباب الجذرية لتذبذب إيرادات النفط في العراق باستخدام مخطط إيشيكاوا، فقد تم الاعتماد على منهجية تحليلية تجمع بين النهج النوعي والكمي. ليتبين أن العراقيعتمد بشكل كبير على النفط (بمتوسط 87.8% من إجمالي الإيرادات العامة)، مع تعرضه لصدمات حادة (مثل انخفاض أسعار النفط إلى 33.4 دولار/برميل في عام 2020) مما زاد من هشاشة الاقتصاد العراقي، بينما ساهم هدر الغاز المصاحب بنسبة 30%، وضعف الحوكمة في تفاقم تذبذبات إيرادات النفط. كما أكدت الدراسة علىالأهمية الاقتصاديةللإيرادات النفطية باعتبارها محرك للنمو الاقتصادي، بشرط إدارتها بشكل كفوء--. فضلاً عن إن الدراسةاستنتجت أن التعامل مع هذه التحديات يتطلب سياسات مالية مرنة تشمل إنشاء صناديق استقرار مالي، وتعزيز الشفافية عبر تدقيق مستقل، وزيادة الاستثمار في القطاعات غير النفطية. كذلك شددت على ضرورة وضع رؤية طويلة الأجل تستند إلى بيانات دقيقة لضمان الاستقرار الاقتصادي، مع فتح المجال لأبحاث مستقبلية لتقييم فعالية السياسات الاقتصادية وسط التغيرات الجيوسياسية والاقتصادية العالميةThis study analyzes the root causes of oil revenue fluctuations in Iraq using the Ishikawa diagram. An analytical methodology combining qualitative and quantitative approaches was employed. The findings reveal that Iraq relies heavily on oil, which constitutes an average of 87.8% of total public revenues, making it vulnerable to severe shocks, such as the drop in oil prices to $33.4 per barrel in 2020. This reliance, coupled with 30% gas flaring and weak governance, exacerbates revenue volatility. The study underscores the economic significance of oil revenues as a driver of growth, provided they are managed efficiently. It concludes that addressing these challenges requires flexible fiscal policies, including financial stabilization funds, enhanced transparency through independent audits, and increased investment in non-oil sectors. Moreover, a long-term vision based on accurate data is essential for ensuring economic stability, while future research should assess the effectiveness of economic policies amid global changes
تنويع سوق السياحة والنمو الاقتصادي في تركيا : The diversification of the tourism market and economic growth in Turkey
Get PDFAbstract:
In this paper, a modified version of the Granger causality test proposed by Toda and Yamamoto is used to investigate causality between the diversification of the tourism market and economic growth in Turkey. The results show a causality extending from economic growth to Turkey\u27s the diversification of the tourism market.
ملخص:
في هذه الورقة، تم استخدام النسخة المعدلة من اختبار سببية Granger الذي اقترحه Toda and Yamamoto (1995) للتحقيق في العلاقة السببية بين تنويع سوق السياحة والنمو الاقتصادي في تركيا. تظهر النتائج وجود سببية تمتد من النمو الاقتصادي إلى تنويع سوق السياحة في تركيا.
الكلمات المفتاحية: تنويع سوق السياحة، النمو الاقتصادي، منهجية (T.Y,1995)
أثر تفشي جائحة فيروس كورونا )كوفيد- 91 ( على قطاعي السياحة والنقل الجوي في الدول العربية: The Impact of the outbreak of the Corona Virus (Covid-19) on the Tourisme and Air Transport Sectors in the Arab Countries
No full textAbstract:This research paper aims to address the topic: the impact of the Corona virus (Covid-19)pandemic on the tourism and air transport sectors in the Arab countries, by highlighting thevarious effects that the Corona virus causes on the international and Arab levels.study concluded that the Corona virus pandemic had a significant impact on economic activity,which caused complete paralysis for the tourism and air transport sectors, which resulted in asignificant decrease in the number of travelers and tourism revenues in addition to a decrease intheir contribution to the GDP, and exposing millions of jobs in one of the most importantsectors. The economy is labor-intensive
Digital Doppelgängers: Navigating Identity, Ethics, and Voice in the Age of AI Personas
Get PDFIn an era increasingly shaped by algorithmic agency and synthetic expression, the emergence of AI-generatedpersonas presents a significant challenge to established understandings of authorship, identity, and pedagogicalethics. This paper explores the implications of artificial voice simulation within English Language Teaching(ELT)and English Language Learning (ELL) contexts. where questions of voice, agency, and authenticity are central toboth instruction and learner development. Grounded in interdisciplinary perspectives fromcritical pedagogy, digital ethics, and posthumanist thought, the study interrogates how AI personas complicate traditionalrelationships between learners, teachers, and text, particularly, learner agency, authenticity, andvoiceconstruction. By situating these concerns within contemporary classroom practices, ranging fromcommunicativelanguage classrooms to digitally mediated and safe learning environments, the paper argues that educationaltechnologies cannot be regarded as neutral or merely supportive tools. Instead, they function as active agentsthatshape how knowledge is produced, how identity is negotiated, and how authorship is constructed anddistributedamong human and non-human participants. Therefore, the analysis highlights emerging tensions surroundinglearner autonomy, the authenticity of linguistic expression, and the ethical boundaries of using simulatedvoicesininstructional settings. Ultimately, the study advocates for a pedagogical paradigm that is both critically responsiveand active to these technological shifts and ethically attuned to their broader cultural implications. It calls foranapproach that goes hand in hand with ELT and ELL which recognises AI’s transformative potential whileforegrounding the protection of learning agency, the integrity of human voice, and the need for transparent, reflective engagement with rapidly evolving digital realities
A Descriptive Analysis for the Translation of Metonymy in the Prophetic Hadith
No full textMetonymy as a figurative aspect of language is problematic in translation. It utilizes"contiguity” to convey meaning. Approximation in metonymy coalesces dissimilar meaningsand adds power to the structure. The present paper tackles this figurative use within religiousenvironment, i.e. Prophetic Hadith. The paper examines, reviews and analyses some examplesthat utilize this figurative use along with their translations. A descriptive analysis is used as atheoretical basis to handle the data. Two translations for the Forty Hadiths of Anawawi areconsidered for this purpose. One of the key results of the present paper is that metonymicexpressions are employed as an effective means for conveying Prophetic meanings and henceneed a special treatment in translation. Translators followed the same procedures in renderingmetonymic items. Notes should accompany translations to clarify meaning
Coming into Teaching: The Impact of the Profession on Novice Teachers’ Feelings, Identities, and Wellbeing
No full textTeaching is considered a difficult, demanding, and exhausting job. The interplay of several features, components, and hardships in the profession renders its sustainment arduous. Often, teachers have to learn and re-learn on the job, thus undergoing multi-layered transformations that provoke many tensions. Drawing upon the existing literature and a mixed-method study, this article examines the influence of the teaching profession on novice teachers’ feelings, identities (professional and personal), and wellbeing. To collect data, a cohort of novice Algerian EFL teachers participated in the exploration through an online survey. The results, analysed graphically and qualitatively (thematically), reveal that novice teachers find teaching overwhelming and consuming. The participant teachers reckon that teaching has added to their stress and anxiety levels, affecting their physical and mental health, memory, and concentration. Therefore, it is concluded that teaching transforms novices’ feelings, identities, and wellbeing through its processes, routines, responsibilities, and commitments. The study recommends relying on a support system that assists teachers in coping with the impact and adversity of the profession. Providing assistance and encouragement for teachers is also advised. Moreover, improving one’s reflective practice, resilience, stress management, self-care, and dedication to the job can be functional mental and emotional resources for teachers.
 
Rethinking the Role of Metalanguage in Teaching/Learning Translation: A Case Study
No full textSince it started to be scientifically thought and academically taught, translation has generated continuous improving research as far as its process is concerned. Actually, it is commonplace to make translation perfect with limited theoretical material, but this suggests a completely controversial trend: while teachers overlook translation metalanguage importance in training classes, they just miss the aquisition of the outstanding translational competence consisting in describing the process and its issues experiencing. In this respect, the present paper explores the factual presence of translation metalanguage in translation training classes, and seeks to unveil its key role in pedagogical frameworks, with a particular focus on the translator’s competence as a didactician. Through a combination of a theoretical background and an empirical analytical review on a case study, all related to a teacher-learner context, and with the introduction of CERTTAL’s electronic database for translation and translation terminology, as an assisting methodological tool, the research seeks to shed light on the major and inevitable objectives of metalanguage use in any translation training class. The findings revealed that teaching translation metalanguage spurs the ability of translation practitioners to determine translation errors nature and definitely state their causes to the learner. This enables the latter to activate his cognitive awareness and be able to detect his weakness in order to prevent future translation errors
The Role of Arab Classical Drama in Spreading Moral and Patriotic Values Among the Public “The Death of Cleopatra” by Ahmed Shawky is an Example
No full textDrama significantly influences public awareness, serving as a potent artistic medium with broad reach and impact, as well as an effective tool for conveying moral and patriotic messages. Drama functions as a potent medium for conveying patriotic and ethical messages. This research aims to examine the artistic and ethical elements inherent in the classical Arabic play "Death of Cleopatra," authored by Ahmed Shawqi, as a model for embodying national values and guiding communal behavior. This study examines the inherent ideals within the theatrical text and their impact on the audience\u27s consciousness, identity, and behavior. The play presents a set of essential questions at its outset, including the following: In what manner does the play communicate its moral and national themes to the audience? What function does it serve in enhancing Arab audiences\u27 sense of identity and national affiliation? In what manner does the audience\u27s comprehension of history and their shared responsibilities evolve due to the ethical and national principles articulated in the book? To what degree does this play remain pertinent within contemporary Arab culture? This analysis deconstructs the symbols and concepts in Shawqi\u27s text through various methodologies, including literary criticism, cultural studies, and ethical philosophy. The research findings indicate that ancient Arabic drama, as exemplified by Ahmed Shawqi\u27s works, transcends mere representation of cultural and historical narratives. Rather, it plays a significant role in the audience\u27s ethical education and the nation\u27s advancement. Theater serves as a transformative medium that imparts values, enhances collective consciousness, and cultivates national identity, thereby exerting considerable influence on Arab culture, as evidenced by this study\u27s findings
Translating “Inside the Box”: A Paradigm Shift to Neural Machine Translation
No full textAt a time when artificial intelligence (AI) comes of age, machine translation; otherwise commonly referred to as MT, gains momentum. The present paper sheds light on two prominent yet divergent approaches in the realm of machine translation; i.e., statistical machine translation (SMT) and neural machine translation (NMT); the latter being the descendant of the former. The paper focuses on neural machine translation, being the most recent and most enhanced of the two approaches, and aims at providing a critical analysis of machine translation output as opposed to that of a human reference by probing the translation strategies deployed by three online translation tools that are free to use by translation professionals and translation students alike; namely, Google Translate, Yandex Translate, and Reverso Translation. It is worth mentioning; at this point, that the aforementioned online translation tools, unlike other ones, support Arabic in their language database, which caters to the needs of translation agents seeking language transfer involving Arabic as a source and/or target language. In order to examine the efficiency of these translation tools in terms of specialized translation, the corpus that has been chosen includes passages from three different text genres; political, economic, and judicial. The findings suggest that online translation tools prove to be efficient in translating sentences with short and simple structures with minimal interpretation scope. The findings also suggest that online translation tools help perform corpus-based translation tasks. Nevertheless, human judgment and supervision as well as editing are still required to ensure correctness, efficiency, and reliability especially in regards to cultural idiosyncrasies
Translation and Acculturation in the Abbasid Era: Dynamics and Role in Shaping Arabic Literary Output
No full textThe translation dynamic endeavors to establish a form of interaction among the diverse cultural systems pertaining to different civilizations. It functions as an intermediary bridge facilitating communication between heterogeneous human groups. The objective of this undertaking is to acquire an intellectual and scientific foundation that empowers these groups to build their knowledge base and enrich their cultural legacy. It embodies a form of cultural dialogue wherein diverse civilizations interweave. This important study addresses a critical issue that has been insufficiently explored within modern critical studies: the active role of translation in fostering and augmenting acculturation among nations during the Abbasid era and its impact upon Arabic literature, along with the contributions of rulers in supporting this dynamic to create a space for intercultural exchange. It also sheds light on the political, intellectual and ideological dimensions that accompanied the translation movement during this active period, viewing it not merely as a linguistic or technical task, but a strategic intellectual endeavor that served the broader objectives of the Abbasid state. This study, employing historical, descriptive, and inductive methods, aims to examine the role played by the translation dynamic in promoting openness to the “other” and constructing bridges of cultural and intellectual communication. Additionally, it traces the efforts of translators during the Abbasid era and highlights major translated works in literature, arts and sciences from other civilizations, mainly Persian and Greek and others, while also pointing to the enduring influence of those works on the development of Arabic intellectual thought and literary creativity