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The Structures of the Habitus and its Representations in the Colonial Novel «African Summer» by Mohamed Dib as a Case Study
No full textتسعى ورقتنا البحثية إلى توضيح مفهوم الهابيتوس( (Habitus واستكشاف بنيته وتجلياته ضمن الخطاب الروائي الكولونيالي، من خلال تحليل تمثلاته بوصفها فضاءً للتوتر بين الثابت والمتغير كمنظومتين قيمتين متعارضتين؛ يتمثل الثابت في سلطة الموروث الثقافي والعرفي الذي ينتج أنماطا سلوكية متجذّرة في الذاكرة الجماعية، بينما ينبثق المتغير من متطلبات المرحلة الثورية التي فرضت تحولات عميقه في الوعي الفردي والجمعي، وتُعزى هذه التوترات إلى حضور منظومة ثقافية دخيلة فرضها الاستعمار، بما حملته من قيم وأعراف تسعى إلى إعاده تشكيل الهابيتوس المحلي وفق منطق الهيمنة والضبط في محاولة لإعادة إنتاج الذات وفق النموذج الكولونيالي. وللكشف عن هذه البنيات والتمثلات اعتمدنا المقاربة الأنثروبولوجية بوصفها أداة منهجية قادره على تفكيك الرموز الثقافية والسلوكيات الاجتماعية في النّص السّردي، وهي مقاربه أفضت إلى طرح تساؤل جوهري يتمثل في: كيف يمكن للثورة أن تعيد تشكيل الهوية الفردية والجمعية من خلال التفاعل المعقّد بين الثوابت القيمية والتحدّيات الجديدة في بيئة متغيرة؟، وقد وقع اختيارنا على قصة قصيرة من مجموعة صيف إفريقيا للكاتب الجزائري محمد ديب، نظرا لما تحمله من تمثيلات دقيقة لصراع الهويات، وتفكك البنى الرمزية في ظلّ الاستعمار، وقد اندرج هذا ضمن تساؤلنا المحوري: وهو كيف تسهم بنية الهابيتوس في إنتاج التوتر بين الموروث الثّقافي المحلي والقيم الاستعمارية الوافدة؟ وما مدى قدرة الفعل الثوري على إعادة تشكيل هذا الهابيتوس وهندسة الهوية ضمن السّياق ما بعد الكولونيالي؟
وبناء عليه نوصي بتكثيف الدراسات متعدّدة التّخصصات حول أثر البنى العرفية والثقافية في إنتاج الهوية، وإعادة تشكيل أنماط السلوك، خصوصا في المجتمعات ما بعد الكولونياليه التي تعيش صراعاً دائما بين الإرث المحلي والتأثيرات الأيديولوجية الوافدة.This study explores the concept of habitus within colonial narrative discourse, analyzing its representations as a space of tension between two opposing value systems: The fixed and the variable. the fixed reflects inherited cultural and customary authority, producing deeply rooted behavioral patterns. In contrast, the variable arises from revolutionary demands that reshape individual and collective consciousness. These tensions are intestified by colonialism, which imposes an external cultural system that seeks to transform the local habitus through domination and control, aiming to reconstruct identity within a colonial framework. To examine these structures, we employed and anthropological approach to deconstruct cultural symbols and social behaviors in native texts. this methodology led us to ask: how does revolution reshape Identity through the interaction between cultural constants and emerging challenges?. We analyzed Muhammad Dib\u27s short story from an African summer for its nuances portrayals of identity conflict and the disintegration of symbolic structures under colonialism. The inquiry alings with our research question: how does the structure of habitus contribute to the tension between inherited cultural values and colonial norms and to what extent can revolutionary action reshape this habitus and the reengineer identity in a post-colonial context. accordingly we recommend further interdisciplinary studies on the impact of customary and cultural structure in shaping identity and reconstructing behavioral patterns especially in post-colonial societies constantly negotiating between and indigenous legacy and ideological influences
The Role of Environment in Shaping Metaphor: A Cognitive Reading
No full textتصبو هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل العلاقة الوثيقة بين البيئة والمجاز من منظور عرفاني، وذلك من خلال فهم كيفية تَشكُّل المجاز بوصفه أحد الوسائل الأساسية في الإدراك والتعبير البشري . يحاول الباحث في ضوء ذلك إبراز حقيقة أنّ المجاز ليس مجرد تنميق لغوي، بل هو أداة معرفية مركزية نلجأ إليها لفهم العالم، وهو مبني على عمليات عقلية وحسية متداخلة تنطلق من الإحساس وتصل إلى الإدراك، مرورًا بالتجربة والذاكرة والتخيّل . تنطلق الدراسة من فرضية مفادها أن البيئة التي يعيش فيها الإنسان تُؤثّر بشكل مباشر في بناء صوره المجازية وتصوراته الجمالية؛ فكل بيئة تُنتج مجازاتها الخاصة، تبعًا لتجربة الإنسان معها وندرة عناصرها وخصوصيتها الثقافية. من خلال أمثلة من الشعر العربي القديم والأدب الغربي الحديث، الهدف الرئيسي من هذه الورقة البحثية هو تسليط الضوء على كيفية إسهام التجربة البيئية في تشكيل المجازات المتداولة، مثل البكاء على الأطلال في الشعر الجاهلي أو تشبيه الزمن بالميناء في شعر لامارتين. يناقش الباحث أيضا في خذخ الدراسة التحليلية دور المجاز في تشكيل الرموز الثقافية والدينية، ويؤكد أنّ المجاز يعبّر عن العلاقة الديناميكية بين الفكر والواقع. خلصت الدراسة إلى أنّ المجاز لا يمكن فصله عن السياق البيئي والثقافي الذي يتشكل فيه، وأنّ المجتمعات لا تختلف في قدراتها الإدراكية بقدر ما تختلف في بيئاتها وتاريخها الرمزي. لذلك، فإن فهم المجاز لا يكتمل إلا بفهم البيئة التي أنتجته، وهذا ما يجعل من التحليل العرفاني وسيلة فعالة للكشف عن آليات التفكير المجازي داخل مختلف الثقافات.This study examines the intricate relationship between environment and metaphor from a cognitive linguistic perspective, emphasizing the crucial role that environmental experience plays in shaping figurative language. It argues that metaphor is not merely a decorative feature of language or a stylistic device, but a fundamental cognitive mechanism through which human beings conceptualize, structure, and communicate their understanding of reality. Metaphors are seen as the product of a dynamic interaction between sensory perception and higher-order cognitive processes such as memory, imagination, and abstraction. Central to the paper is the hypothesis that environmental context—both physical and cultural—has a significant impact on the types of metaphors a community generates. The study demonstrates how recurring experiences with specific environmental elements influence the metaphorical systems that individuals use, thus grounding metaphor in embodied experience. Drawing on examples from classical Arabic poetry and modern Western literature, the paper illustrates how cultural and ecological settings give rise to distinctive metaphorical expressions. For instance, the frequent allusions to ruins and desert landscapes in pre-Islamic poetry reflect the nomadic, arid environment of the Arabian Peninsula, while metaphors related to harbors and seasons in European literature mirror temperate, settled environments.Moreover, the paper explores the role of metaphor in the construction of symbolic systems—religious, social, and aesthetic—arguing that metaphor is essential to the formation and communication of shared meaning. The findings underscore that a full understanding of metaphor requires close attention to the cultural and environmental conditions in which it emerges. Cognitive metaphor theory thus offers a powerful framework for analyzing cross-cultural variation in metaphorical thought
Enquête sur la consommation de Helix aspersa en Algérie et Analyse biochimique d’échantillons de deux régions : Chlef et Mostaganem (Algérie): Survey on the consumption of Helix aspersa in Algeria and Biochemical analysis of samples from two cities: Chlef and Mostaganem
No full textThe current study aims to analyze the intake of Helix aspersa by the Algerian population, and also analyzing the biochemical composition of its flesh originating from two Algerian cities (Chlef and Mostaganem). A survey was carried out to collect data regarding snail consumption. To investigate the biochemical composition of Helix aspersa, initially the fleshes and the shells were separated from the viscera and washed many times with water. The amounts of dry matter and minerals in the flesh were assessed using thermogravimetric techniques. The protein content was determined using the Lowry method, whereas sugar was determined using the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The lipid content of snail flesh was determined using the sohxlet method. According to the findings related to the survey on Helix aspersa consumption, 95 out of 133 persons in the western Algeria region eat snails for it special flavor. The study on the biochemical composition of Helix aspersa flesh found 82.35±0.27% and 76.93±0.42% of water from samples collected at Mostaganem and Chlef cities, respectively. Protein levels were 13.47 ± 0.98 and 16.35 ± 0.87% in Mostaganem and Chlef samples, respectively. Similarly, ash’s values of 0.84±0.015 and 0.92±0.04% were reported. Low sugar and fat levels were seen in both species of snail. Further research on its vitamin, amino acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition is intensely advised.La présente étude vise une investigation de la consommation de Helix aspersa par la population algérienne, d’une part, et une analyse de sa composition biochimique, d’autre part. L’étude de la consommation de l’escargot en Algérie a été réalisée via une enquête. En ce qui concerne l’étude de la composition biochimique de la chair de Helix aspersa, deux échantillons d’escargot ont été utilisés (Mostaganem et Chlef). D’abord, la chair et la coquille sont séparés, les viscères sont éliminés, et la chair a été lavée plusieurs fois à l’eau. Le contenu en matière sèche et en minéraux dans la chair ont été déterminés par méthode thermogravimétrique. La teneur en protéines a été déterminée par la méthode de Lowry. La teneur en sucres a été déterminée par la méthode phénol-acide sulfurique et la teneur en lipides a été déterminée par la méthode de sohxlet. Les résultats de l’étude de la consommation de Helix aspersa par la population algérienne ont montré qu’un total de 95 sur 133 personnes consomment l’escargot. Les résultats de l’étude de la composition biochimique de Helix aspersa ont montré la présence de 82.35±0.27% et 76.93±0.42% d’eau dans le muscle d’escargot de Mostaganem et de Chlef respectivement. Les protéines représentent 13.47±0.98 et 16.35±0.87% dans l’escargot de Mostaganem et de Chlef respectivement. Des teneurs respectives de 0.84±0.015 et 0.92±0.04% de cendres ont été enregistrés dans les escargots de de Mostaganem et de Chlef. Cependant de faibles teneurs en sucres et en lipides ont été enregistrées. Cependant, d’autres études sur la composition biochimiques de Helix aspersa sont recommandées, tels que la détermination de sa composition en vitamines, acides aminés et acides gras polyinsaturés
Investigation Of Air Velocity Effect On Thermal Comfort In Mosques-hot-dry Climate
No full textIn hot climate areas, the proper understanding of thermal comfort parameters leads to help building designers in providing a suitable and refreshing environment for occupants. The rational model such as ASHRAE 55/2013, ISO: 7730 defines comfort boundaries based on the experimental results, which are conducted in climatic chambers. Research works have been rarely conducted in buildings with high density of occupants like mosques. In order to study the thermal comfort and the effect of air velocity in mosques in hot dry climate, a rational and adaptive comfort study by applying ASHRAE 55, ISO: 7730/10551 is carried out in Eloued city, Algeria. The results show that the applicability of ISO7730 is suitable for a natural air velocity v_air∈[0.35,0.8]m⁄s, where the comfortable operative temperature is 30.7°C. However this outcome doesn’t exceed 26.8°C for air velocity vair< 0.35m/s
Evolution Of Bioactive Components Of Prickly Pear Juice (opuntia Ficus Indica) And Cocktails With Orange Juice
No full textAbstract The Prickly Pear cactus (Opuntia ficus indica) adapted to the conditions of arid areas where it offers to man and animals its nourishing and therapeutics properties The importance of this crop is related to its diversity of use and ecological role The juice obtained from the fruit pulp is characterised by a high pH 5.8 making its conservation difficult and its preservation requires thermal treatment at over 115 °C which is harmful for the bioactive constituents and color compared to orange juice, processed at temperatures below100 °C. The objective of this study aims to valuing this wealth of bioactive molecules of prickly pear and increase its consumption in the form of cocktails with orange juice. A stabilisation treatment by heat, weakly affects polyphenols rate which decreases from 10.5% for cocktail of 30%. The loss is 12% in the prickly pear juice. However, the vitamin C content decreases from 25 to 29% following thermal treatment at 85 °C for 30 min for the orange juice and prickly pear juice. Thermal treatment of these juices showed that the antioxidant activity decreases . It is 16% in the presence of 30% of prickly pear juice. During storage the loss of vitamin C is 25% in the presence of 30% pear juice; the loss in polyphenol is low .Microbiological quality control showed the effectiveness of pasteurisation at 85 °C. Valorisation in the form of natural cocktail juice is particularly interesting due to the contribution of bioactives compounds . It showed acceptable sensory quality
Dynamic Adaptation For Independent Task Scheduling Using Dynamic Programming In Multiprocessor Systems
No full textPerformance in IT systems is critical to ensuring that systems meet user needs and expectations. In heterogeneous computing systems (HCS), which consist of processors with varying capabilities, dynamic adaptation plays a vital role in maintaining high performance. Dynamic adaptation enables systems to adjust task allocation and resource usage in real-time to respond to changes in workloads, resource availability, and system conditions. Task scheduling is a key aspect of achieving dynamic adaptation and remains a challenging NP-hard problem in HCS. Efficient scheduling requires optimizing competing objectives, such as minimizing makespan and maximizing processor utilization, to ensure that resources are used effectively. In this work, we propose DYnamic Task Allocation using dynamic programminG (DyTAg), a task scheduling algorithm based on dynamic programming, designed to support dynamic adaptation in HCS. Dynamic programming is particularly suited to this context as it breaks the scheduling problem into smaller, manageable subproblems and solves them incrementally, enabling efficient real-time adjustments. DyTAg leverages dynamic programming to minimize makespan while maximizing resource utilization, ensuring that tasks are allocated optimally even in complex, heterogeneous environments. To evaluate its performance, DyTAg is compared against established algorithms, including Min-Min, Max-Min, and Quality of Service Guided Min-Min, using various task sets and processor configurations. The results demonstrate that DyTAg achieves superior performance, particularly in scenarios involving independent tasks and small task sets, showcasing its potential to enhance dynamic adaptation and optimize performance in heterogeneous computing systems
Priority Area For Sustainable Cashew (anacardium Occidentale L.) Growing In Togo: Economic Implications And Conservation Areas
No full textUnderstanding a species’s current and future potential habitat is crucial to design its policy for management and cultivation practices that are more resilient in the face of climate change. This study assessed the present-day distribution and predicted the potential effect of climate change on the distribution of Anacardium occidentale’s habitat in Togo under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) at the 2055-time horizon. Maximum Entropy algorithm, 2538 species occurrence records, and a combination of 23 climate- and soil-related variables were used. Soil, isothermality, temperature seasonality, and annual precipitation are the most significant environmental factors affecting the distribution of the species in Togo. Based on the current model, 54.45% of the Togolese landscape is favourable for cashew development, mainly in the plains of Guinean and Sudanese savannahs. Unfavourable areas (15.20%) are in the southern mountainous areas of Togo and coastal areas. An increase in favourable areas and a slight decrease in unfavourable and moderately favourable areas are predicted by 2055, considering the two scenarios
Simulation De L’impact De L’inertie Thermique Sur La Consommation Energétique D’un Bâtiment Résidentiel Dans Un Climat Méditerranéen
No full textA l’heure actuelle, le réchauffement climatique est devenu une problématique planétaire et une urgence incontestable à laquelle on devrait impérativement y faire face. En effet, ce phénomène s’avère comme un enjeu majeur du développement durable. Car ses impacts ne se limitent pas seulement à des questions environnementales ; mais il pourrait entraîner de graves conséquences socio-économiques. Dès lors, une réflexion s’impose sur les actions à entreprendre afin de réduire la consommation énergétique et ainsi limiter les émissions de Gaz à Effet de Serre responsables du réchauffement climatique. Ceci nous rappelle la nécessaire mutation du secteur du bâtiment, notamment en matière d’habitat, étant donné qu’il est considéré comme premier consommateur d’énergie. Il serait donc temps de changer notre regard vers des habitats préconisant l’efficacité énergétique. De ce fait, l’objectif de cet article est d’évaluer l’impact de l’inertie thermique de l’enveloppe architecturale sur la consommation énergétique du bâtiment ; afin de contribuer au développement de solutions passives permettant de concevoir des bâtiments moins énergivores et plus durables. Pour ce faire, nous adoptons une approche analytique in vitro à travers une simulation numérique du bilan énergétique d’un prototype de bâtiment résidentiel de type collectif dans un climat méditerranéen à la ville de Constantine, et ce, à l’aide du logiciel TRNSYS. Les résultats de cette étude ont montré que le renforcement de l’inertie thermique, en l’occurrence, grâce à l’usage de la brique de terre cuite et du liège, a permis une réduction notable des besoins énergétiques ; permettant ainsi de consommer 84% d’énergie en moins qu’un logement conventionnel contre un surcoût d’investissement de seulement 2% compensé par une réduction conséquente des dépenses de fonctionnement
Production De Bioéthanol à Partir De Jus D\u27orange De Rouïba
No full textLes circonstances écologiques et économiques actuelles poussent de plus en plus les chercheurs à l’échelle internationale notamment en Algérie à opter pour une source d\u27énergie renouvelable, respectueuse de l\u27environnement, propre, et durable tout en préservant nos réserves pétrolières à la génération future. Les biocarburants restent l\u27issue la plus prometteuse qui peuvent remplacer les carburants dérivés de sources fossiles, tout au moins à les incorporer sous forme d\u27additifs à des proportions variables. Ce travail consiste à déshydrater du bioéthanol hydraté via deux méthodes à savoir : la distillation fractionnée et les tamis moléculaires de type A4. De plus, la caractérisation des carburants a été effectuée sur des carburants de types essences incorporées de 10 % de bioéthanol. Les mélanges obtenus ont été caractérisés selon des essais normalisés tels que : la distillation ASTM, l\u27indice d\u27octane, la tension de vapeur REID, etc. Il ressort de ce travail que l’addition de 10 % de bioéthanol à l’essence super a permis une amélioration de l’indice d’octane de l’essence allant de 98 à 100
Characterization Of Fluorescent Rhizobacteria Isolated From Oleander (nerium Oleander L.) And Olivier (olea Oleaster L.) With Antagonistic Effect Against Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Radicis-lycopersici
No full textThis study aims to characterize the biocontrol potential of two fluorescent rhizobacteria isolated from Oleander (Nerium oleander L.) and Olivier (Olea oleaster L.). The isolation was done in cetrimide agar. The fluorescing strains at 366 nm were selected for the dual plate assay against the tomato pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici. The two best strains showing the highest inhibition rates (Pa2 and S2Pf1 with 31.36% and 51.42% respectively) were chosen to be identified and characterized for their production of antifungal molecules. The taxonomical determination based on macro and micromorphological observations in addition to the biochemical tests of the API 20E and API 20NE strips analyzed by the heuristic soft "PIBwin 2.0.0" suggests the strain Pa2 as a Pseudomonas aeruginosa while the strain S2Pf1 belongs to the Burkholderia cepacia species. The antifungal potential was assessed through the quantification/detection of the following bioactive molecules: salicylic acid, hydrogen cyanide, rhamnolipids, chitinases, and cellulases. The strain Burkholderia cepacia S2Pf1 showed a better antifungal profile in comparison to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pa2. The determination of the growth kinetics parameters of Burkholderia cepacia S2Pf1 based on observed OD600 data, DModel data fitting, and Gompertz model data fitting highlighted a relatively good ability to quickly reach high bacterial densities in both nutrient and seed broths. Thus, Burkoledria cepacia S2Pf1 is suggested as a good candidate to be further assessed for its biocontrol proprieties against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici