Federal University of Kashere Journals
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China’s Maritime Strategy and Its Impact on the Security Perceptions of Southeast Asian States
Full text linkThe study explores China’s maritime strategy and its impact on the security perceptions of Southeast Asian states, drawing upon secondary data from government reports, policy papers, journal articles, and regional security analyses. Over the past two decades, China's assertive actions in the South China Sea—such as island reclamation, increased naval patrols, and the construction of military installations—have significantly altered the strategic landscape of Southeast Asia. While Beijing frames these actions as part of its sovereign rights and maritime defense, neighboring countries perceive them as coercive, destabilizing, and indicative of expansionist ambitions. The study adopts a qualitative content analysis approach to examine how states like Vietnam, the Philippines, and Malaysia have responded to these developments through policy adjustments, defense cooperation, and diplomatic engagement. Findings reveal a deepening security dilemma in the region, with affected states strengthening bilateral ties with external powers such as the United States and Japan, while also expressing cautious commitment to multilateral conflict-resolution mechanisms through ASEAN. The research underscores how strategic narratives, historical grievances, and power asymmetries contribute to divergent threat perceptions and policy responses. It concludes that unless mitigated by genuine dialogue and confidence-building measures, China’s maritime posture will continue to generate mistrust and fuel regional insecurity
The Influence of the Wagner Group on Regional Security in the Sahel Region
Full text linkThe Wagner Group, a Russian paramilitary organization, has increasingly influenced the security dynamics of the Sahel region, where weak governance, terrorism, and inter-communal conflicts persist. This study examines the influence of Wagner’s presence on regional stability, focusing on its role in counterterrorism operations, regime protection, and resource exploitation in countries such as Mali, Burkina Faso, and the Central African Republic. This study revealed that Wagner provides military support to Sahelian governments facing jihadist insurgencies, its operations have been linked to human rights violations, civilian casualties, and further destabilization. Additionally, its engagement often weakens democratic institutions by reinforcing authoritarian rule and reducing Western influence in the region. The group's involvement in economic sectors, particularly in resource-rich areas, raises concerns over neo-colonial extraction practices and the financing of armed conflicts. The study highlights how Wagner’s activities exacerbate regional security challenges by deepening divisions between local governments and their Western allies, increasing the risks of prolonged conflicts. Moreover while Wagner may provide short-term military advantages to host states, its long-term impact threatens sustainable peace and governance in the Sahel. On the whole, strengthening regional security frameworks, enhancing governance, and promoting multilateral security cooperation are essential to mitigating the destabilizing effects of foreign private military actors
Hygiene Services in Urban Administration and Management: Issues, Challenges and Realities of Community Health Management
Full text linkThe issue of open defecation remains a critical public health and governance challenge, particularly in urban areas of low- and middle-income countries. Despite global efforts to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services, many urban centres continue to face significant gaps in access and management. Open defecation is driven by a combination of socio-economic disparities, infrastructural deficits, weak policy implementation, and insufficient institutional coordination. Its implications extend beyond public health to include economic losses, environmental degradation, and social inequities, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations such as women, children, and marginalised groups. Addressing this challenge requires integrated approaches that strengthen urban governance, promote community participation, and leverage innovative solutions for effective sanitation management. A focus on inclusive and accountable public administration can ensure equitable access to sanitation and hygiene services, contributing to healthier and more sustainable urban environments
The Casualties of Greed: Governance Crises, Development Stagnation, and the Quest for Institutional Reforms in Nigeria
Full text linkThe Nigerian State, Africa's most populous nation, has long struggled with governance crises rooted in corruption, political instability, and systemic inefficiencies. These challenges, largely driven by greed at various levels of government, have resulted in significant developmental stagnation, impeding economic growth, social progress, and the realization of the nation's full potential. This paper examines the intricate relationship between governance failures and their implications for sustainable development in Nigeria, emphasizing the critical role that institutional weaknesses play in perpetuating a cycle of underdevelopment. The study highlights that the true victims of Nigeria’s governance crises are the everyday citizens, who bear the brunt of mismanagement, poor policy decisions, and systemic corruption. Employing a Qualitative Critical Phenomenology (QCP) approach, this research analyzes secondary data, to explore the relationship between elite greed and developmental stagnation. Drawing upon the Conceptual Framework for Nigeria's Governance Crises and Developmental Stagnation, the study investigates how elite greed, ethnic and regional tensions, and institutional weaknesses have contributed to Nigeria's slow pace of development. This paper emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive systemic reforms that empower citizens to actively engage in governance and demand accountability from their leaders. The paper recommends civic education programs designed to raise awareness of existing accountability frameworks, such as the Freedom of Information (FOI) Act and Whistle-blower Protection laws, enabling citizens especially in rural areas to challenge poor governance
Foreign Aid Effectiveness and Global Partnerships: Implications for Nigeria's National Development
Full text linkForeign aid has been a crucial factor in Nigeria's development, impacting economic growth, infrastructure, healthcare, and education. However, its effectiveness is often debated due to issues such as corruption, mismanagement, donor-imposed conditions, and aid dependency. This study examines the effectiveness of foreign aid in Nigeria and the influence of global partnerships on national development. Employing a conceptual framework, the research analyses various aid models, including bilateral and multilateral assistance, humanitarian aid, and technical support. Key findings highlight the relevance of theoretical perspectives like Dependency Theory, showing that foreign aid can either promote economic growth or entrench reliance on external support. A comparative analysis with Ghana and Rwanda emphasizes the significance of governance, policy alignment, and strategic aid utilization. While foreign aid has significantly contributed to Nigeria’s development, its potential remains unfulfilled due to structural inefficiencies and inadequate policy implementation. The study recommends enhancing transparency and anti-corruption measures, aligning aid with national priorities, reducing dependency through local revenue generation, and reforming donor conditionality’s. Furthermore, fostering regional partnerships and investing in sustainable initiatives will improve aid effectiveness. By addressing these challenges, Nigeria can move towards economic self-sufficiency while ensuring that foreign aid effectively supports national developmen
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF PRICING STRATEGIES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF SOME SELECTED BAKERIES IN GOMBE
Full text linkThis research examines the impact of three pricing strategies; cost-plus pricing, customer value-based pricing, and competitive pricing, on the performance of specific bakeries in Gombe State, Nigeria. Anchored in the Resource-Based View, Customer Value Theory, and Porter’s Competitive Advantage Theory, the study offers a theoretical framework for comprehending how pricing decisions influence performance outcomes. A descriptive survey approach was utilized, and data were gathered using a structured questionnaire distributed to 142 respondents selected through a proportionate stratified random sampling method. The data were examined utilizing SPSS version 20, incorporating descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and simple linear regression. The results indicated that all three pricing models positively and significantly influence organizational performance. Cost-plus pricing bolstered financial stability, customer value-based pricing fostered customer loyalty and revenue growth, and competitive pricing augmented market share and customer acquisition. The research finds that implementing a hybrid pricing model enhances both financial and non-financial outcomes. It enhances the body of knowledge by associating pricing strategies with organizational performance in the context of small and medium-sized firms within Nigeria's bakery sector
Application of Norm-Attainable Operators in Functional Analysis
Full text linkNorm-attainable operators are essential in functional analysis, helping solve optimization problems and operator equations in Banach and Hilbert spaces. This study builds on earlier work that focused mainly on Hilbert spaces but gave less attention to other spaces like and the patterns of operator sequences. Using a deductive approach with tools like the Hahn-Banach theorem and spectral theorem, we develop clear conditions for p-norm attainability in spaces and confirm when self-adjoint operators achieve their norm in Hilbert spaces. We extend norm-attainability to iterated operators defined by Banach spaces, show that a sequence {tn} preserves p-normality, and introduce a new sequence that converges strongly in reflexive spaces. These findings improve methods for maximizing functions and solving operator equations. Our work broadens existing theory by including Banach spaces and new sequence dynamics, providing useful tools for operator algebras. Future studies could explore non-reflexive spaces and sequence convergence speed
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Menstrual Hygiene among Female Students in Federal University of Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria.
Full text linkThis study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of female students in Federal University Kashere regarding menstrual hygiene to identify areas for improvement and inform the development of targeted educational programs. The specific objectives of this study are to determine the difference in the level of knowledge between adolescent and non-adolescent female students on menstrual hygiene, and to determine the difference of female students’ menstrual hygiene practices with mothers’ educational levels, correlation between attitudes toward menstrual hygiene to the socio-economic status of female students and menstrual hygiene practice. Four research questions were raised from the objectives and four hypotheses were hypothesized. A total of three hundred and seventy-two (372) female students of Federal University of Kashere were chosen as the sample for the research using convenience sampling method. A quantitative cross-sectional survey of 372 female students selected from Federal University of Kashere was conducted using a structured questionnaire; data were analysed with SPSS 23 using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation. The findings of the research revealed that no difference in the level of knowledge between adolescents and adult female students of Federal University of Kashere. Similarly, there is no association between female students’ menstrual hygiene and mother’s level of education. More so, there is no correlation between attitudes toward menstrual hygiene to both the socio-economic status, and practice of menstrual hygiene among female students of Federal university of Kashere. Conclusively, there is 97% of the female students practice good menstrual hygiene, no difference in menstrual hygiene practices of female students and mothers’ level of education, no correlation of attitude toward menstrual hygiene to both socioeconomic status and menstrual hygiene practice of female students of Federal University of Kashere
Effects of Political Governance and Public Health Intervention on Food Security Among Small Scale Farmers in Adamawa North
Full text linkThe study assesses the impact of political governance and public health intervention on food security among small scale farmers in Adamawa North. The issue of food security has been a central concern for many decades. Food security is achieved when all individuals have consistent physical, government policy and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and preferences for an active and healthy life. The main objective of the study is to assess the impact of political governance and public health intervention on food security among small scale farmers in Adamawa North while the specific objectives are to describe the socio-economic characteristics of small-scale farmers in the study area and to identify the determinants of food security among the respondents in the study area. The study reviews related literature on good governance, public health intervention and food security while system theory is adopted as the theoretical framework. The main source of data for this study is primary. The study used inferential statistics such as frequency distribution and percentage for the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and logit regression is used on the determinant of food security. The study discovered that there are no target programmes and policies to improve food production in Adamawa North. The study recommends that there should be targeted programs to provide small scale farmers with access to essential agricultural inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and farming equipment
Intra-Party Crisis in Nigeria: A Study of the 2022 All Progressives Congress Primaries in Abia Central Senatorial Zone
Full text linkThis study focused on intra-party crisis in Nigeria with emphasis on the 2022 All Progressive Congress (APC) primaries for Abia Central Senatorial Zone. The increasing cases of intra-party crisis in Nigeria have remained a threat to the sustenance of democracy. Two hypotheses were evaluated and the study relied on the Structural Functionalist theory as a framework of analysis. The study used secondary data and adopted a survey research design, using questionnaires as an instrument of data collection. Data was collected from the sample size of 244 All Progressives Congress (APC) members randomly chosen from the population of 624 All Progressives Congress (APC) executives from the 52 wards in Abia Central Senatorial Zone. Responses were presented in tables and hypotheses were tested using a 5-point Likert scale. The findings revealed that intra-party crises have a significant effect on the performance of political parties in elections and poor implementation of the party constitution and Electoral Act are all enablers of intra-party crises in Nigeria political parties. The study concludes that political parties remain an important institution for any democracy to succeed and the continuous cases of intra-party crises have constrained political parties to contribute towards the consolidation of democracy in Nigeria. Thus, if Nigeria’s political parties must help deepen Nigeria’s democracy, internal party democracy should be promoted, issues leading to factionalization addressed and the dictates of the party constitution and Electoral Act should not be compromised