Federal University of Kashere Journals
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Artificial Intelligence and Election in Nigeria: An Assessment of the Possible Impact on the Country’s Electioneering Process
Full text linkThe advancement in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly affected the electioneering process. This is true in terms of, for example, voters’ education and electoral debates. But also true is the fact that the adoption of artificial intelligence has the potential to derail the country's democratic achievement in terms of relatively free and fair elections. It is against this background that the study examines the possible impact of AI on elections in Nigeria. The framework of analysis adopted for this study is the innovation diffusion theory. Based on the analysis thereof, the study concluded that the adoption of AI into the electoral process has the potential to either play a positive or negative role depending on its utilization by the Independent Electoral Commission (INEC) and the regulations set by authorities to guide its adoption. The study recommended, among others, that the electoral management bodies, both at the national and state levels, should embark on public awareness campaigns to educate the electorates on the workings and capabilities of artificial intelligence as regards elections and electioneering process so as to curtail the possible impacts of artificial intelligence-generated misinformation and disinformation
The Impact of National Identification Management Policy in Bauchi State
Full text linkThe fact that the National Identity Management Commission Act of 2007 and Mandatory use of the National Identification Number Act 2015 as amended in section 5 states unequivocally that the NIN shall serve as “Foundation Identity" which every agency or institution shall adopt in establishing the “Functional Identity" requirements for its operation. It is to be noted that most of these agencies still compromise the provision of this Act. This may not be far from the fact that some agencies/organisations even institutions still accept other means of identification contrary to the provision of the NIMC Act. This situation of flagrant violation of the NIMC Act 2007 and 2015 present puzzle which needs to be unravelled. The aim of the study was to: identify and critically examine the basic intents of the NIN policy and to assess the level of awareness/willingness of people to enrol in NIN in the study area. Data for the study were both primary and secondary. Two sets of questionnaire were administered to obtain primary data
Fudging the Numbers: Understanding the Politics and Dynamics of Population Census Figures in Nigeria
Full text linkThe Policymakers use population census as a reference for efficient social mobilisation, economic planning, and overall national development. However, its manipulation and politicisation have the negative impact of inadequate planning, which obstructs actual advancement. Ascertaining Nigeria's population has been a complex endeavour with its controversies since 1866, and as such has been based on conjectures rather than precise enumeration and valid data presentation. This study employed a qualitative research methodology, thus highlighting the controversies surrounding Nigeria’s census exercise over years and how this affects economic and development planning. The study made the case that the British colonial government intentionally favoured the then Northern region throughout Nigeria's history of population census manipulation for ostensibly ulterior purposes. It discovered that since the North has held political power for over thirty of Nigeria's sixty-four years of independence, successive federal governments that were, in a sense, controlled by Northerners have persisted in politicising and even weaponizing head counting in the country. The paper concluded that the manipulation and politicisation of population census figures in favour of the North vis-à-vis the South is a major impediment to national integration and development
Dissecting the Trajectories of Food Insecurity in Katsina State 1999-2023
Full text linkFood shortage has been a big problem in Katsina State, Nigeria, for many years. This study examines the nature of food insecurity in Katsina State from 1999 to 2023. The study adopts the Human Security Theory as its theoretic framework of analysis. This study adopts the qualitative research method and data for the study were obtained from secondary sources such as; government reports, books, journals and of course the internet was utilized. The research examines different factors, such as climate change, weak government policies, and security issues, have made it hard for people to get enough food. As a result, people have had to depend more on food brought from outside the state and on help from aid organisations. The study also examines government efforts like the Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA) and the Anchor Borrowers' Program (ABP) to see if they have helped improve food production and supply. Findings show that while the government and other organisations have tried to improve food availability, problems like bad roads, lack of financial support for farmers, and poor market systems have slowed the progress. The research also highlights the role of international organisations in providing food aid and training for farmers. In conclusion, this study suggests that solving food insecurity in Katsina State requires that the government and communities need to work together to improve security, support farmers, and find better ways to deal with climate change, insecurity etc
Influence of Actors on the Development of the Extractive Industry Sector in Nigeria
Full text linkThe Nigeria's extractive industry is governed by a complex network of actors, each with varying degrees of power and influence. This study examines the key stakeholders and the attributing factors that impact resource governance in the extractive sector. Government agencies, multinational corporations, local communities, civil society organizations, and international business entities play significant roles in shaping policies and regulations within the industry. This paper employs a qualitative approach to data collection and examines the interplay between these actors to define their level of influence in different spheres of interest within the extractive industry in Nigeria. The study discovered that while the Nigerian government has considerable authority through regulatory frameworks and licensing agreements, corruption and politically motivated conditions often hinder its effectiveness in enforcing these regulations. Conversely, private entities also have dominant influence on the market which include, price mechanism and control over demand. Nigeria's abundant natural resources attract multinational corporations and exert considerable influence through investment capacity and technological expertise. However, there is no balance between actor’s engagements as it affects employment creation and value addition process. Local communities affected by environmental degradation and socio-economic inequalities, increasingly lack greater participation and benefits from resource extraction activities. Despite challenges in reconciling competing interests and power dynamics, inclusive and participatory approaches are needed for effective resource governance in Nigeria's extractive industry. The study recommends that Civil Society Organizations and international bodies should progressively advocate for transparency, accountability, and sustainable practices, acting as watchdogs to pressure government and corporate actors to comply with best practices
The Military in Nation-Building: A Case Study of the USA Intervention in Afghanistan
Full text linkThe Nation-building efforts in Afghanistan by the United States’ military began with the introduction of combat forces, which were initiated on 7 October 2001, to remove the Taliban regime and eliminate the al-Qaida terrorist network in Afghanistan. This study examined the US military interventions in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2021. The study adopted a secondary methodology and utilized the realist theory as a framework of analysis. It was realized that nation-building takes a long time and its success appears to be linked to maintaining a standing United States military presence in the country. Again, nation-building is more successful if the state has had experience in self-government and if it has had a viable economy. The study also submitted that the military nation-building had a detrimental effect on the moral reputation of the US, as a result of questionable tactics used during military intervention. Again, the long-term military operations in Afghanistan and their failure to achieve set objectives have reduced the US’s appetite for military intervention. The study recommended that, the military should design support troop structure to expand the capacity to perform nation-building operations in post-conflict regions. Again, the military must recognize the significance of building capacity to establish good governance, and it must push down to local commanders, greater authority for contracting and distribution of resources. Lastly, there is need to establish a structure and means for routine coordination with other government agencies and expand civil-military collaboration efforts to include international governmental organisations and non-governmental organisations
Comparative Analysis of Armed Conflicts in Africa: A Study on the Republics of Mali and Cameroon
Full text linkThe work made use of secondary data and adopted conflict theory, this study revealed that various African nation-states faced challenges to include but not limited to trans-border crimes, sickness and diseases (like Malaria, Ebola, Polio); poverty, human trafficking; military intervention in politics, desert encroachments, to mention but a few. Majority of the states in the sub-region were colonial creations, Mali and Cameroon were for instance colonized by France before being granted independence. The sovereignty of both countries were however, at different times challenged by internal armed conflicts orchestrated either by ethnic militia and secessionists or religious extremists like the Tuaregs in Mali and the Ambazonian boys in the North-West and South-West regions of Cameroon. The similarities and differences between the two armed conflicts are examined. The paper concluded that the armed conflicts have negative impacts on each of the states, its economy, social infrastructures and the continent at large. Some recommendations to forestalled future and amicably resolve such or similar conflicts were outlined
Evaluating the Effect of Examination Malpractice on Academic Performance among Some Selected Secondary School Students in Zaria LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Full text linkThe study evaluate the effect of examination malpractice on academic performance among Secondary School Students in some selected schools in Zaria LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study adopted cross–sectional descriptive design to carry out the research work and a simple random sample was used as a subset of statistical population in which each member of the subset has an equal probability of being chosen. The data collected was subjected to the Cronbach’s Alpha which yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.75. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics using frequency tables and mean calculations. Findings indicate that examination malpractice has effect on academic performance among secondary school student (with aggregate mean of 3.08 and 3.00 in both Al-Hudahuda and GGSS Pada respectively. Lack of effective supervision during examination, lack of preparation for the examination and poor attendance of classes by students were identified as the major causes while various devices such as bringing prepared answers were also identified. Some suggestions were made for preventing examination malpractice. Based on the findings made, it is therefore concluded that examination malpractice is a problem affecting student academic performance among secondary school students, which encourages laziness in students where students no longer depend on themselves but on machineries and external materials. The recommendations such as ensuring that only formally registered candidates sit for the examination, making frequent unannounced visits by officials of examination centers
Intergovernmental Relations and Coordination in Nigeria
Full text linkIntergovernmental relations have attracted scholarly attention in federal systems. A key aspect is how the intergovernmental structures and processes are coordinated in delivering public goods and services. Since the return to democratic rule in 1999, the Nigerian federation has witnessed both conflictual and cooperative relations among the tiers of government. Conflictual relations appear to be more predominant due to the constitutional provisions that create a superior-subordinate relationship between the federal and state governments. The activities of the state government also subjugate the local governments. Using Deil Wright’s authority relations model, this paper conceptualises intergovernmental relationships and examines Nigeria's federal-state, interstate and state-local relations. Similarly, it evaluates the state of intergovernmental coordination in implementing national policies. The paper concludes that conflictual relations characterise intergovernmental relations between the tiers of government in Nigeria due to the federal government's dominance. Likewise, coordination has not been effective in delivering public goods and services
Comparative Analysis of Electoral Technology Deployment and Voter Trust in the 2015, 2019, and 2023 General Elections in Nigeria
Full text linkThe integrity of electoral processes is fundamental to democratic consolidation, and technological innovations have increasingly been adopted to enhance transparency and credibility. This study conducts a comparative analysis of electoral technology deployment and voter trust in Nigeria’s 2015, 2019, and 2023 general elections. Drawing on a mixed-methods approach that includes document analysis, public opinion surveys, and key informant interviews, the study evaluates the evolution and effectiveness of technologies such as the Smart Card Reader (SCR), the Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS), and the electronic transmission of results. Findings reveal that while the 2015 elections marked a turning point with the introduction of SCR, subsequent elections in 2019 and especially 2023 saw significant technological upgrades intended to address past deficiencies. However, the study also finds that technological deployment alone does not guarantee voter trust; factors such as operational reliability, INEC’s transparency, political interference, and public awareness significantly shape electoral credibility. The 2023 elections, despite the introduction of BVAS and result upload portals, witnessed mixed reactions from the electorate due to perceived inconsistencies and logistical shortcomings. The study concludes that while electoral technology has the potential to enhance voter trust, its impact is contingent upon effective implementation, stakeholder confidence, and institutional accountability. Recommendations are offered to strengthen the integration of technology in Nigeria’s electoral process for future democratic resilience