Federal University of Kashere Journals
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EFFECT OF FISCAL DISCIPLINE ON PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ALLOCATION: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM KOGI STATE, NIGERIA
Full text linkThis study provides an empirical investigation into the relationship between fiscal discipline and the allocation of public expenditure in Kogi State, Nigeria, during the period 2007-2017. Against a backdrop of widespread fiscal mismanagement and poor human development outcomes in many Nigerian states, this research quantifies how key fiscal variables (specifically the fiscal deficit, internally generated revenue (IGR), and federal allocations) influence capital expenditures directed towards social sectors. Utilizing secondary data sourced from the Kogi State Annual Reports and the Office of the Auditor-General, an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model was employed for analysis. The results demonstrate a statistically significant negative impact of fiscal deficits on capital expenditure allocations, indicating that deficit financing crowds out public investment. Conversely, both IGR and federal allocations exhibited positive and significant effects, though the latter underscores a dependency on external funds. The study concludes that entrenched fiscal indiscipline, characterized by persistent deficits, is a primary constraint on Kogi State’s ability to fund human development initiatives transparently and accountably. We recommend the stringent enforcement of fiscal responsibility legislation, a deliberate strategy for IGR diversification beyond the oil sector, and the institutionalization of robust public access to information protocols to ensure the accountable use of all public funds
Mathematical Model of Oxygen Concentration on County Solid Waste Management at Dumpsite
Full text linkThis study presents the development of one-dimensional mathematical model capable of simulating simultaneous processes of oxygen flow. The resulting governing equations is partial differential equation (PDE) which have been solved by separation of variables method. The goal is to study the three transport parameters; effective diffusivity, decay constant rate and porosity on the oxygen concentration which results in degradation of refuse because after a long-term process in the dumpsite. Solutions of the model equation are obtained using Separation of variables. The results are presented graphically. From the simulated results it is found that for the particular time, oxygen concentration decreases with increase in reaction rate constant (k) with times and depths at the dumpsite. Oxygen concentration at the dumpsite increases with increase in porosity at a particular time at all depths. Oxygen concentration increases with increase in effective diffusivity () time and depth
Evaluation of Naturally Occurring Radionuclides Concentration and Associated Radiological Health Risks in Agricultural Soils from Iwerele, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Full text linkArtisanal and small-scale mining activities often pose environmental and health risks to surrounding ecosystems. This study evaluates radiological hazards and potential exposure levels in soils from active and abandoned mining sites in Iwere-Ile, Oyo State, Nigeria. Twenty-two soil samples were analyzed using a Gamma-ray Spectrometer with a NaI(Tl) detector to determine the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides. The mean specific activities of 40K and 232Th contributed about 15% and 9%, respectively, to the total radioactivity. The absorbed dose rate from terrestrial gamma radiation ranged from 5.86 to 217.48 nGy h⁻¹, averaging 58.06 nGy h⁻¹, slightly above the UNSCEAR global reference value of 55 nGy h⁻¹. The annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) varied between 0.02 and 0.76 mSv yr⁻¹, remaining below the 1 mSv yr⁻¹ public dose limit. Although the annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE) exceeded international recommendations, the internal and external hazard indices were both less than unity, indicating minimal radiological threat. Overall, agricultural activities in the area can be considered radiologically safe despite ongoing mining operations
An Analysis of Ethno-Religious Conflict in Kaduna State
Full text linkEthno-religious conflict is one of the major security challenges that consumes lives and property of Kaduna People. The salient factor responsible for the conflict is linked with the densely populated society scrambling for scarce resource. Therefore, this paper has analyses ethno-religious conflict in Kaduna State of Nigeria. Data were obtained from the secondary source. The paper adopts social conflict theory at a guide for analysis. The findings indicate that economic hardship, ignorance, religious and intolerance among other are responsible for the conflict. The paper recommends for economic development, national dialogue and civic education
Assessment of Water Quality around Selected Dams and Irrigation Projects in Nigeria
Full text linkThis study assesses quality of water sources within dams and 4 irrigation project (Gurara Irrigation Project, Bakolori Irrigation Project, Oyan Irrigation Project, and Isampou Irrigation Project) sites located in 4 river basins (Upper Niger, Sokoto-Rima, Ogun-Oshun, and Niger-Delta) across Nigeria. Water samples were collected in each of the 4 different locations and analysed at Kaduna Environmental Protection Authority (KEPA) Laboratory, using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) among others, focusing on the concentration levels of key water parameters including physio-chemical, heavy metals, and microbial count. The two-way ANOVA was conducted for the laboratory results of all 7 heavy metals as a basis for understanding the impact of both location and heavy metal type on the concentration of heavy metals in the water. The outcome of the two-way ANOVA analysis reveals that there is no significant difference in the mineral contamination of Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn across all 4 locations. Only Ca appears to have recorded a significant divergence in the records from the 4 project sites. The result also reveals EC, Na and K with mean concentration values above permissible limit (APL) for irrigation standards as well as for drinking water set by the WHO (2012). The microbial counts for Total Coliform Count (TCC), Thermo Tolerant Count (TTC) and Bacterial Count in majority of the samples assessed were relatively high. Based on the result, the study recommends periodic water quality monitoring in the study areas with the view to early detections and treatment
Covid-19 World Order and Global Solidarity: The African Continents Pains and Gains
Full text linkThe paper investigates how paradigm shifts caused by varying interests, actions, or inactions of global actors and nationals during the COVID-19 Pandemic undermine the international community's ability to band together to mitigate the devastating effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic. The study maintained that the world is gradually transiting into the epoch of multiplex world order where the paramount major powers lack the capacity to shape the world order to favour their own interests, among other competing great powers, regional giants, and emerging powers. In light of this, Africa was regarded as one of the most vulnerable continents adversely affected by the pandemic. Therefore, the study seeks to ascertain the extent to which it affects the African continent by weighing the cost and the benefit of the pandemic. In conclusion, the study recommended a homegrown solution against future reoccurrence
Women Under-Representation in Politics, Factors Responsible: A Case of Yobe State
Full text linkWqmen are under-represented in political institutions globally. In Nigeria and Yobe State in particular, under-representation of women is glaring at the executive, legislative and judicial arms of government. Anchored on the theory of empowerment, this research evaluates women’s under-representation in politics: factors responsible for the predicament in Yobe State. The objective of the study is to identify the factors responsible for women’s under-representation in Yobe; explore the consequences of women’s under-representation in politics and develop strategies that will increase participation of women in decision making process. A qualitative research design was adopted and an In-depth interview method was used to elicit data from 20 Key Information Informants across Yobe State particularly from ministry of women affairs and women in business. The study found that under-representation of women in Yobe State is caused by patriarchy, coercion, cultural/religious barriers, stigma, godfatherism, lack of interest and intimidation/threats. It also discovered that the consequences of women’s under-representation in politics include inequality, poverty, loss of voice, anti-women policies and erosion of democratic values and principles. The study concludes that women are totally not represented in Yobe State politics, and recommended strategies to turn the tide, including combating cultural/ religious barriers, mentorship, adoption of quota system, increased advocacy, direct primaries and a policy of free nomination forms for female contestants. Findings from this study are a reference point to policy makers, academics and non-governmental organizations, women themselves and other stake holders that are relevant to the field
Insecurity and Socio-Economic Development in Ukum Local Government Area, Benue State
Full text linkNigeria's security woes, especially since the advent of democracy in 1999 to date, could be analyzed from a variety of theoretical standpoints. Thus, this can be attributed to seemingly multitudes of systemic challenges responsible for the present security fiasco in Nigeria. The general insecurity and the threat of it have continued to overwhelm the socio-economic and political process to the extent that security issues have remained a fundamental challenge to successive governments and the people of the country. This paper examines the effects of insecurity on the socio-economic development of the Ukum Local Government Area. Data for this study were collected through the distribution of 200 well-structured questionnaires to Ukum residents. Data collected were analyzed and presented in tables, percentages, and charts. The paper adopted Per-Olof Wikström's Situational Action Theory (SAT) as its framework of analysis to explain the issues under study. The findings reveal that insecurity in Ukum is primarily driven by poverty and high unemployment rates, among other factors. The study also highlights that insecurity has adversely affected the residents' livelihoods, turning many into internally displaced persons (IDPs), disrupting businesses, and causing destruction to properties and lives. The paper recommends increased monitoring, and surveillance of the Nigerian borders by the security agencies, addressing corruption, improving governance, and creating job opportunities to alleviate poverty and address the root causes of insecurity
Agricultural Policies in Underdeveloped World Economies: A Study of Nigeria
Full text linkThe primary challenge facing the underdeveloped world today is the pervasive menace of poverty. It stems from the apparent incapacity of certain Third World Countries to harness the agricultural resources bestowed by nature for the collective benefit of humanity. Conversely, post-colonial African countries, particularly Nigeria, have forsaken agricultural production over the past decade in favor of crude oil exploration, driven possibly by the allure of quick profits from oil sales. Consequently, many underdeveloped nations find themselves in significant socio-economic turmoil, exacerbated by the plummeting prices of crude oil in the international market. Beyond the economic downturn resulting from dwindling oil fortunes, leadership conflicts present another challenge. Policies are formulated without the necessary political will for execution, contributing to a general downward spiral of the system. This study reveals that the root cause of poverty in Africa, especially in Nigeria, lies in the mismanagement of the nation's political economy. The high expectations accompanying political independence have given way to escalating frustration, with the populace bearing the brunt of such misrule. The study serves as a theoretical exploration of poverty studies, relying on secondary materials for investigation. It emphasizes that overcoming these challenges, particularly in Nigeria, requires a renewed focus on agricultural production—a reliable strategy to effectively combat poverty and enhance overall agricultural productivity
Public Sector Reform and Citizenship Welfare in Post-Colonial Nigeria: A Case Study of Oil Subsidy Regime
Full text linkThe trajectory of public sector reform in Nigeria from state led to market economy directed by the law of demand and supply has increased the justification for profit maximization in service delivery. This has created serious consequences to the welfare of her citizens in provision of essential services. The public sector reform was organized to delegitimize the state involvement in the management of production and exchange of goods and service. The philosophy behind this reform connotes the global triumph of capitalism over socialism and the attendant invocation of market principles to determine the provision of service delivery. Nigeria, being a post-colonial integrated economy into the global capitalism has adopted the logic of neoliberalism in pricing of her petroleum product by the elimination of subsidy from fuel by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s government. The removal of the petroleum subsidy (fuel) bears severe impact on the affordability, security of supply and accessibility of the product on the citizens’ welfare. The studies intend to utilize qualitative research approach in its data gathering and analysis. This study articulates that maintaining the principles of public sector in the distribution and pricing of petroleum products contribute to major ingredients of social stability and equilibrium in the provision of development and security in Nigeria. The logic of maintaining subsidy in petroleum product cannot be conceived as a burden but a stabilizer and stimulator of the welfare of people