Federal University of Kashere Journals
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The Strategic Deployment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Contemporary Armed Conflicts: A Comparative Study of the Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Gaza Conflicts
Full text linkThe use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in modern conflicts has gained significant attention due to their strategic and tactical advantages. This study seeks to critically examine the impact and challenges associated with the deployment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in two contemporary conflict zones-the Russia-Ukraine war and the Israel-Gaza conflict. This study argues that UAVs influence the battlefield, particularly in terms of surveillance, precision strikes, and logistical support, while addressing the operational and ethical challenges associated with their use. The methodology employed includes a qualitative approach, utilizing case study analysis and secondary data from textbooks and scholarly articles. Data was triangulated to provide a comprehensive understanding of UAVs' roles and their associated challenges, including issues related to technological limitations, international law, and the moral concerns arising from automated warfare. The study is framed through the lens of Realist Theory, which emphasizes the primacy of power, security, and state interests in international relations. In the context of the Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Gaza conflicts, the use of UAVs is seen as a tool for advancing national security objectives and enhancing military capabilities. Realism helps to understand the strategic motivations behind the adoption of UAVs, while also highlighting the inherent challenges related to technological supremacy, sovereignty, and the law of armed conflict. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute to a nuanced understanding of how UAVs shape the modern warfare landscape and the challenges that accompany their integration into military strategies
Effects of Farmers-Herders Skirmish on Nigeria National Security: An Appraisal
Full text linkFarmers-herders scrimmage is of late pervasive across the shores of sub –Sahara Africa. In Nigeria, the development has rapidly transcend the boundaries of the nation’s geopolitical zones and swiftly transforming dynamically and tactically involving its inhabitants as hardly would any group be off hook the act of pastoralism. This paper set out to evaluate farmer’s herder’s conflict in Nigeria and its challenges to national security. Details for the analysis were gather from primary and secondary sources through the use of documentary research technique and focus group discussion with knowledgeable on the subject matter, the literature were judiciously scrutinize using the descriptive methodology. The study revealed that while cases of farmer’s herders clash cannot be completely contained, the development is now taking a new dimension with the infusion of politicization, ethnicity and religious postur
EFFECTS OF LAND USE CONVERSION AND TRANSPORT ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN KANO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
Full text linkThe study assesses the effects of land use conversion and transport affect on economic development in Kano metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria. The study used a cross sectional survey design and the data was collected using structured questionnaire. The researcher used purposive sampling procedure in selecting eight local governments in Kano state. This is as a result of intensity of combating residential land to commercial purposes. The sample size of 398 respondents was determined from the total population of 74,878 using Yamane formula. From the regressions result, the study found that the economic activities connected to road had a positive coefficient and was statistically significant. Access to road transport in marketing agricultural produce had positive coefficient and was statistically significant. Flow of business activities in the settlement had a positive coefficient and was statistically significant. Number of periodic markets had a positive coefficient and was statistically significant at 5% level. Employment generation had a positive coefficient and was statistically significant at 10% level. It was recommended that all stakeholders (community, government, NGO, private organisations) should take this very serious in reconstructing and monitoring the roads for the livelihood of the community. That government should provide a policy that will reduce the movement of these types of old vehicles leading to delays in transportation for both people and goods
Lead, Zinc and Chromium Accumulation Effect on the Germination and Growth of Maize (Zea mays) Seedlings
Full text linkPopulation increase has significant impact on agricultural activities, over the past decades; introduction of many large Industries have serious consequences on environmental health. This can lead to dispensing pollutant in the environment. Some of the pollutants can affect crops in terms of germination and growth. Experimental plots of maize crop were established at Gombe State University (GSU) Botanical garden. The experiment started from 3rd April- 3th August, 2023 and laboratory analysis was conducted at biochemistry laboratory, Gombe State University (GSU). Plant height (cm), fresh roots weight (g), dry roots weight (g), fresh stems weight (g), dry stems weight (g), seeds weight (g), accumulated in roots (mg/l), accumulated in stems (mg/l), accumulated in leaves (mg/l) and accumulated in seed (mg/l) were amongst the morphological trait observed. The accumulation of heavy metals on various concentrations of Lead, Zinc and Chromium contributes to decreased and slightly increased in some growth of Maize (Zea mays) seedlings when compared with the control. However, Percentage of Maize germination under different concentration of Lead, Zinc and Chromium (25ppm, 50ppm, 75ppm and 100ppm with 0ppm as a control) varies, with increasing concentration. Similarly, germination and growth decreased with increasing concentration. Moreover, roots had the highest accumulation of heavy metals followed by stems, seeds while leaves showed lowest absorption of the metals. Finally, there was a strong relationship between plants (maize seedlings) growth and accumulation of heavy metals in the plants morphology. It shows that when concentrations of heavy metals are increasing, accumulations of the same metals are also increasing with decreased or slightly increased in plants morphological growth performance.  
Intra Party Conflict and Electoral Performance: The Experience of the Peoples Democratic Party in the 2023 Nigeria’s Presidential Election
Full text linkThis paper investigated the issues that gave rise to the internal conflict in the PDP at the national level prior to the 2023 presidential election, and argues that it adversely affected its performance at the poll. To support this argument, the paper deployed intra-group conflict theory as a framework of analysis, and generated data from primary sources such as Structured Questionnaire (SQ) and Key Informant Interview (KII), and secondary sources such as books, journals, newspapers/magazines and online materials among others. Data generated from the field survey using SQ were presented in tables and descriptively analysed while the contents of data collected via KII were qualitatively analysed. Research hypotheses were tested at 5% level of significance using non parametric statistics (chi square). The paper found weak internal democracy, desperation for power, clash of irreconcilable interests, and poor conflict resolution mechanism among others as responsible for the internal crisis in the PDP. The paper equally found that intra-party conflict in the PDP manifested in the forms of personality clash between Governor Nyesom Wike and Senator Iyorchia Ayu and media war with the resultant consequences of incessant defections and dwindling party membership among others. Based on these findings, the paper concluded that PDP may still suffer more political woes in future presidential elections if urgent steps are not taken to address the conflict. Based on the findings and conclusion drawn, the paper recommended, among others that, the contentious issues responsible for the internal strife in the party should be amicably resolved as soon as possible for the party to be able to reclaim power from the ruling All Progressives Congress (APC). 
Neo-Colonialism and Dependent Development in African Countries: A Critical Analysis of Nigeria's Neo-Colonial Status
Full text linkThis study critically examined Neo-colonialism and Dependent Development of African Countries. The need for the liberation of Nigeria from the shackles of neo-colonial status and its negative impacts on the socio-economic and political spheres of the country is germane. Nigeria has been in a neo-colonial trap since independence in 1960 like many other African countries with the active involvement of the elites. The study adopted the secondary source of data collection and analysis. The dependency theory was adopted as the framework for analysis due to its relevance in explaining today’s global imbalances. The imperial powers employ economic, financial and trade policies to dominate less developed countries like Nigeria. This has generated greater dependence of the state in different dimensions regarding economic, political and socio-cultural aspects, irrespective of the nation's wealth. Through the Britton Woods Institutions loan conditionality, the IMF and World Bank have kept Nigeria and other African countries in a debt cycle leading to a perpetual debt trap and their inability to govern their economies. The study recommended that the Nigerian leadership should promote internal measures to direct its economic systems out of the shackles of neo-colonialism and imbalance relationship through industrialization and internal political and economic policies outside those of the Britton woods institutions of World Bank and IMF
Assessing the Impact of Activities of the Federal Road Safety Corps in Alleviating Automobile Accidents in Minna, Niger State
Full text linkThis study examines the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) Minna Sector Command in promoting road safety and reducing road accidents in Minna, Niger State. The research focuses on evaluating the consequences of the FRSC's initiatives, including road safety awareness campaigns, public education programs, and enforcement activities. The study reveals that the FRSC Minna Sector Command is actively engaged in conducting road safety campaigns and public education programs, which are generally perceived as effective by the respondents. The Command’s efforts in organizing awareness campaigns, public education, and regular patrols contribute positively to road safety. However, the study also identifies challenges, including inconsistent enforcement of traffic laws and inadequate resources, which impede the full effectiveness of the FRSC's initiatives. Findings indicate that while the FRSC’s road safety campaigns and enforcement activities are appreciated, there is room for improvement in the consistency and visibility of enforcement actions. Additionally, resource constraints such as insufficient funding and personnel shortages impact the Command’s ability to fully execute its road safety programs. In conclusion, the study highlights the need for targeted improvements in the FRSC’s operations. Enhancing the regularity and visibility of enforcement activities and addressing resource limitations are critical steps toward achieving more effective road safety outcomes. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in strengthening road safety measures and ensuring a safer road environment in Minna
An Assessment of Challenges to Local Governments and their Autonomy in Nigeria
Full text linkGrappling with multi-dimensioned challenges, agitation and struggle for autonomy by the local government have been a recurring phenomenon in the political history of Nigeria for several decades. Despite the age long struggle however, the desired result is yet to be achieved. This paper assesses the nature of local governments, their challenges and issues of granting them autonomy in the Nigeria. It also assesses the implications of those challenges on local governments’ administration. In this qualitative method of study, secondary sources of data are used. The paper found that that overcoming their challenges and the hope for autonomy for local governments is being impeded by several factors, including constitutional gaps, continuous political manipulation through the conduct of local elections, over-bearing interference and arbitrary control of the local governments’ funds, especially by the states’ governments and undue interferences in their local political, administrative, traditional and minor matters. These, have resulted in negative tendencies with direct negative implications on the local governments, the struggle to gain autonomy and effective and efficient operations. These hamper their drive to foster development through quality service delivery and relevant project execution within their areas of jurisdiction. The paper recommends strict constitutional laws relating to the local government, especially regarding their autonomy, avoidance of undue interference from the other levels of government, especially the states. Local governments should also be given the conducive atmosphere to perform independently with minimum control where necessary in terms sourcing and expending local revenues
Taking the Wrong Aim: Policy and Strategy Issues in the Management of Contemporary Security Challenges in Nigeria
Full text linkNigeria has become a theater of violent insecurity in the past decades. The country is faced with a multiplicity of security threats that have threatened her existence and rendered the state’s monopoly of the instrument of violence moribund. In an attempt to tackle the menace of insecurity, the Nigerian government formulated the National Counter-Terrorism Strategy (NACTEST) as well as the establishment of the Lake Chad Basin Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF). These militaristic initiatives were directed at combating the Boko Haram terrorism that wreaked havoc in major parts of the North-East as of then. However, this extremely state-centric approach has not yielded the needed results owing to the fact that they failed to take cognizance of other security threats that do not subscribe to military strategy. It is against this background that this paper examined an alternative approach to military bombardment as a means to reduce insecurity to its lowest ebb in Nigeria. Relying on secondary data analysis, the paper argued that the prevalent lack of coherence between policy objectives and the actual security strategies implemented often leads to ineffective responses (state-centric approach) to complex threats such as terrorism, insurgency, and other organized crime. The paper therefore recommends adopting a human-centric approach to security, strengthening social protection programs, promoting inclusive governance and participation, promoting economic empowerment and livelihood opportunities, as well as fostering national reconciliation and social cohesion initiatives in order to effectively combat multiple threats and guarantee national security. 
NEPAD and Development in Africa: An Analysis
Full text linkThis paper examines the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), a significant initiative aimed at transforming Africa’s socio-economic landscape since its launch in 2001. NEPAD was conceived to reposition Africa in global development discourse by addressing key issues such as poverty, governance, infrastructure deficits, and economic integration. This study explores the historical evolution of NEPAD, its objectives, and the strategies employed to achieve sustainable development across the continent. It evaluates NEPAD's achievements, including the promotion of intra-African trade through the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), the establishment of the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) for governance, and the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) for agricultural advancement. However, the paper also highlights significant challenges faced by NEPAD, including dependency on external funding, limited enforcement of governance reforms, infrastructural inefficiencies, and conflicts overshadowing its development agenda. Through a comprehensive analysis, this study underscores the necessity for continuous adaptation and the implementation of practical recommendations aimed at enhancing NEPAD’s effectiveness. By strengthening domestic resource mobilization, enhancing governance mechanisms, prioritizing conflict resolution, facilitating regional cooperation, and investing in capacity building, NEPAD can significantly improve its impact on Africa's development trajectory. Ultimately, this paper contributes to the discourse on regional development strategies in Africa, providing insights into the potential for NEPAD to foster a more integrated, resilient, and prosperous continent