Federal University of Kashere Journals
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Identity Politics and Conflict Issues among Farmers in Ibarapa Area of Oyo State: Implications for Food Security
Full text linkConflicts between pastoral Fulani herdsmen and arable crop farmers in the Ibarapa Area of Oyo State, Nigeria have become phenomenal and a recurring decimal in recent years. Crises have continued to escalate with consequences for food security in the region and particularly in the nation because of the comparative advantage for food production which the area enjoys. The polyglot nature of Ibarapa and its rich arable savannah land is a potential recipe for ethnic conflict. This study investigated the identity politics and issues underlying ethnic clashes and skirmishes, and their impact on agricultural productivity and communal co-existence. The study employed qualitative method of data collection. Secondary information was collected through a survey of extant literature and was analyzed qualitatively to assess the dynamics of conflicts arising from crop damage, cattle theft and rustling and other critical issues. Thematic analysis was carried out through content analysis. The findings showed that competition over scarce resources (land and water) primarily drives social exclusion, heightens conflicts and complicates reconciliation. The study found out that disruption in ethnic and economic relations drastically alter the balance of food production and food security. It concludes on a multifaceted approach to addressing the conflicts including proper resource management, promotion of equitable access to resources and inclusivity concern in social and agricultural policy formulation and implementation to promote food security and sustainable development
Combating Trans-Border Banditry and Security Issues in Katsina State, Nigeria: Challenges and Strategies
Full text linkThis research investigates the complex phenomenon of trans-border banditry and security in Katsina State, Nigeria. It contextualises the challenges posed by geographical proximity to Niger Republic, socio-economic instabilities, and institutional inadequacies. The research questions focus on evaluating the effectiveness of measures taken by government to fight the menace and identifying key impediments to their success. Objectives of the study includes; assessing security strategies and exploring socio-economic, political, and institutional factors contributing to the issue. Employing a mixed-methods methodology, the study collects quantitative data via structured questionnaires and qualitative insights through key informant interviews. Analyses reveal that while initiatives like vigilante groups and increased border patrols have achieved some successes. Thematic findings indicate that community engagement and local intelligence are pivotal, yet underutilized in combating trans-border banditry in Katsina State. Additionally, the ECOWAS free movement protocol and weak regional partnerships exacerbate border control issues. Key findings highlight the effectiveness of punitive measures such as prosecutions but reveal public skepticism toward softer approaches like bandit rehabilitation. Conclusions underscore the need for enhanced security collaboration, advanced surveillance technologies, and economic empowerment programs. Recommendations advocate for robust community policing, capacity-building for security forces, and regional agreements to address the transnational nature of the crisis. Ultimately, sustainable peace in Katsina requires addressing root causes of transborder crimes, strengthening institutional frameworks, and fostering trust between security agencies and affected communities.
 
Deconstructing the Geopolitics of Crypto-currency: The Impact of Bitcoin on Global Economic Power Dynamics
Full text linkThis paper explores the geopolitical implications of Bitcoin through the lens of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), focusing on how narratives surrounding the crypto-currency reshape global economic power dynamics. Utilizing Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional CDA model, the study analyzes policy documents, media content, and institutional discourse from 2017 to 2024 to examine how Bitcoin is constructed, resisted, and legitimized across different geopolitical contexts. Theoretically grounded in post-structuralist conceptions of power, discourse, and ideology, the analysis reveals Bitcoin as both a financial innovation and a strategic geopolitical tool. Key findings indicate that Bitcoin adoption reflects divergent national interests: while El Salvador and Pakistan leverage Bitcoin for financial inclusion and digital innovation, countries like China enforce strict controls to protect monetary sovereignty. Institutional developments such as the U.S. SEC’s approval of Bitcoin ETFs and the Trump administration’s Strategic Bitcoin Reserve underscore Bitcoin’s ascent as a tool of statecraft. However, the energy intensity of Bitcoin mining raises significant environmental and regulatory concerns. The study concludes that Bitcoin is central to an emerging multipolar digital economy and recommends the creation of multi-stakeholder governance frameworks, inclusive regulation, and sustainable technological practices to ensure equitable integration of crypto-currencies in global finance
Good Governance as Key Driver for Sustainable Development, Peace and Security in Nigeria
Full text linkThis paper focuses on good governance as the driving force for sustainable development, peace and security in Nigeria. The paper examines good governance as a precondition for rapid economic transformation, peace, security and sustainable development. It also discusses that peace and security are considered all over the world as an avenue for sustainable national development. There can hardly be a consequential sustainable national development without peace and security in any nation. Since Nigeria return to a stable democracy in 1999, there has been an absence of elements of good governance in all facets of governance due to avalanche of decadence bedeviling our nation. Over the years, Nigeria had been experiencing accentuated socio-economic problems of income inequality, shelter, inadequate food, education, health and other necessities of life and other negative factors that impede sustainable development such as abject poverty, corruption, armed robbery, kidnapping, youth unemployment, social-inequality, electoral violence and farmers-headmen conflict. All these crises attributed to lack of good governance. The paper revealed that corruption, lack of party ideology and quota system are among the hindrances to good governance in Nigeria. The paper employed prebendalism as its theoretical framework. It adopts qualitative method of data collection as its methodology. The paper recommends among others that democratic administrators should manifest the spirit of accountability, responsibility and responsiveness to ensure good governance in Nigeria. It concludes that good governance is a sine qua non of development; hence it is a catalyst for sustainable development.  
Nigeria’s Foreign Policy in the Shadow of Naira Devaluation: Insights from the President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s led Administration
Full text linkThis paper critically examines the impact of Nigeria's recent naira devaluation, undertaken under President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s administration, on the nation’s foreign policy. The devaluation policy, intended to unify exchange rates and attract foreign investment, represents a significant shift in Nigeria’s economic trajectory. However, the sharp depreciation of the naira—from approximately ₦460 to over ₦1,700 per US dollar—has triggered widespread economic consequences, including inflation, a rising cost of living, and a substantial increase in Nigeria’s external debt burden in local currency terms. Drawing on dependency theory, the study situates the devaluation within a broader global economic framework, arguing that such policies often reinforce structural dependencies that constrain the economic sovereignty and foreign policy autonomy of peripheral states like Nigeria. The analysis examines how this economic shift has affected Nigeria’s ability to fulfill its constitutional foreign policy objectives and interrogates its implications for Nigeria’s enduring commitments to non-alignment and African unity. The paper finds that while the devaluation may enhance export competitiveness and attract foreign capital, it simultaneously undermines Nigeria’s continental leadership, weakens its diplomatic leverage, and complicates its ability to meet international obligations. It therefore concludes that without comprehensive economic reforms and adequate social cushioning, the current devaluation threatens to erode Nigeria’s foreign policy aspirations. Aligning domestic economic strategies with foreign policy goals is thus imperative to restore Nigeria’s regional influence and sustain its relevance in the global political economy
PROPOSED EXPERIENTIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP FRAMEWORK (PEEF) FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN NIGERIAN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS
Full text linkEntrepreneurship education is an important driver of innovation and economic growth. The traditional approach ignored application, thus leaving students unprepared for real-world challenges. Using a qualitative literature review method, this study systematically analysed 20 peer-reviewed articles published between 2005 and 2025. The reviewed studies were drawn from diverse contexts but focused primarily on entrepreneurship education practices in developing economies, with particular attention to Sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria as a focal context. Based on this synthesis, the authors proposed an Experiential Entrepreneurship Framework (PEEF). PEEF integrates experiential learning principles into entrepreneurship education, prioritising practical experience, mentorship, group work, and reflective practice to develop core entrepreneurial skills such as opportunity identification, strategic choice, innovation, and resilience. By linking practice and theory, this framework equips learners with cognitive and practical skills needed to thrive in fast-paced business environments. The study has policy, institutional, and pedagogical implications, advocating competency-based and outcome-oriented entrepreneurship programmes. The study recommends applying PEEF in Nigerian higher institutions to validate its relevance and effectiveness, thereby contributing to the development of adaptive, competent, and innovative entrepreneurs capable of thriving in complex entrepreneurial ecosystems
Growth Performance of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus var. Tainung) in relation to sowing depths and soil types
Full text linkKenaf is a non-woody plant that has become one of the important alternative sources of soft fibre material used for packaging materials, paper making and textile. Higher fibre production depends largely on suitable agronomical conditions or practices the plant is subjected to during cultivation. Hence, the need to investigate how different seeding depths and soil types influence the growth performance of the plant. Three soil types (loam, sand and clay) and five sowing depths (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 cm) were studied. The parameters assessed were germination and growth attributes. The results showed that percentage germination, speed of germination and ability of seeds to germinate were significantly increased when the seeding depth was at 2 cm over other seeding depths. Seeding depth at soil surface and those of 1 cm limited all the germination attributes. All the germination attributes were significantly increased in kenaf seeds sown in loamy soil when compared to the other soil types. The results of growth attributes such as plant height, number of leaves, stem girth, leaf area and above-ground dry weight and yield attributes such as number of capsules per plant, number of seed per capsule and number of seeds per plant followed similar trend as recorded for those of germination parameters. Kenaf seeds planted on sandy soil showed reduction in time of seedling emergence, better growth and yield compared to clay soil. The study concluded that 2 cm seeding depth and well-drained soil such as sandy-loam soil are suitable agronomical practice and condition respectively needed for higher productivity that will hitherto translate to greater fibre production. Therefore, the reliance on fibre producing trees could be reduced if these optimum seeding depth and suitable soil type are used by the farmer in the cultivation of this non-woody plant which has the bulk of its stem filled with soft fibre tissue
Hybrid Voting Model for Tackling Voter’s Apathy in 2023 Governorship Election In Kaduna State
Full text linkIt is obvious that in 2023 election in Nigeria, only 24.9% of the electorate voted in the presidential poll. To make voting comfortable largely to improve the voters’ turnout, this study proposed a robust model with a hybrid approach that comprise the conventional voting and electronic voting that could allow voters to use their cellphones, tabs and computers to cast their votes. The study underpinned by two theories: Democratic theory which assumed that electoral technologies have an impact on improving values such as transparency and citizen participation in governance and Technology Acceptance Theory that postulated by Ajzen and Fischbein which assumed that the positive intention of the technology users to adopt technology could largely improve their productive performance and the attitude of the users to accept the positive product of technology for the reduction of human errors. A multistage sampling technique was used for this study to select six local governments two each from three senatorial districts in Kaduna Sate. Interview were conducted with the cyber security experts and INEC officials in order to assess INEC cyber capacity in receiving, transmitting and storing the data receive from the voters via internet devices. The study found that Hybrid Voting Model could be instrumental in making voting more easily, voters’ friendly and consequently tackling the growing challenge of voters’ apathy in Nigeria. The study recommends that Nigerian government need to allocate sufficient fund to its ICT department to extent and improve the internet network and penetration to every section of Nigeria
Interrogating Political Party Institutionalisation In Nigeria’s Fourth Republic
Full text linkEven though political parties have proliferated in Nigeria since former head of state Abdulsalami Abubakar successfully handed over power to a democratically elected government in 1999, their character and operations leave much to be desired. They are faced with a plethora of contradictions which negate their roles in Nigeria's democratic project. Some of these challenges include (but not restricted to) lack of ideology, absence of institutionalized parties, manipulation of ethnicity and religion by the elites, political violence, God fatherism and profound lack of intraparty democracy. The paper adopts Mainwaring’s dimensions of party system institutionalisation as its framework of analysis. Secondary data were collected and analysed using descriptive analysis. The paper identified ideological deficit, lack of internal party democracy and unprincipled inter and intra party conflicts as constituting serious drawbacks to the institutionalisation of political parties in Nigeria. The work recommends increased organisational vitality through internal party cohesion, strong and focused party leadership and more informed civic education to curb the trend. The political elites must learn to play the game by the rules
Perspectives on the Origin and Essence of the Modern State
Full text linkThe State is the dominant form of political organisation and rules the world today. It has become a consistent presence that affects daily lives almost constantly. The modern State has become a complex outfit for meeting all sorts of needs of the citizens. Over the years, fundamental and critical questions were raised on the origin and essence of the State. These have produced generations of remarkable scholarship in the discipline of social sciences. This study, relying on extant literature, crystallises the various perspectives of the modern State, explaining the liberal and radical ideas of the State. The Social Contract Theory and the Marxist Theory were examined. More so, the essence of the State, a subject of endless debate among political theorists was presented. The study also related the essence of the State to citizens’ obligations. It concluded that the essence of the State is a complex and multifaceted theme, yet, one way to understand the essence of the State is to examine its functions concerning the citizens. The study recommends that for the State to be worth its salt, it must demonstrate its capacity, maintain law and order, protect citizens from external threats, provide public goods and services, and promote the general welfare of its citizens. The State should also regulate the economy, redistribute wealth, and enforce social norms