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A Transformer Model with Spatiotemporal Input Embedding for fNIRS data-Driven Neural Decoding
No full textModel structures proposed as spatial embedding of fNIRS data have a problem of embedding channels in a row into one channel without considering the brain area. This paper proposes a neural decoding model, ORC-T, using input embedding that reflects fNIRS data's spatiotemporal characteristics. ORC-T embeds the fNIRS channels into new channels with a depth-wise convolution layer based on the fNIRS optod layout. The embedded data is transferred to the classifier via a 2D convolution layer and a transformer encoder. An open dataset (mental arithmetic, BNCI Horizon 2020) and a consciousness dataset were trained to validate model performance. The ORC-T achieved a k-fold CV accuracy of 81.78% and LOSO CV accuracy of 90.19% in open data, showing lower or equivalent performance than the existing model, fNIRS-T. In the consciousness state dataset, the ORC-T achieved a k-fold CV accuracy of 97.09% and LOSO CV accuracy of 59.43%, showing the equivalent performance as the fNIRS-T. The performance of ORC-T and fNIRS-T hardly decreased even though the number of channels input to the model was reduced. Considering the possibility that spatial embedding introduced in ORC-T did not effectively reflect the spatial information of the fNIRS channels, a model using a convolution layer with a kernel in the channel array's horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions is in the planning process. © 2024 IEEE
순환종양세포 배양을 위한 스트레스 최소화용 연속 원심 미세유체기술 개발
No full textCirculating tumor cells (CTC), CTC culture, mechanical stress, continuous centrifugal microfluidics (CCM), CTC mimic modelMasterdCollectio
Site-specific Fabrication of Photo-responsive Melanin-mimetic Pigments
No full textMelanin, Catecholamine, Pigmentation, Site-specific fabrication, Photoresponsive materialsChapter I. Background 1
1.1. Polydopamine as a synthetic melanin analogue 1
1.2. Versatile adhesive properties of polydopamine 2
1.3. Complexity in polydopamine formation pathway 3
Chapter IⅠ. Spatially Controlled Coating Growth at Solid/Water Interface: Site-specific Fabrication of Melanin-like Pigments Underwater Adhesive Properties 5
2.1. Introduction 5
2.2. Results 9
2.2.1. Solution-phase screening of precursor candidates for melanin-like pigment generation mediated by HRP 9
2.2.2. The precursor-dependent behavior of surface-initiated pigment generation through PAINT 15
2.2.3. Incorporation of amine-containing additives during PC-based PAINT 21
2.2.4. Photothermal conversion activity of melanin-like pigment fabricated by PAINT
for biomedical applications 30
2.3. Discussion 35
2.4. Experimental section 36
2.4.1. Materials 36
2.4.2. HRP-mediated pigmentation in solution 36
2.4.3. Pigmentation on the surface through the PAINT method 36
2.4.4. HRP activity monitoring 37
2.4.5. Characterization 37
2.4.6. Biocompatibility test and photothermal ablation of cells seeded on pigment 38
2.4.7. NIR-derived actuation of Janus-faced hydrogel 38
References 40
Summary 47DoctordCollectio
2D MoS2 Helical Liquid Crystalline Fibers for Multifunctional Wearable Sensors
No full textFiber-based material systems are emerging as key elements for next-generation wearable devices due to their remarkable advantages, including large mechanical deformability, breathability, and high durability. Recently, greatly improved mechanical stability has been established in functional fiber systems by introducing atomic-thick two-dimensional (2D) materials. Further development of intelligent fibers that can respond to various external stimuli is strongly needed for versatile applications. In this work, helical-shaped semiconductive fibers capable of multifunctional sensing are obtained by wet-spinning MoS2 liquid crystal (LC) dispersions. The mechanical properties of the MoS2 fibers were improved by exploiting high-purity LC dispersions consisting of uniformly-sized MoS2 nanoflakes. Notably, three-dimensional (3D) helical fibers with structural chirality were successfully constructed by controlling the wet-spinning process parameters. The helical fibers exhibited multifunctional sensing characteristics, including (1) photodetection, (2) pH monitoring, (3) gas detection, and (4) 3D strain sensing. 2D materials with semiconducting properties as well as abundant surface reactive sites enable smart multifunctionalities in one-dimensional (1D) and helical fiber geometry, which is potentially useful for diverse applications such as wearable internet of things (IoT) devices and soft robotics. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) © Donghua University, Shanghai, China 2024.FALSEsciescopu
SAM: Semi-Active Mechanism for Extensible Continuum Manipulator and Real-Time Hysteresis Compensation Control Algorithm
No full textBackground: Cable-driven continuum manipulators (CDCMs) enable scar-free procedures but face limitations in workspace and control accuracy due to hysteresis. Methods: We introduce an extensible CDCM with a semi-active mechanism (SAM) and develop a real-time hysteresis compensation control algorithm using a temporal convolution network (TCN) based on data collected from fiducial markers and RGBD sensing. Results: Performance validation shows the proposed controller significantly reduces hysteresis by up to 69.5% in random trajectory tracking test and approximately 26% in the box pointing task. Conclusion: The SAM mechanism enables access to various lesions without damaging surrounding tissues. The proposed controller with TCN-based compensation effectively predicts hysteresis behaviour and minimises position and joint angle errors in real-time, which has the potential to enhance surgical task performance. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.FALSEsciescopu
Diabetes Management in Transition: Market Insights and Technological Advancements in CGM and Insulin Delivery
Get PDFContinuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) systems are revolutionizing the real-time tracking of blood glucose levels, a cornerstone in effective diabetes management and optimal glycemic control. Transitioning from the "intermittent readings" offered by traditional Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM) methods, CGM delivers an "uninterrupted flow" of glucose data, enabling a "more detailed" strategy for meeting treatment goals. Initially, the "uptake of CGM faced hurdles due to doubts about its precision, but continuous advancements in technology have not only resolved these concerns but also confirms CGM as a dependable and impactful instrument in diabetes management". Concurrently, advancements in insulin pump technology have improved their portability and ease of use, greatly increasing patient adoption. The market reflects a growing demand for such innovative healthcare solutions, driven by an increased awareness of diabetes management and bolstered by supportive healthcare policies. Future prospects for CGM and insulin pump technologies are incredibly promising, offering the potential for highly personalized care and sophisticated treatment strategies. This paper aims to explore how the synergy between ongoing technological developments and evolving market dynamics is set to redefine the diabetes care paradigm, positioning CGM and insulin pumps as essential elements in enhancing the quality of life for individuals with diabetes. This paper emphasizes the transition in diabetes management through Continuous Glucose Monitoring(CGM) and insulin pumps, analyzing market growth and academic research. It discusses the interrelationships of these elements and emphasizes the need for integrating these components. Additionally, the paper addresses the need for and prospects of integrating these elements into future research and development systems. © 2024 The Author(s).TRU
Quantifying Wrist-Aiming Habits with A Dual-Sensor Mouse: Implications for Player Performance and Workload
No full textComputer mice are widely used today as the primary input device in competitive video games. If a player exhibits more wrist rotation than other players when moving the mouse laterally, the player is said to have stronger wrist-aiming habits. Despite strong public interest, there has been no affordable technique to quantify the extent of a player's wrist-aiming habits and no scientific investigation into how the habits affect player performance and workload. We present a reliable and affordable technique to quantify the extent of a player's wrist-aiming habits using a mouse equipped with two optical sensors (i.e., a dual-sensor mouse). In two user studies, we demonstrate the reliability of the technique and examine the relationship between wrist-aiming habits and player performance or workload. In summary, player expertise and mouse sensitivity significantly impacted wrist-aiming habits; the extent of wrist-aiming showed a positive correlation with upper limb workload. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s
A Digital Phenotyping Method on Paper-based Offline Cognition Assessment Tools
No full text본 논문은 기존 종이형태로 되어져 있는 MMSE-K, SMCQ-K 등과 같은 인지기능평가도구로부터 수집되는 정보를 보다 개인 특성에 맞는 디지털표현형(Digital Phenotyping) 정보로 수집하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 인지기능평가 선별작업에 있어 물적·인적속성 비용 등을 절감할 수 있는 장점뿐만 아니라, 인지기능평가 선별작업에 있어 기존 고정적인 정보 수집의 단계에서 동적인 정보 수집단계로 확장할 수 있어 개인화 특성을 고려한 선별평가 정확도를 정밀하게 할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 이를 위해 동적인 인지기능평가 수집정보를 공통적으로 활용할 수 있는 메타속성을 정의하여 인지기능평가 디지털표현형 모델링하여 스마트 디바이스에서 구동하여 디지털표현형 데이터를 수집할 수 있는 앱(Android, iOS)을 구축하였다
Controlling Reactivity through Spin Manipulation: Steric Bulkiness of Peroxocobalt(III) Complexes
No full textThe intrinsic relationship between spin states and reactivity in peroxocobalt(III) complexes was investigated, specifically focusing on the influence of steric modulation on supporting ligands. Together with the previously reported [CoIII(TBDAP)(O2)]+ (2Tb), which exhibits spin crossover characteristics, two peroxocobalt(III) complexes, [CoIII(MDAP)(O2)]+ (2Me) and [CoIII(ADDAP)(O2)]+ (2Ad), bearing pyridinophane ligands with distinct N-substituents such as methyl and adamantyl groups, were synthesized and characterized. By manipulating the steric bulkiness of the N-substituents, control of spin states in peroxocobalt(III) complexes was demonstrated through various physicochemical analyses. Notably, 2Ad oxidized the nitriles to generate hydroximatocobalt(III) complexes, while 2Me displayed an inability for such oxidation reactions. Furthermore, both 2Ad and 2Tb exhibited similarities in spectroscopic and geometric features, demonstrating spin crossover behavior between S = 0 and S = 1. The steric bulkiness of the adamantyl and tert-butyl group on the axial amines was attributed to inducing a weak ligand field on the cobalt(III) center. Thus, 2Ad and 2Tb are an S = 1 state under the reaction conditions. In contrast, the less bulky methyl group on the amines of 2Me resulted in an S = 0 state. The redox potential of the peroxocobalt(III) complexes was also influenced by the ligand field arising from the steric bulkiness of the N-substituents in the order of 2Me (−0.01 V) < 2Tb (0.29 V) = 2Ad (0.29 V). Theoretical calculations using DFT supported the experimental observations, providing insights into the electronic structure and emphasizing the importance of the spin state of peroxocobalt(III) complexes in nitrile activation. © 2024 American Chemical Society.FALSEsciescopu