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Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Small and Medium-sized Enterprise (SME) Employees in Malaysia
Full text linkBoard Governance Characteristics and Corporate Sustainability in Malaysia: A Conceptual Framework
Full text linkCorporate sustainability is a company strategy that prioritizes the social, ethical, environmental, and economic aspects of doing business in order to generate long-term value for investors. Firms with a high quality of sustainability seem to be more prone to have created stakeholder engagement systems, to be more long-term oriented, and to regularly measure and share non-financial data. As a result, this research aims to create a conceptual framework on the effect of board governance characteristics on corporate sustainability in Malaysia. This study adds to the body of knowledge in this field by highlighting whether governance systems are associated with a rise of the level of sustainability reporting. Thus, the study fills a crucial gap in board governance studies as many areas have not been explored, especially on the board. In the context of board governance and corporate sustainability, it is reasonable to consider the application of agency theory and stakeholder theory.
Challenges Faced by Women Entrepreneurs of 21st Century: Literature Review
Full text linkEntrepreneurship plays a vital role in the advancement and progress of a country’s economy as well as the development of society. However, the number of women entrepreneurs is still relatively low compared to male entrepreneurs. Therefore, this paper aims to find out the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs of the 21st century. The study identified and synthesized data from over 22 years in the field of women entrepreneurship in 57 countries. Six main challenges were identified from the literature. They are financial challenges, lack of knowledge and experience, work-life balance, gender discrimination, sociocultural factors, and lack of government support. Moreover, the paper discusses the reasons for these challenges and the current situation of these challenges. The findings of the paper concluded that the challenges visible 22 years back, all six challenges for women entrepreneurs are still visible in today’s times. Furthermore, the study also found that these challenges are very much co-related to each other and more evident in developing countries compared to developed countries. Actions have been taken to minimize these challenges but no sustainable actions have been seen to date
Critical Success Factors in Malaysian Women Entrepreneurs’ Path to Success
Full text linkEntrepreneurship has traditionally been a man’s realm, but women’s interest in business is growing inMalaysia, but with limited success. This raises questions regarding the elements that influence theirbusiness and entrepreneurial success. The goal of this research is to learn more about the elements thatinfluence the success of female entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Financial capital, human capital, social capital,innovation, and work-life balance were all investigated in this study as factors in the success of Malaysianwomen entrepreneurs. A survey technique is utilised to construct a detailed profile from 313 femalerespondents out of 400 formal standardised questionnaires submitted to achieve the study’s goal. Theprimary data revealed the factors that influence female entrepreneurs’ success. To create empiricalfindings and substantiations that addressed the research subjects, this study used quantitativemethodologies. To close the gap and establish the significance of critical success components, theResource-Based View Theory and Conflict Theory were used as theoretical foundations. To begin, theevidence indicates that the more educated women entrepreneurs are, the easier it is for them to acquirefinancial capital and the more imaginative they are. Second, married women entrepreneurs have moresocial capital but a more difficult time balancing job and family life. Finally, according to the hypothesis,all of the factors are critical for the success of female entrepreneurs. The outcomes of this study mayserve as an inspiration for other Malaysian women to overcome all difficulties in their pursuit of successand to continue progressing socioeconomically while keeping a competitive edge in the corporate world
Entrepreneurial Adeptness Affecting Business Performance of Tea Estate Owners in Sri Lanka
Full text linkThe article explores the conditions of Entrepreneurial Adeptness affecting Business Performance of TeaEstate Owners in Sri Lanka. It was measuring the impact of Entrepreneurial Adeptness on BusinessPerformance as the cross-sectional study using the survey questionnaire. Entrepreneurship is a drivingfactor of economic development of any developing and developed nation and this paper seeks to analyzethe impact of two main constructions as the Entrepreneurial Adeptness on Business Performance of TeaEstate Owners in Sri Lanka. This article also aims to highlight the importance of practice awareness ofEntrepreneurial Adeptness and develop a platform for future research, and practice in that respect.Entrepreneurial Adeptness is the independent variable and Business Performance of Tea Estate Ownersis the dependent variable of the study. Based on the sound literature, three relevant dimensions wereidentified for performance of Tea Estate Owners namely: Know –how? Adeptness, Skilful adeptness andattitudinal adeptness, which comprised the independent variable. Self-developed structuredquestionnaires were distributed among 173 Tea Estate Owners in Galle district, Sri Lanka, whoparticipated in this study by responding to the questionnaire. Data analysis was done by usingcorrelation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis using Statistical Package for the SocialSciences - 23 versions. Findings of the study showed that these three dimensions have positive andsignificant influence on Business Performance of tea estate owners. Probability sampling method is usedfor selecting the data from the population. 
An Analysis of Influential Factors to Occurrence of Road Traffic Accident an Effective Traffic Incident Management in Western province of Sri Lanka
Full text linkJob Characteristics and Public Service Motivation among Civil Service Employees of Maldives
Full text linkHow work is designed is essential for public sector employees as they join to have a meaningful and purposeful job, which will help them achieve their public service ambitions. In this regard, the primary objective of this research is to test the effect of job characteristics on the public service motivation of public sector employees in Maldives. Therefore, using a quantitative research method, this research tested the effectiveness of job design using structural equation modelling on Civil Service employees of Maldives. Hence data was collected from civil service employees working across different government ministries, and a sample of 345 employees was used for data analysis. The findings of this research indicate elements of job design that would improve the meaningfulness of work and have a significant impact on Public Service motivation, while autonomy and Feedback are not significant. This study presents important practical implications from a human resource management perspective to Maldives Civil Service and provides valuable information on how to enhance job design of civil service jobs
Visual status and blindness cause among Blind School Children in Chittagong City of Bangladesh
Full text linkAbstract
Childhood blindness has profound consequences not only for the individual but also for the family and the community. This is particularly true in the developing world. An estimated 1.4 million children are blind of whom 1 million live in Asia. The study aimed to identify the major treatable or preventable causes of visual loss in children attending blind schools in Chittagong.
A total of 59 fifty-nine children with blindness or severe visual impairment attending only one school for the blind were examined and details recordings were done according to the WHO standard format. Children were asked with the aid of an interpreter the age at which they lost vision, whether they knew the causes of their poor vision, and whether there was any relevant family history including a history of consanguinity. Limited past medical history of children was available. Visual acuity was measured using an illiterate E chart. All children were refracted where possible, and visual acuity was repeated with correction. Visual loss was classified according to the WHO categories of visual impairment. An assessment of functional vision was made on all students. This tested the ability to walk around, to recognize faces, and to see large print.
The total number of male and female children examined was almost equal (male 50.8%). The majority of the children (49.2%) were between 11 and 15 years old. Of the children examined (94.9%) were blind (3/60 - NPL) and (5.1%) had severe visual impairment (6/24-4/60). Of those children who were blind or had severe visual impairment (37.3%) had navigational vision being able to walk unaided between two chairs placed 1 meter apart in a room. Only (6.8%) of students in a blind school had an associated disability while the remaining (93.2%) of students did not have any associated disability. Among the students who participated in the study (37.3%) gave a history of blindness among the family members. Parental consanguinity was identified among 32.2% of the children. Of all students who participated in the study, their whole globe (28.2%), the cornea (9.3%), lens (16.1%), retina (35.6%), optic nerve (1.7%), and amblyopia (2.5%) were found to be the affected sites causing blind or severe visual impairment. Since birth 67.8% of the children were blind. All of the children's visual acuity improved with pinhole (8.5%). The main causes of blindness were retinitis pigmentosa (19.49%), phthisis bulbi(16.95%), congenital cataract(9.32%), pseudophakia (9.32%), buphthalmos (9.9.32%), nystagmus(6.7%), amblyopia (16.95%) and others (30.5%).
Among the students of blind school, different causes of blindness were revealed. Different ocular abnormalities were found as the reason for blindness where retinitis pigmentosa, amblyopia, and congenital cataracts were major causes of blindness. It was found that the major affected ocular sites were the retina and the whole globe. Some blind children, of them improved their visual acuity with low-vision devices and optical correction
Assessment Of Visual Acuity Using Three Different Versions of LEA Symbol Charts in Preschool Children.
Full text linkThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of crowding effect and contour interaction on the visual acuity of preschool children aged between 3 to 5 years old using three different versions of Lea Symbols Chart. Visual acuity was measured with Single Lea Symbol, Crowded Lea Symbol and Lea Symbols Distance Screener were performed on children aged 3 to 5 years old. VA was measured randomly with the three charts and repeat VA was done on another day. The study proved that visual acuity using the Crowded Lea symbol chart and Distance Vision Screener to be statistically different when compared with the Single Lea Symbols. This is due to the presence of crowding effect and contour interaction. No significant difference in VA was noted between Crowded Lea Symbols and Lea Symbols Distance Screener due to same spacing between the optotypes. All the chart had good repeatability with mean difference of visual acuity less than 0.15 logMAR. Visual performance of the children tested by Crowded Lea Symbols and Lea Symbols Distance Screener was poorer compared to Single Lea Symbols. This is due to the presence of contours surrounding the optotypes, which creates crowding effect. Good repeatability of the visual acuities was shown in the three different types of charts. Our study indicated that Lea Symbol Charts had good reliability and can be used interchangeably for accurate measurement of VA in preschool children. 
Choroidal Thickness as Determined Via In Vivo Imaging Technique in Relation to Degree of Myopia, Axial Length and Vitreous Chamber Depth in Malay Subjects
Full text linkAnatomical changes of the eye associated with myopia have been studied intensively in recent years. The first distinguishing feature of axial myopia is the monotonic increment of axial length together with refraction. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between choroidal thickness (CT) with degree of myopia (SER), axial length (AL) and vitreous chamber depth (VCD) in Malay subjects. Forty-seven (47) Malay subjects (aged 19-20 years) with mean SER of -1.38 ± 0.27 D, mean axial length of 23.58 ± 1.35 mm and mean vitreous chamber depth of 20.30 ± 0.12 mm were included in this clinical cross-sectional study. The macular thickness results from the Topcon swept-source OCT were used to determine the thickness of choroidal areas manually at 9 quadrants, i.e., fovea, inner nasal, inner temporal, inner superior, inner inferior, outer nasal, outer temporal, outer superior and outer inferior to the fovea. The 9 quadrant is located at 1 mm, 3mm and 6 mm in diameter to the central point of the fovea. Positive correlation was found between CT and SER at five locations which are at fovea (rs = 0.31, p < 0.05), outer nasal (rs = 0.60, p < 0.05), inner nasal (rs = 0.40, p < 0.05), outer inferior (rs = 0.45, p < 0.05), and inner inferior (rs = 0.46, p <0.05). Also, negative correlations were found between CT and AL at outer nasal (rs = -0.46, p < 0.05), inner nasal (rs = -0.31, p <0.05) and outer inferior (rs = -0.41, p < 0.05). Furthermore, negative correlations were also found between CT and VCD at outer nasal (rs = -0.51, p < 0.05), inner nasal (rs = -0.32, p <0.05) and outer inferior (rs = -0.38, p < 0.05). This study shows that the degree of myopia and elongation of the globe are associated with thinning of certain choroidal areas. Therefore, the higher the degree of myopia, the choroidal vasculature will be thinner