Health Leadership and Quality of Life (Journal)
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Characterization of metabolic syndrome in medical students at María Auxiliadora University
Full text linkIntroduction: Metabolic syndrome is a set of conditions that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, and is more prevalent in young populations due to factors such as sedentary lifestyles and poor eating habits.
Objective: To describe the characteristics of students with metabolic syndrome.
Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study with a correlational component in medical students at a private university in Paraguay. The sampling was non-probabilistic, included 151 students, and the data collected were processed using Microsoft Excel. The data were obtained through anthropometric and biochemical measurements, and the statistical analyses included correlations and regressions. The ethical aspects of the study were respected, and participants signed an informed consent form.
Results: The results showed a statistically significant correlation between BMI and capillary blood glucose (r=0.280, p<0.001) and a strong relationship between BMI and blood pressure (r=0.466, p<0.001). In addition, weight gain was found to be correlated with abdominal circumference (r=0.921, p<0.001). Regression analysis indicated that abdominal circumference and blood glucose levels are important predictors of BMI.
Conclusion: The study concludes that it is essential to implement preventive and control programs to address the risk factors for metabolic syndrome in this young population in order to improve the cardiovascular and metabolic health of students
Correlations Between Gut Microbiome Changes, Gut Barrier Function, and Immune Homeostasis in COVID-19 Patients: The Role of Gut Microbiota in Immunity and Cancer Prevention
Full text linkSystemic inflammation and immunological dysregulation are linked to COVID-19 infection, and there is mounting evidence that gut barrier failure and gut microbiota dysbiosis are related. Gaining knowledge of these relationships could help explain how diseases develop. By measuring biomarkers and cytokine levels, this research aims to analyze the relationships among gut microbiota alterations, gut barrier function, and immunological homeostasis in COVID-19 patients. Using IBM SPSS (version 26) with Pearson Correlation, Chi-Square testing, independent t-tests, and Multivariate Regression analysis, a comparative study was conducted using gut barrier biomarkers (Zonulin, LPS, I-FABP) and cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α). In COVID-19 individuals, there were notable variations in gut barrier biomarkers and cytokine levels, with robust associations suggesting a connection between immune dysregulation and gut barrier failure. Gut microbiota dysbiosis and gut barrier dysfunction are significantly associated with immune homeostasis disturbance in COVID-19 patients, which may be a contributing factor to the disease\u27s severity and progression
Trend Analysis and Prediction of Outpatient and Inpatient Visits for Diabetes Mellitus at RSI Siti Hajar Sidoarjo: A Linear Trend Approach for 2024-2026
Full text linkIntroduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, and its prevalence is rising, posing significant challenges for healthcare systems. This study aimed to analyze the trend of outpatient and inpatient visits for DM at RSI Siti Hajar Sidoarjo from 2021 to 2023 and predict future trends for 2024-2026.Methods: A descriptive research design was employed, using secondary data from patient visits between 2021 and 2023. Linear regression models were applied to forecast the number of outpatient and inpatient visits for the years 2024-2026 based on historical trends. Data analysis involved identifying trends in patient visits and generating predictions for the coming years.Results: The results indicated a consistent upward trend in outpatient visits, rising from 8,800 in 2021 to 10,818 in 2023, representing a 17.8% increase in the final year. The regression model ????=9601.3+1009X predicted continued growth, with outpatient visits expected to reach 16,637 by 2026, a projected increase of approximately 31.7%. Similarly, inpatient visits showed a significant surge, from 325 in 2021 to 716 in 2023, marking an 84.1% rise. The inpatient regression model ????=476.6+195.5X forecasted an increase to 1,259 visits by 2026. Model validation demonstrated a high degree of accuracy, as the predicted 2023 values for both outpatient and inpatient visits matched the actual data precisely. facilities.Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the future demand for diabetes-related healthcare services at RSI Siti Hajar Sidoarjo. It underscores the importance of expanding both outpatient and inpatient services to accommodate the increasing number of diabetes patients. The study also highlights the need for early diagnosis, integrated care, and health promotion to manage the rising demand effectively. These findings offer a foundation for healthcare administrators to make informed decisions regarding resource allocation and service improvement, ensuring better care for diabetes patients in the coming years
Quality of Life as a Subject of Study in the Social Sciences: An Analysis of Recent Literature in Scopus
Full text linkThis bibliometric analysis examines the recent evolution of quality of life studies within the field of social sciences. A corpus of 7,259 scientific articles indexed in Scopus and published between 2020 and 2024 was processed. The results demonstrate a sustained growth in academic output, primarily in the last year of the analyzed period. This pattern confirms the increasing relevance of this research field. The intellectual structure of the field is articulated around health and psychological well-being, sociodemographic research on aging, and public policies and urban environments, frequently within the context of sustainability. The marked influence of empirical methodologies is noteworthy, with a predominance of controlled cross-sectional designs. Concurrently, there is a significant dedication to the psychometric validation of measurement instruments.
Knowledge, attitudes and behaviors regarding nutrition among students of the School of Public Health - Tekove Katu in Bolivia
Full text linkIntroduction: Food is an essential component in the socio-cultural and economic context of communities. In Bolivia, malnutrition and food security problems are prevalent, especially in indigenous communities. The "Tekove Katu" Health School is an ideal setting for the implementation of nutritional education programs, given its intercultural approach and the potential impact on the food practices of students and their communities.Methods: Study design: Descriptive, cross-sectional observational study in students from indigenous communities during the month of February - December 2023. Universe and sample: 100% of students enrolled in 2023 were included. Exclusion criteria: Not wanting to participate in the research Not attending during the days in which the questionnaire was applied. Procedure: The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire.Results and discussion: The results indicated that 82.55% of the participants expressed an appropriate conceptualization of healthy eating; However, a significant dissonance was evident between theoretical understanding and eating behaviors. Consumption patterns characterized by a dichotomy between the recognition of nutritional principles (91.86% expressed interest in healthy eating) and suboptimal eating practices (95.38% consumption of sweets, 83.07% consumption of hamburgers).Conclusions: At the "TEKOVE KATU" Health School, there is a predominance of the female gender and a higher concentration of students in the age range of 17 to 19 years. The parents of the students have a low educational level, and most of the students live with more than four people. A positive attitude towards the interest in eating healthily is highlighted, although a preference for foods rich in fats, refined sugars and sodium is also observed, despite recognizing that these are unhealthy. A large majority of students receive limited and unreliable information on food and nutrition, which highlights the need for a more solid nutritional education. It is clear that, in the absence of nutritional education and healthy eating programs, students do not have a solid foundation to consolidate healthy eating habits, which constitutes a public health problem with implications for morbidity and mortality, quality of life, health expenditure and an increase in chronic non-communicable disease
Characterization of patients with HIV/AIDS by nursing staff according to the Virginia Henderson model
Full text linkIntroduction: the human immunodeficiency virus is one of the main causes of death each year in Latin America and the world. The number of accumulated cases and new cases each year places it among the main current health problems. Nursing staff plays a fundamental role in the care and monitoring of these patients. The objective was to characterize the health status of HIV/AIDS patients.Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 7 patients admitted to the OrphAids Foundation, Santo Domingo, Ecuador. A survey was applied, structured in two parts, the first one for sociodemographic data and the second structured by 102 questions with polytomous responses based on Virginia Henderson\u27s 14 needs.Results: patients were predominantly male, non-working and single. 85,7 % were sexually inactive, 71,4 % had been diagnosed in the last five years, 57,1 % reported problems concentrating, only 14,3 % reported respiratory symptoms, 28,6 % had abdominal pain and weight fluctuations, and only one patient reported constipation, sleep problems, anxiety and communication problems.Conclusions: the patients admitted to the foundation have an adequate state of health according to the clinical and psychological characteristics investigated. The eight needs identified as affected, presented a slight degree of alteration
What happens after the funeral: Ergonomic evaluation of the gravedigger\u27s workstation, looking for paths towards a preventive culture
Full text linkThe objective of the research was to evaluate the dysergonomic conditions and factors of musculoskeletal conditions in gravediggers of a private cemetery. Materials and methods: The study was framed in the quantitative, field, non-experimental paradigm of a descriptive level with an ergonomic approach. The population and sample was census type and consisted of eighteen (18) workers, who work as gravediggers/gardeners. Observation and interview were used as data collection techniques and the pain body schema and the REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) method were used as information collection instruments. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using descriptive and correlational statistics. Results: This was a population composed exclusively of men with an average age of 49.4 years. The study revealed that the pain areas, the shoulders were the most affected, followed by the knees, lower back and elbows. The results of the REBA evaluation reflect a work environment with high biomechanical demands, where all the activities evaluated presented "high" or "very high" risk levels. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study reflect a worrying panorama in terms of occupational health for gravediggers, evidencing high levels of biomechanical risk in all the activities evaluated. The activities carried out, characterized by significant daily variability, involve extreme postures and repetitive movements that mainly affect the trunk, shoulders and. the neck, areas that present the highest risk scores according to the REBA metho
Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Failure in Hospitalized Patients: Bridging the Gap between Microbiological Data and Clinical Indicators and possible relevance to therapeutic targets
Full text linkThe peripheral intravenous catheter (PIC) is most commonly used invasive technology among inpatients, frequently associated with hospital procedures worldwide. However, PIC insertion presents multiple challenges, particularly the risk for catheter-related infections (CRI), which remain a preventable concern. Additionally, catheter failure imposes financial burdens on healthcare system. The goal is to establish a baseline for peripheral intravenous catheter failure (PICF) rates and incidences as part of a larger quality improvement. A total of 450 hospitalized patients diagnosed with PICF were included in the research, with 1263 catheters examined. PICs were placed in patients across hospital wards, ICUs, emergency departments and operating rooms. Among 700 cultured catheter tips, 302 were identified as PICF. The Hospital Length of Stay (HLOS) rate density-adjusted incidence for PICF revealed 35 out of 700 tips with positive isolates. No patients were diagnosed with CRI type three, where microbial development was concordant in tip and blood cultures. However, 12 out of 35 patients had CRI-compatible local signs and symptoms had positive cultures, while 11 exhibited symptoms within 48 hours after the removal of the catheter. The research shows that PICs caused unintended removal, which increases their significance for patient safety, illness and death. Numerous positive tip cultures were detected in the absence of any clinical indications. To emphasize that avoid CRI, it is crucial to eliminate needless PICs
Gut Microbiome and Adult Obesity: Exploring the Weight Loss Potential of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics as Strategies with Potential Implications for Cancer Prevention
Full text linkProbiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are examples of Gut Microbiome (GM)therapies that have been investigated as possible weight-management techniques in light of the growing worldwide health concern around obesity. Through a meta-analysis of remaining research, this research aims to assess the possessions of various therapies on metabolic parameters, weight reduction, with the makeup of the GM. Weight loss, variations in the microbiome, and possible negative consequences were evaluated by analyzing data from several research. The findings revealed a moderate but irregular decrease in weight, with decreases noted in (-1.8 kg) and (-2.3%). Although there have been reports of notable increases in helpful bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, it is unclear whether these bacteria directly contribute to long-term weight loss. The requirement for more thorough clinical trials was highlighted by the detection of possible publication bias, even though most therapies were well-tolerated. Overall, the results point to the possibility that GM modification could promote metabolic health
Psychological Mechanisms of Addictive Behaviour Development in the Modern Conditions of Ukraine
Full text linkIntroduction: The Russian aggression against Ukraine highlights the urgent need to address psychological health issues, particularly in combating addictive behaviours. This study aims to explore the psychological mechanisms underpinning the development of addiction in Ukraine’s current context.Methods: The research employed surveys (40 patients and 20 experts), content analysis of scholarly literature, response analysis, and comparative methods.Results: Findings reveal that childhood trauma, especially familial stress, plays a pivotal role in fostering addictive behaviours. Additional contributing factors include parental divorce, adverse living conditions, and personal setbacks during childhood and adolescence. Alcoholism emerges as the most prevalent form of addiction, while drug addiction, gambling, and Internet dependency also represent significant issues. The proliferation of gambling addiction is attributed to martial law and the increased availability of online gaming platforms. Similarly, Internet addiction correlates with widespread digitalisation and globalisation. Effective strategies for overcoming addiction involve professional psychological support strengthened by social assistance, family counselling, educational initiatives, and guidance from spiritual or religious organisations. However, a critical shortage of high-quality psychological rehabilitation and treatment services persists in Ukraine. Proposed solutions include establishing a national assistance programme, reforming psychologist training, and leveraging international support systems.Conclusions: The study underscores the necessity of a multifaceted psychological approach to address addictive behaviours effectively. Comprehensive measures combining professional, social, educational, and spiritual resources are vital for mitigating the impact of addiction in Ukraine’s challenging circumstances