Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología (Journal)
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Self-efficacy and academic procrastination in a sample of university students: A correlational study
Get PDFIntroduction: in the university context, self-efficacy extends beyond mere confidence in a student\u27s academic abilities; it is considered a fundamental pillar that impacts their academic performance, intrinsic motivation, ability to face challenges, and psychological well-being. However, its absence could trigger a series of negative effects on the student and their educational experience.Objective: to determine if self-efficacy is significantly related to academic procrastination in a sample of students from a public university in Peru.Methods: quantitative research, non-experimental design, and cross-sectional correlational type. The sample consisted of 185 students, estimated through probabilistic sampling. The instruments used for data collection were the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Academic Procrastination Scale, both with adequate psychometric properties.Results: the students were characterized by moderate levels of self-efficacy and low levels of academic procrastination. Additionally, it was determined that the Spearman\u27s rho correlation coefficient for the variables of self-efficacy and academic procrastination was -0,687 (p <0,05). This means that as the belief in one\u27s own ability to succeed academically increases, the tendency to postpone academic tasks decreases.Conclusions: self-efficacy is significantly related to academic procrastination in a sample of students from a public university in Peru. This finding underscores the importance of implementing interventions to strengthen students\u27 self-efficacy while strategically addressing academic procrastinatio
Benefits of amitriptyline in relation to interstitial cystitis
Get PDFIntroduction: interstitial cystitis is a clinical syndrome characterized by increased urinary frequency and pelvic pain, primarily affecting women. Two phenotypes of this disease have been identified, each with a different mechanism. Proper diagnosis is essential, as it can be confused with a urinary tract infection. Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, has shown benefits in the treatment of interstitial cystitis by acting on symptoms and improving patients\u27 quality of life. Its mechanism of action includes blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters associated with pain.Objectives: the main objective of this study is to review the main benefits of amitriptyline in relation to interstitial cystitis, analyzing its efficacy and safety.Methods: a literature review was conducted using the Prisma method. Clinical trials and systematic reviews addressing the benefits of amitriptyline in patients with interstitial cystitis were included.Results: after selecting 15 relevant articles, it was found that amitriptyline can reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients with interstitial cystitis. Additionally, a significant improvement was observed in patients treated with amitriptyline compared to other treatments. Amitriptyline demonstrated an anti-inflammatory, nervous system modulating, and urodynamic effect in patients with interstitial cystitis.Conclusions: amitriptyline may be an effective and safe option in the treatment of interstitial cystitis, improving symptoms and quality of life for patients. It is suggested that this drug may act as a neuromodulator, anti-inflammatory, and urodynamic agent in patients with interstitial cystiti
Diode laser to enhance irrigation of the root canal system: systematic literature review
Get PDFThe use of lasers in endodontics has revolutionized the dental field by offering a precise and less invasive option to treat pulp and periapical problems. This is why the importance of the diode laser in endodontics is recognized in order to potentiate the irrigation of the root canal system. The aim of this study was to interpret, by means of a systematic literature review, the use of the diode laser to enhance root canal irrigation in endodontics. Through a systematic review, 18 original articles related to the aforementioned topic were analyzed, which were obtained from the electronic search of the following databases: Springer, BioMed Central, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, PubMed, Wiley Online Library. In addition. It was obtained as results that it is possible to reach areas such as lateral or accessory canals that may be inaccessible for traditional irrigation techniques, eliminating dentin debris, smear layer and other residues; however, despite its advantages it should be considered that the application of the diode laser should not replace conventional treatment, but should be considered as a possible complementary treatment. It is concluded that the application of the diode laser in endodontic therapy improves the efficiency of root canal system disinfectio
Application of bioethical principles in nursing students
Get PDFIntroduction: there are very few studies related to bioethical principles, despite the fact that these are fundamental in the execution of clinical practice. Methodology: applied research of quantitative type, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design and descriptive approach, the sample size is 80 people determined by a simple random sampling, among seventh semester students at the Technical University of Ambato. Results: the results were that 80 % of students performed the activities corresponding to the principle of autonomy, 80 % of participants applied the principle of non-maleficence, 85,4 % of people developed the activities for the principle of justice, and 83 % of participants applied the necessary activities on the principle of beneficence. Discussion: bioethics is known to have 4 principles that have an important role in nursing practice, these are non-maleficence, beneficence, autonomy, justice the principles should be used not only by nurses if not by all health personnel, to provide adequate care. Conclusions: Within this study it was determined that students apply bioethical principles in their externship practices through the activities determined by the questionnair
Nursing care in patients with terminal cancer in the palliative care unit during the pandemic, nursing perspectives
Get PDFIntroduction: during the pandemic, nursing staff in the palliative care unit had to quickly adapt to an unknown situation, marked by uncertainty and constant changes in their action protocols.Objective: determine the perception of nursing care in patients with terminal-stage cancer in times of pandemic in the palliative care unit in a hospital in the city of Guayaquil.Method: qualitative, exploratory and phenomenological approach, guiding an interview with 15 nurses of the palliative care service.Results: the absence of an institutional model of palliative care in the hospital stands out, although the Ministry of Public Health (MSP) guidelines themselves are used and are not socialized. Despite the dedication of the health team, there are shortcomings in resources, a lack of specialized training and the need to select personnel with a vocation for palliative care. The needs of the patients include the eradication of symptoms and the relief of physical discomfort, while the needs of the nurse refer to the change in the service due to the emotional impact produced by the suffering of the patients. During the course of Covid-19, the isolation of the patient was generated, promoting their loneliness and anguish, in addition, the lack of resources, medical assistance and the support of their families predominated.Conclusions: comprehensive care, covering medical, psychological, social, economic and spiritual aspects, emerges as a crucial factor to alleviate physical discomfort, provide emotional support and preserve the dignity of patients during this stag
Muscleness and fatness phenotypes for diabetes and hypertension prediction from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-17
Get PDFIntroduction: diabetes and arterial hypertension are increasing in adults, where calf circumference and waist circumference are two clinical epidemiological markers poorly studied for predicting cardiometabolic risk. Objective: to characterize four phenotypical models in the Chilean adult population based on muscleness and fatness using both calf circumference and waist circumference outcomes. Methodology: An epidemiological observational cross-sectional representative study based on the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-17, where four phenotypes groups were analyzed; Low skeletal muscle mass and high-waist circumference (Lsmm-Hwc, n=140), low skeletal muscle mass and low waist circumference (Lsmm-Lwc, n=242), high skeletal muscle mass and high waist circumference (Hsmm-Hwc, n=1076), and high skeletal muscle mass and low waist circumference (Hsmm-Lwc, n=1358). These groups described information about diabetes, hypertension prevalence, including other risk factors. Results: the reference group Hsmm-Lwc group showed lower fasting plasma glucose (FPG) vs. Hsmm-Hwc (90,4 [95%CI] [89,0; 91,8] vs. 111,7 [109,1; 114,3]), and vs. Lsmm-Hwc (90,4 [89,0; 91,8] vs. 118.,3 [107,2; 129,4] mg/dL, both P<0,0001). Lower levels (i.e., appropriate) of FPG (R2 4,8 %), glycated hemoglobin (R2 2,6 %), systolic BP (R2 19,0 %), and diastolic BP (R2 2,5 %) were significantly associated (all, P<0,0001) with the Reference group Hsmm-Lwc. Conclusion: A high muscleness and low fatness phenotype is present in those who are younger adults, is associated with better glucose/blood pressure control, and reports low cardiovascular risk factors for diabetes and hypertension in Chilean adult
Empathy in Professor of a Educational Institution in Metropolitan Lima
Get PDFIntroduction: empathy is one of the qualities that health professionals must possess, which allows them to improve their relationship with the patient and in turn the care to be performed. Objective: to determine empathy in Professor of an Educational Institution in Metropolitan Lima.Methods: It is a quantitative, descriptive-cross-sectional study with a population of 102 Professor who developed a questionnaire of sociodemographic aspects and the Jefferson Medical Empathy Scale.Results: In their results, we observed that 26,5 % (n=27) have a low level of empathy, 25,5 % (n=26) moderate low level, 24,5 % (n=25) moderate high level and 23,5 % (n=24) high level of empathy.Conclusions: In conclusion, training in nurses should be improved, since it will allow quality and humanized care in the patien
Negative psychosocial factors and Burnout Syndrome in health personnel in hospitals I-4
Get PDFIntroduction: the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the work activity of healthcare personnel around the world, since it has altered their daily lives and modified their work performance, which has generated an increase in the incidence of the Syndrome of Burnout.Objective: describe the relationship between negative psychosocial factors and Burnout Syndrome of health personnel in type I-4 hospitals of the Ministry of Health, Lima-2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: this is a study with a quantitative approach, descriptive, observational and cross-sectional design, with a population of 19,325 subjects, including doctors, nurses and technical staff of type I-4 hospitals in Lima, Peru. The statistical sample was 377 participants; The established variables were: psychosocial factors at work and Burnout Syndrome.Results: a variability was observed in the incidence of Burnout Syndrome, where 48,3 % of individuals presented a low level; 49,4 %, a medium level and only 2,2 %, a high level. The correspondence between negative psychosocial factors and Burnout Syndrome indicates that the crossover between medium-level negative psychosocial factors and medium-level Burnout Syndrome is the most frequent, with a value of 48,3 %.Conclusions: finally, it is concluded that the negative psychosocial factors associated with Burnout Syndrome are mainly characterized by the conditions of the workplace, the work role, career development, as well as the workloa
Importance in the determination of serum uric acid, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in pregnant women
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The fundamental importance of the analytes lies in their role as primary biomarkers to identify possible conditions that may arise during the gestation process. Objective: To analytes the importance of determining uric acid, cholesterol and triglycerides in pregnant women. Methodology: The article was a literature review that focused on the synthesis and analysis of scientific articles related to the topic in question. The PRISMA method was used to search for information, which consisted of an exhaustive and systematic search for relevant data using appropriate search terms and strategies. Results: Thirteen articles were screened and selected for analysis, of which six were excluded because they focused on pregnant women, but with different analytes. From the standards, 7 articles were identified that met the methodology and were included in the article development analysis. Conclusions: The research evidenced that the evaluation of uric acid, cholesterol and triglyceride levels are a first source in preclinical diagnosis, however, among the most common pathologies such as preeclampsia there are approximately 66 predictive parameters being this an important part of prenatal care to promote a healthy pregnanc
Characterization of breast cancer detection programs in the Americas region with a focus on Ecuador
Get PDFIntroduction: breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality in women in the Americas Region, with 491 000 annual cases and approximately 106 391 deaths. In Ecuador, in 2020, there were 38,2 cases per 100 000 inhabitants, with a mortality rate of 10,9 per 100 000 individuals, emphasizing the importance of early detection and access to effective treatments to reduce the morbimortality associated with this pathology.Methodology: astematic review of 58 922 scientific articles was conducted, from which, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 36 publications were selected from databases such as PubMed, BVS, SCOPE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and health websites of the six representative countries under study: the United States, Canada, Mexico, Uruguay, Brazil, and Ecuador. The collected data measured the impact and characteristics of breast cancer detection programs in relation to the reduction of mortality.Results: fifty percent of selected countries have active breast cancer detection programs, 33 % (equivalent to 2 nations) had protocols and clinical guidelines for prevention, and only one South American country was in the initial stage of implementing a sustainable pilot plan.Conclusion: in the Americas Region, it is crucial for governments to implement organized and accessible programs, ensuring universal access to the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Ecuador must join this initiative, promoting prevention and public health through pragmatic policies to reduce mortality from breast cance