Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología (Journal)
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Improving the organization of specialized and high-tech medical care for patients with acute cerebral circulatory disorders on the example of the Almaty region
Get PDFIntroduction: acute disorders of cerebral circulation are currently one of the main socio-medical problems of clinical neurology.Objective: to conduct a comprehensive review of relevant literature sources regarding the state of the organisation of medical care for patients with acute cerebral circulatory disorders in the Almaty region, the role of stroke centres in providing high-tech medical services, the results of the application of telemedicine achievements in this area and the search for ways to improve established practices.Method: analysis, systematisation, induction, bibliographic, generalisation, method of analogy, and synthesis.Results: examines the features of the organisation of assistance to people with acute cerebral circulatory disorders in the Almaty region and analyses the model of a stratified three-level system of stroke centres in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The prospects of applying modern achievements of telemedicine in the field of emergency neurology and neurosurgery are analysed. The main global trends in the organisation of assistance to people with acute cerebral circulatory disorders are highlighted, and the prospects for further integration of a number of information technologies and mobile stroke centres in Kazakhstan in general and the Almaty region in particular are highlighted.Conclusions: the result of the study is a comprehensive analysis of modern scientific literature on the topic of optimising the provision of specialised and high-tech care to patients with acute cerebral circulatory disorders in the example of the Almaty regio
Bioethics in integral training of professionals in the health area
Get PDFIntroduction: The integration of Bioethics in the training of professionals is introduced as a prevailing need today; Bioethics training in Latin America is in an initial stage and is not regular, therefore, the reasons why bioethics should be an integral part of the education of future professionals are explored, highlighting the benefits for both individuals and society in general. Objective: Place Bioethics in the integral training of professionals in the health area.Method: Research was carried out with a qualitative and descriptive approach, the analysis method of bibliographic and regulatory review was applied; the sources of information were: books, databases, meta search engines, repositories of doctoral theses and official government pages that compile documents and regulations. Results: A structure is presented to integrate Bioethics with the substantive functions of Higher Education Institutions; and at the same time, the fundamental contents of the Bioethics competence are proposed so that they are part of the professional training of undergraduate students of health majors in a transversal way throughout their student path, without leaving aside the importance of learning through the hidden curriculum. Conclusions: Institutions must integrate a Bioethics structure with consultative, preventive and decision-making functions that allow them to face problems or risks that are created in institutional dynamics
Analysis of the contributions of Galenic medicine to pharmacology
Get PDFIntroduction: Pharmacology is commonly perceived as a field of study of modern medicine, however there were historical figures who, since ancient times, established the bases and properties of numerous drugs. Galen developed the foundations of pharmacology through observation and experimentation. . with various natural substances, including plants.Objective: Analyze the contributions of galenic medicine to the development of pharmacology and phytopharmacology.Methods: A literature review was carried out using academic databases such as PubMed, Scopus y Google Scholar, focusing on studies on Galen\u27s contributions to the topic studied. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select bibliographic sources, and a qualitative analysis of the extracted data was performed to synthesize the findings into relevant thematic categories.Results: Although Galen\u27s research methods were not always ethical, nor were his conceptions of the human being completely accurate, his contribution to pharmacology is undeniable and fundamental. He transformed the pharmacology of his time, based on humoral theory, towards a rational and systematic classification of drugs, introducing concepts such as dosage and active ingredients. In addition, he established bases for phytopharmacology and conceptualized the minimum theoretical principles of toxicology.Conclusions: Galen made a series of reflections and associations of ideas that allowed him to accumulate extensive experience based on a scientific method that he himself promoted. This approach remains relevant today, evidencing the durability of his contributions to medical science
Effectiveness of supplemented micronutrients on inflammatory markers in patients infected with covid-19. A systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Covid-19 is a recently discovered disease, originating in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, this virus being responsible for the current pandemic. Due to the spread of the virus, it is of interest to evaluate the available evidence on the role of micronutrient supplementation.Objective: characterize the effectiveness of supplemented micronutrients on inflammatory markers in Covid-19 patients.Methods: a systematic review of 3 053 studies was carried out through a search in electronic databases. Studies without variable results, without a comparison group and incomplete information were excluded.Results: three of which proposed supplementation with vitamin C and D in critically ill patients with Covid-19 were found. Two clinical trials evaluate vitamin D supplementation, showing a decrease in the response variables (interleukin 6, ferritin and CRP), while the third evaluated vitamin C in relation to the admission of patients to the ICU.Conclusions: with little evidence found, it is not possible to affirm the idea that the micronutrients studied help reduce the concentration of inflammatory marker
Update on diagnostic techniques for Amebiasis
Get PDFAmebiasis is an intestinal infection prevalent throughout the world, with the population of underdeveloped and tropical countries being the most affected. The disease is caused by the genus Entamoeba, Entamoeba histolytica is considered the only pathogenic species for humans, affecting the intestine, lung, brain and liver with the formation of abscesses. The data on the prevalence and incidence of amebiasis are considered to be overestimated, because traditionally the epidemiology of the disease has been studied by direct observation by microscopy, a technique that does not facilitate the differentiation of E. histolytica from other morphologically similar and non-pathogenic amoebas. To identify the real rate of amebiasis infection, techniques and methods have been implemented that moderately increase the diagnostic specificity of amebiasis, such as concentration techniques (Faust and Ritchie), stains, cultures and blood tests; these methods have not been able to resolve this problem public health problem. With the arrival of technology, laboratories have managed to implement techniques that identify microorganisms at a molecular level using techniques such as: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), whose specificity rate is close to 100%, which they are considered novel techniques whose objective is to update the diagnostic process of amebiasi
Necrotizing Enterocolitis in a 10-day-old premature male neonate with surgical resolution. Case Report
Get PDFIntroduction: necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious intestinal disease characterized by intestinal inflammation and necrosis. This disease is one of the most common diseases of the digestive system in newborns and mainly affects premature babies who survive the early neonatal period. NEC was first described in the 1940s and 1950s; Since then, many physicians and scientists have devoted extensive research efforts to understanding the pathogenesis of NEC, developing treatments and interventions to prevent the disease, and improving treatment strategies.Clinical case: premature male patient, 10 days old, born by emergency cesarean section at 28 weeks of gestation, newborn weight and height not in accordance with his gestational age, antibiotic therapy is rotated during hospitalization in a neonatology specialty, he reports respiratory difficulty, neonatal anemia, blood transfusion is decided plus CPAP via nasal cannula, an abdominal X-ray was performed which reported intestinal perforation.Evolution: premature infant of 28 weeks of gestation, with respiratory distress and weight not in accordance with his age, is admitted to neonatology where laboratory tests are performed that indicate anemia plus low oxygen levels, complemented with transfusion plus CPAP, patient responds favorably. Abdominal X-ray was performed showing intestinal perforation; he was referred to pediatric surgery which showed necrotizing enterocolitis.Conclusions: NEC is a rare entity in premature patients, the importance of the clinical picture for the imaging examination complements the effective diagnosis to reduce its possible complications and avoid mortalit
Peritoneal Dialysis in Newborns with Cardiac Surgery AKI
Get PDFThis retrospective study evaluates the efficacy of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in mitigating acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with cardiac surgery in newborns. We analyzed data from 120 neonates up to 28 days old who developed AKI post-cardiac surgery and required PD. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26. Results indicated that PD patients were predominantly male (p = 0,007) with an average age of 12,87 days versus 9,32 days (p = 0,015), and an average weight of 3,06 kg compared to 2,76 kg (p = 0,040). Multivariate regression highlighted age (OR = 1,083, p = 0,032), cardiopulmonary bypass duration (OR = 1,081, p = 0,030), and RACHS-1 scores (OR = 4,785, p = 0,037) as significant predictors of PD initiation. Among PD patients, non-survivors had an average age of 10,31 days versus 18,00 days for survivors (p = 0,045), and an average weight of 2,94 kg versus 3,54 kg (p = 0,040). Non-survivors also had shorter cardiopulmonary bypass times (33,63 minutes versus 50,60 minutes, p = 0,036) and aortic cross-clamp times (22,77 minutes versus 26,50 minutes, p = 0,015). Multivariate analysis also showed that younger age (OR = 0,927, p = 0,009), lower weight (OR = 0,597, p = 0,006), higher RACHS-1 scores (OR = 0,432, p = 0,002), longer bypass (OR = 0,969, p = 0,001), and longer cross-clamp times (OR = 0,871, p = 0,007) predicted decreased survival. PD benefits include reduced AKI severity and enhanced survival, particularly in complex cases, despite an increased sepsis ris
Evaluation of the use of virtual simulators for training in problem-solving skills in university students
Get PDFThe objective of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual simulators in training problem-solving skills in university students, a crucial aspect for their professional performance. To carry out this evaluation, a documentary review of various surveys and case studies was carried out. Academic articles, technical reports, and student and faculty survey data were analyzed to obtain a comprehensive view of the use of virtual simulators in higher education.Research results indicate that virtual simulators not only improve students\u27 theoretical understanding, but also allow them to apply their knowledge in controlled and safe environments, replicating real-world situations. These simulators provide an environment where students can make mistakes and learn from them without real consequences, strengthening their ability to address complex problems and make informed decisions. The case studies reviewed show specific benefits in various academic disciplines, highlighting a positive impact on academic performance and career preparation. However, challenges and limitations were identified, such as the cost of implementing the simulators and the need for adequate training for instructors. Evaluating the use of virtual simulators for training problem-solving skills in university students is a crucial area of study in contemporary education. The research reviewed highlights the growing importance of these educational technologies in promoting more interactive and practical learning, facilitating the development of skills essential for succes
A Comparison of two different training methods for junior goalkeepers attending football schools
Get PDFIntroduction: football is a popular sport in Latin-America and the rest of the world, the instruction of young football goalkeepers is key. Thus, the objective of this research is to compare two training methods for young goalkeeper trainees. Method: this study included 30 goalkeeper trainees, from 7 to 17 years old who were part of a football school in Santiago, Chile. The mobile app “My Jump” was used to calculate the ball’s flight time and hight in three vertical jump trials. Results: the results obtained in jump height present significant mean difference in the plyometric group of -4,005 (p= <0,0001. The control group did not show any significant change with a median of -0,6020 (p= 0,9865), in the plyometric group strength showed important changes with a mean difference of -4,064 (p= <0,0001). The results obtained for flight time present an important median in the plyometric group -35,92 (p= <0,0001). The control group remained unaltered with a mean difference of -5,875 (p= 0,8352), and in the plyometric group strength showed meaningful changes with a mean difference of -34,46 (p= <0,0001). However, no significant differences were observed between groups. Conclusion: the Authors recommend plyometrics training for goalkeeper trainees as it can improve jumping abilities, a vital condition for the spor
Research on the establishment of the Macao sports study tour base using SWOT analysis
Get PDFHong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region, and Guangdong Province will all jointly host the 15th National Games of the People\u27s Republic of China in 2025. For Macao, it will present a chance to expand the cultural and sports sectors while also enhancing the one industry environment dominated by the gambling industry. Macau has the chance to build a study tour center and a sports learning brand by taking advantage of the National Games craze. This study, using Macao as an example, examined the viability of developing sports study tours there and employed the SWOT analysis method to identify the strengths (S), weaknesses (W), opportunities (O), and threats (T) associated with doing so. According to the survey, when it comes to creating sports study tours, Macao has advantages in terms of facilities, location, culture, brand, and institutions. Traveling without learning is one drawback; study tour evaluation needs to be improved; teaching study tours is not a vocation; and the Macau Sports Study Tour is constrained by tourism goods, visitor abilities, and the surrounding environment. In addition to developing sports study tours, Macao has the chance to grow coastal tourism, which will support the industry\u27s diverse development. Additionally, sports study tours will support government department mergers and reorganizations to redefine their functional orientation as well as industry integration. Sports study tour is threatened by the lack of a framework for policy support, supervision, and evaluatio