Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología (Journal)
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Stress, overload and spiritual related to the quality of life of caregivers of older adults
Get PDFIntroduction: the identification of risk and protective factors for quality of life allows the development of interventions to improve the quality of life of caregivers of older adults. Objective: determine the relationship between stress, overload and spirituality with the quality of life of caregivers of older adults. Methods: cross-sectional and analytical study in 97 caregivers of older adults. The Perceived Stress Scale, Zarit test, Spirituality Questionnaire and Whoqol Breff questionnaire were applied. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were applied. Results: no statistical significance was observed of overload, stress and spirituality on global quality of life (F [3, 93] = 2,19, p = 0,094). Overload is a risk factor for physical quality of life (p=0,002), stress is a risk factor (p<0,001) and spirituality is a protective factor (p<0,001) for psychological quality of life, stress is a risk factor for social quality of life (p=0,023) and spirituality is a risk factor for environmental quality of life (p=0,002). Conclusions: the design of interventions to improve the quality of life of caregivers must consider addressing stress and overload since they are factors that affect the dimensions of quality of life. Spirituality is a protective factor for psychological and environmental quality of life, so it is important to encourage its practice in caregiver
The objectively structured clinical examination for safe nursing care: a scoping review
Get PDFIntroduction: The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) has been utilized as an educational strategy in the training of health professionals. Its application in this context can enhance the development of both technical and non-technical skills, as well as safety in care.Objective: To map the patient safety skills developed by nursing professionals through the Objective Structured Clinical Examination as found in the literature.Method: This is a scoping review structured according to the JBI framework and guided by the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. The review is registered in the Open Science Framework with the DOI number 10.17605/OSF.IO/MESC3. A search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the CAPES Catalog of Theses and Dissertations, and Google Scholar, between February and April 2023.Results: Twenty-five studies were selected, demonstrating that the OSCE is used to train nursing teams with a focus on safety skills such as communication, teamwork, decision-making, clinical care, and situational safety awareness.Conclusion: The OSCE has been used as an educational strategy to improve the quality and safety of care. It is applied from primary care to high-complexity settings to evaluate professional skills that are technical, attitudinal, or behavioral in nature. The use of OSCE aids in the development of professional skills related to patient safety
Screening for mental disorders in health workers
Get PDFIntroduction: mental health is presented as an essential element in work capacity and productivity, and, similarly, psychosocial risks at work can generate detrimental effects on mental health. Objective: To determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and panic disorders among healthcare professionals at the Regional Hospital of Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
Methods: quantitative, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study, with stratified probabilistic sampling. Sample of 299 health workers. For data collection, the instrument for detecting anxiety, depression and panic disorders, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4+PHQ-TP), was used; and for the analysis the statistical program SPSS version 27.Results: it is shown that 59,5 % of the participants are women, 76,3 % work in the morning shift, and 51.8% are single. With 66.9% the nursing job category predominates, 76,6 % have an academic level greater than a bachelor\u27s degree. A quarter of them work two jobs and suffer from chronic illnesses. 25,8 % have been diagnosed with depression, anxiety and/or panic, predominating in the morning shift and in the female gender. Most are assigned to emergency services. The risk of panic predominates at 39,5 % and 53,4 % correspond to nursing staff. Cases of anxiety and depression occur in 47,8 % and 55,7 % respectively in resident doctors. Conclusion: the study shows a high prevalence of mental disorders in health workers in Culiacán, Sinaloa, with significant differences depending on the shift and job category. These findings are consistent with international literature, highlighting the urgent need to implement psychological support programs and improve working conditions
Mathematical Model to Evaluate the Effect of Information Quality, and Management Capability on Hospital Performance
Get PDFIntroduction:The objective of this study is to make active interaction among actual and theoretical outcomes of the view of 100 medical staff and medical supervisors of the university hospital and to study and analyze the effect of important parameters (quality information, employee trust, employee engagement, and management capability) on the hospital performance using the proposed mathematical model.
Methods:Primary data were collected from the highest-level medical job position in a hospital (medical doctors, head of the medical department, and medical supervisors). Using convenient sampling, the proposed mathematical model represents the input parameters as information quality, employee trust, employee engagement, and management capability, and output parameters for hospital performance dimensions as output.
Results:The identification system depends on the actual outcomes to evaluate the effects of information quality (IQ), employee trust (ET), employee engagement (EM), and management capability (MC) against hospital performance were 60.032%, 43.428%, 78.186%, and 62.817%, respectively.
Conclusions:The derived mathematical model has a high accuracy to represent all the active parameters of the system and optimize the conditions to produce high outcomes
Non-alcoholic fatty liver and periodontal disease in the adult population: Overview of systematic reviews
Get PDFIntroduction: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the periodontal supporting tissues. In addition to dental loss, it has been associated with various metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to analyze the effects of periodontal disease on the prevention and treatment of NAFLD in the adult population. Method: An electronic search of systematic reviews published between 2019 and 2024 was conducted in the Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, as well as in the Epistemonikos meta-search engine. The search strategy was "Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease AND Periodontitis". A total of 47 articles were identified, of which three systematic reviews with meta-analyses were analyzed. Results: The results indicated a potential association between periodontal disease and NAFLD, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.48 (95% CI: 1.15 to 1.89; I² = 92%) and 1.91 (95% CI: 1.21 to 3.02; I² = 95%). However, this link has not been definitively proven, as heterogeneity decreases and the number of patients increases, resulting in an OR of 1.04 (95% CI: 0.97 to 1.12; I² = 58%). Conclusion: It is suggested that systemic inflammation and pro-inflammatory markers may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of both conditions. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to clarify this relationship and explore the common metabolic parameters
Differences in Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with and without Vascular Complications
Get PDFIntroduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease that causes microvascular and macrovascular complications and increases mortality. Oxidative stress and inflammation play a role in the pathogenesis of (T2DM). Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) levels as oxidative stress and inflammation markers help detect the high risk of developing T2DM complications. Objectives: Analyzing the differences in GGT and hs-CRP levels between T2DM with and without vascular complications predicts the sensitivity and specificity for the detection of T2DM vascular complications. Methods: The cross-sectional study involved 19 patients with vascular complications of T2DM and 19 patients with T2DM without complications. Using patient serum samples, GGT and hs-CRP levels were measured using the TMS24i device. Results: The T2DM vascular complications group increased GGT and hs-CRP values. GGT and hs-CRP levels between T2DM with and without vascular complications were significant. The macrovascular (CHD) group had a higher GGT value than the microvascular group, there was a substantial difference in GGT between the two research subjects. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in hs-CRP. Logistic regression analysis found that the duration of T2DM and GGT influenced the risk of T2DM vascular complications. Analysis (ROC) showed GGT had (AUC=0.691) and hs-CRP (AUC=0.706). Conclusions: GGT plays a role in risk detection (CHD) compared to microvasculature. Significant differences in GGT and hs-CRP between T2DM with and without vascular complications and vascular complications of T2DM increase the values of GGT and hs-CR
Assessment of Postoperative Retinal Complications and the Possibility of Optical Diagnostics Using Support Vector Machine
Get PDFIntroduction: Cataract is a prevalent eye condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide, leading to visual impairment and reduced quality of life. Cataract surgery is the most effective treatment, but post-surgical complications can arise, impacting the success of the intervention. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has emerged as a valuable imaging technique for evaluating these complications, but the manual interpretation of OCT images is time-consuming and subjective.Objective: In this study, we aimed to assess the performance of a machine learning (ML) tool specifically developed for detecting post-surgical complications in cataract patients.Methods: We employed a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to analyze a comprehensive dataset of OCT images. The dataset comprised 700 OCT images obtained post-surgery, including patients with cystoid macular oedema (CMO), retinal detachment (RD), and healthy individuals. The ML tool utilized pre-processed OCT images with annotations provided by expert ophthalmologists, undergoing retinal layer segmentation using intensity-based features.Results: The SVM algorithm demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in detecting and classifying post-surgical complications. It achieved a sensitivity of 92.5% in detecting CMO and 90.9% in identifying RD. The specificity of the algorithm was 90.9% and 96.2% for these complications, respectively. The overall accuracy of the ML tool in correctly identifying and classifying post-surgical complications was 92%.Conclusions: The integration of ML algorithms in OCT imaging shows promise in enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of assessing post-surgical complications in cataract patients. The ML tool developed in this study provides reliable and objective assessments, reducing the subjectivity and variability associated with the manual interpretation of OCT image
Impact of Time Optimization Intervention on Work Execution and Burnout among Nurses Working at Intensive Care Unit
Get PDFIntroduction: time optimization techniques are essential tools that have to make self-governance in order to complete any task on given time universally. The intensive care nurses (ICN) face many challenges at work due to fluid environment. Purpose: Time optimization benefits good work execution by reducing burnout among ICN.Method: multicenter quantitative experimental one group pre-test- Post-test design. Questionnaires were answered by ICNs(self-report) and also bythe shift incharge, and ICU incharge about the ICNs on work execution and Burnout, before and after nurse–guided time optimization video teaching.Results: participants were from two blocks (n =50). Nurse–guided time optimization showed fair work execution and burnout dropped from very high to average burnout. There was a weak positive correlation between work execution and burnout. Good compliance with time optimization sheet was found among ICNs.Conclusions and Contributions to the Field: time optimization and burnout were common problems in ICU. Nurse–guided time optimization intervention was an effective strategy in bridging the gap between the planning and execution of nursing care. However, burnout depends on various factors like long hours, stressful environment and family burden apart from time optimization. Continuous practice of these interventions with time optimization sheet will develop the nurse to become proficient in rendering quality care to critically ill patient
Aesthetic Interventions: A Clinical Study on Satisfaction with Personal Appearance
Get PDFAesthetics and the perception of beauty have significantly impacted cultural and personal norms over time. Technological advances in aesthetic medicine have made altering physical appearance more accessible, popularizing procedures such as botulinum toxin and chemical peeling. The aim of this article was to determine patient satisfaction with their personal appearance after undergoing various aesthetic procedures, as well as specific improvements in different areas of the face and skin. The methodology used was a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 67 patients at the "ESTICCA" Aesthetic Medical Center, analyzing demographic and psychosocial aspects through surveys, with data processed in SPSS software for statistical analysis, including Chi-square tests. The results obtained showed that the majority of the patients in the study experienced an increase in satisfaction with their appearance after aesthetic procedures, with significant improvements in specific areas of the face. In conclusion, it was suggested that aesthetic interventions improve not only physical appearance but also psychological and emotional well-being, highlighting the need for a holistic approach in aesthetic medicin
Importance of ergonomics applied to dentistry in clinical students of the dental career of the University of Chimborazo
Get PDFIntroduction: the implementation of ergonomic principles in the field of dentistry is beneficial for the personnel, assistants and patients, since it helps to facilitate an efficient and well-coordinated way of working, with costs that are adjusted to the objectives and needs of each of the parties involved. Objective: to identify the main ergonomic risk factors of the students of the Dental Care Unit of the UNACH.Method: this is a cross-sectional study, with a descriptive type of research, with a quantitative-qualitative approach and observational modality on the part of the researcher. The population is 120 students of the dental care unit of clinics I and IV of the National University of Chimborazo in the period October - March 2019 to 2020. We proceeded with the application of a survey using as an instrument a questionnaire of questions, this questionnaire was designed with the specific focus of inquiring about the knowledge about ergonomic risks.Results: showed that, in spite of an acceptable knowledge, the working postures registered are mostly incorrect, which is reflected in the reported discomfort, mainly at the back level. As a contribution to the analysis, the ergonomic risk prevention protocol developed as a result of the study focused on body positions, work tools and personal protective equipment. Its implementation is aimed at improving work comfort, reducing stress and reducing injuries derived from incorrect postures during clinical intervention