Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología (Journal)
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Clinical and epidemiological factors associated with post-traumatic stress in medical interns during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Peruvian hospital, 2021
Get PDFIntroduction: post-traumatic stress is a potential psychological and behavioral consequence of exposure to a traumatic event, characterized by the inability to overcome an unpleasant experience. Medical students, especially during their internships, often encounter stressful situations and challenges.Objective: this study aims to investigate the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical interns and identify the clinical and epidemiological factors associated with PTSD.Methods: this cross-sectional observational study utilized the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity Scale and a validated form for clinical and epidemiological factors. The study was conducted with medical students from the Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista and Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 25. Results: this study revealed that 47,1 % of medical interns experienced low levels of post-traumatic stress, 42,5 % experienced moderate levels, and 10,3 % experienced high levels. Clinical and epidemiological factors that showed a statistically significant correlation (p<0,05) with post-traumatic stress included working extra shifts, caring for COVID-19 patients, having infected relatives, and experiencing harassment or verbal aggression from patients, colleagues, or other hospital staff. Conclusion: this study suggests that clinical and epidemiological factors, such as caring for COVID-19 patients, working extra shifts, and experiencing harassment or verbal aggression from patients or colleagues, are associated with post-traumatic stress in medical intern
Prevalence of periodontal disease in nicotine dependent students of UNIANDES
Get PDFThe prevalence rate of periodontal diseases corresponding to nicotine consumption by means of traditional or electric cigarettes is critical and deserves the attention of dental professionals because tobacco consumption contributes to an aggravation of periodontal disease making dental treatments less successful and increasing the risk of complications. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of periodontal disease in relation to the consumption of conventional and electronic cigarettes in students of the Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes UNIANDES, Ibarra campus. A survey was carried out with the objective of analyzing the incidence of cigarette consumption, whether traditional or electronic, in students from third to sixth level of the Dentistry course of the Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes UNIANDES, Ibarra campus. In addition, articles extracted from PubMed were reviewed to contribute to the research on the consequences of the consumption of nicotine products. It was found that there was a higher rate of tobacco consumption in women, who opt for the use of traditional cigarettes, which is worrisome because despite knowing that it affects their oral health and have bleeding when brushing their teeth, they continue to consume nicotine products. It is concluded that the rate of consumption of nicotine products is high and despite the fact that the students already show warning signs such as bleeding when brushing their teeth, they continue with their habitual consumptio
Relationship between risky alcohol consumption and academic performance in students in the health area at a Chilean University
Get PDFIntroduction: the phenomenon of alcohol consumption among university students, particularly in the field of health, is the subject of growing concern due to its potential impact on public health and academic performance.Objective: analyze the relationship between risky alcohol consumption and the academic performance of students studying in the health area at a Chilean university in the second semester of 2023.Methods: the study with a descriptive and transversal quantitative approach, with a sample of 361 students who responded to the AUDIT questionnaire. Academic performance was characterized using the university\u27s grading system.Results: regarding alcohol consumption, 81,7 % (295 participants) showed low-risk consumption, 16,3 % (59 participants) high-risk consumption, and the remaining 1,9 % a possible consumption or dependence problem. Furthermore, a trend is observed in which students with problematic consumption are distributed between the categories of "good" (note 5) and "very good" (note 6), while risk and low-risk consumption are distributed between the categories of "very good", "good" and "sufficient".Conclusions: the findings of this study show that, in general, alcohol consumption does not appear to have a significant negative impact on the academic performance of health students. Although approximately 20 % of those surveyed reported problematic or risky consumptio
Psychological Profiles of Colombian Juvenile Offenders: Variations Based on Offense Types
Get PDFIntroduction: young offenders are not a homogeneous group, and it is necessary to identify their psychological and psychopathological differences according to some classification.Objective: to characterize the psychological profiles of Colombian juvenile delinquents according to the type of offense, exploring possible differences.Method: a descriptive, quantitative, and cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 200 young offenders aged between 14 and 18 years. The Children and Adolescents Evaluation System (SENA) was used, which measures 29 variables related to emotional and behavioral problems (internalized, externalized, contextual, and specific problems), areas of vulnerability, and psychological resources of the adolescent. Participants were grouped according to the type of offense: group 1 (offenses against persons), group 2 (property crimes), and group 3 (drug trafficking and possession offenses).Results: the main finding was detecting clinical and statistical differences when comparing the groups. Comparison analyses showed statistically significant differences in 18 of the 29 variables. In all of these, the group 1 T scores were higher than those of the other groups, and the group 3 scores were lower than those of the other groups.Conclusions: the findings reinforce the thesis that young offenders should not be considered as a single group or as a homogeneous group. This finding is consistent with authors and research that argue for and present evidence in favor of a differential classification of juvenile delinquency and the existence of a special group that has committed serious offense
Educational program on oral health “Healthy smile”: knowledge and role of legal responsibilities and educators
Get PDFIntroduction: to achieve the health of infants and increase their quality of life, the health of legal guardians and educators is of particular importance; their beliefs and behaviors; and the ability, knowledge and will to acquire and provide the infant with healthy ways and styles of life. Objective: determine the effectiveness of the “Healthy Smile” Program in terms of knowledge about oral health of legal representatives and educators, as well as the role of educators of preschool infants. Methods: a quasi-experimental before-after research was carried out where the sample was 86 legal guardians and 9 preschool educators from the “La Demajagua-Atanagildo Cajigal” towns in the period 2021-2023. Results: the pre-university level of instruction predominated (68; 71,579 %) and a regular level of knowledge (73; 76,842 %) before the implementation of the program; the same being modified to good (77; 81,053 %) with a tendency to fair (18; 18,947 %). The educators significantly increased (8; 88,88 %) the reasons for preventing diseases related to the stomatognathic apparatus to maintain good oral hygiene; the results of the student T test showed statistically significant differences in knowledge of caries (X1=3,22; X2=3,80) and about children\u27s oral health (X1=1,55; X2=3,44). Conclusions: the “Healthy Smile” program was effective in positively modifying the level of knowledge about oral health of legal representatives and educators, as well as in the role assumed by them with respect to the health of the infants in their car
Deliberation of public on oral wards sustainable development for the newborn
No full textIntroduction: the application of Oral Health Policies (PSB) has a great influence on the achievement of Sustainable Development (SD) of communities, promoting an improvement in the quality of life.Objective: analyze the proposals for Oral Health Policies in the Sustainable Development of communities.Method: The research methodology was a documentary, descriptive design, extracted from scientific databases such as Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science, Pubmed, Redalyc and Proquest in a total of 53 articles, from the years 2018 to 2024, in languages of English and Spanish.Results: the great importance of applying Oral Health Policies (PSB) is demonstrated through the implementation of new programs, in order to ensure the sustainable development of communities, understanding the great challenge of the work of the dental professional within the fulfillment of the SDGs, highlighting that its work is framed beyond the curative clinical area, since it has an important performance as a scientific discipline in promoting health by positively affecting the social determinants of health-disease processes and therefore in the construction of communities.Conclusions: the efficiency of the Oral Health Policy (PSB) will have a great influence on the sustainable development of communities, first of all, because it is a fundamental right and, in the coming decades, the high rates of oral diseases must decrease since they are Preventable diseases, but if left untreated it can even trigger periodontitis and cardiovascular problem
Molecular approach to skin aging: new perspectives
Get PDFIntroduction: skin aging is a physiological process that causes concern in people by modifying the morphological characteristics of the skin; Beyond aesthetics, the skin is an organ with various functions, such as protection, hormone secretion, temperature regulation; Aging can be of two types: intrinsic, produced by the senescence of cells, extrinsic: produced by the interaction of all the components of the skin and external factors, the best known being ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun.Objectives: a bibliographic review of the histophysiology of the skin and its aging was carried out, to describe updated scientific evidence on the etiopathogenesis and treatment of skin aging.Methods: this bibliographic review was carried out through a literature search through databases such as: Pubmed, NIH/PMC, Springer, Google Scholar; that have been published in the period 2019 to 2023.Conclusions: skin aging is a process that we will all suffer from, however, exposure to external factors such as UV rays accelerate it by increasing the secretory pattern which in turn increases the presence of metalloproteinases. There are no key studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of any treatment that completely stops this proces
Level of Resilience in Adolescent Motherhood attend in a Hospital in Lima
Get PDFIntroduction: resilience in adolescent mothers will play an important role, since it will help the adolescent to improve her coping capacity in situations that make her vulnerable during her pregnancy, so the research objective is to determine the level of resilience in adolescent motherhood attended in a hospital in Lima. Methods: it is a quantitative, descriptive-cross-sectional and non-experimental study; with a total population of 125 adolescent mothers who answered a questionnaire of sociodemographic aspects and the Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale instrument in the 25-item version.Results: in their results, we can observe that 5(n=4,3 %) have a low level of resilience, 29(n=25,2 %) medium resilience level and 81(n=70,4 %) high resilience level.Conclusions: in conclusion, the adolescent\u27s environment should be evaluated, since it will allow us to show if there are protective or risk factors that promote resilienc
Gastric trichobezoar in a 4-year-old female patient with surgical resolution. Case report
Get PDFIntroduction: bezoars are indigestible substances that accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract, most often in the stomach. Gastric Trichobezoar (GT) is the most common bezoar found in the stomach. According to their content, bezoars are divided into plant bezoars, capillary bezoars, lactose bezoars and medicinal bezoars. The most common complications reported over the years include gastric mucosal erosion, gastric or small bowel ulceration and perforation, gastric outlet obstruction, intussusception, obstructive jaundice, protein deficiency enteropathy, pancreatitis, and death. The treatment is surgery.Clinical case: a 4-year-old female patient presents with cough and odynophagia, accompanied by abdominal pain located in the epigastrium, which persists and is exacerbated by movements, does not radiate, is accompanied by an unquantified rise in temperature, imaging studies are performed where it draws attention. Abdominal echo with report of mass at the level of the epigastrium, abdominal x-ray was performed with evidence of levels. They performed a simple abdominal tomography which confirmed the presence of a foreign body in the stomach classified as a bezoar.Evolution: exploratory laparotomy + gastrostomy + trichobezoar extraction + gastric raphia was performed, a procedure without complications. Stable patient, without oxygen support, no signs of respiratory distress, tolerates feeding, better pain control, with good post-surgical evolution.Conclusions: trichobezoars are extremely rare and pose diagnostic and treatment problems. Although laparoscopy currently seems to have promising results in expert hands, laparotomy remains the most successful surgical treatment. Postoperative psychological treatment is essential to correct patients\u27 psychological and behavioral alterations and prevent their recurrenc
Use of the daily FAST HUG mnemonic technique in the care of patients in critical care units, a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: care in intensive care units (ICU) is complex, requiring the collaboration of a multidisciplinary health team. Despite the existence of protocols, gaps in care persist. The FAST HUG mnemonic, a checklist to remember key aspects in the care of critically ill patients, has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing variability and improving compliance with care standards. Methods: a systematic review of the literature was carried out following the PRISMA guideline for answer the question about the benefits of the FAST HUG mnemonic in ICU patients. Databases such as PubMed were searched for articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese published between 2019-2023. The selection was made by reviewing titles, abstracts and complete reading applying the criteria. Results: a total of 16 articles were included in the review. It was found that the FAST HUG mnemonic has had various modifications such as FAST HUGS BID and FAST HUGS COVID to suit specific needs. Its implementation as a routine checklist in intensive care units improves the quality of care for critically ill patients, preventing possible complications. However, adequate training of health personnel is required, given that several studies revealed insufficient knowledge about its correct use in nursing personnel. Conclusions: there is growing support for the potential benefits of the FAST HUG mnemonic in care. of critically ill patients, but with significant variability in its application and knowledge among health professional