Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología (Journal)
Not a member yet
1715 research outputs found
Sort by
Social responsibility and university governance: Case study public universities in the central zone of Ecuador
Get PDFSocial Responsibility (SR), currently plays a leading role in the management and management of organizations, guiding them to be socially responsible. The objective of the study presented is to analyze the factors associated with Social Responsibility and University governance, in public universities in the central zone of Ecuador. The investigative analysis was carried out with a 145 sample of students corresponding to the five public universities in the area, for which qualitative methodology was used, as it allowed explaining the problem from a social and descriptive context, the quantitative methodology on the other hand allowed apply a questionnaire to collect information and thus have a clearer appreciation of the objective reality of university management and its relationship with society; it is also non-experimental cross-sectional in order to achieve the proposed objective. Among the results obtained, common elements were found that are repeated in the 5 universities analyzed, 51.03% know the code of ethics, 31.10% say that there is evaluation and training of administrative personnel, 57.24% state that there are none. spaces for dialogue and participation of university actors, 75.67% say that universities have an organizational structure, in addition, a deficiency was identified in communication systems. The data also indicate that students have a negative perspective in relation to the ability of administrative staff to effectively fulfill their role within the university, which demonstrates that students have a negative view in relation to the management carried out by administrative staff in its role within the institutions, it can then be said that a very notable weakness is evident in university governance. These data are relevant for decision-making and the incorporation of effective strategies for responsible management of the institutions analyze
Critical evaluation of Afaf Meleis´s Transition Theory: strengths, limitations and applications in nursing education
Get PDFIntroduction: Afaf Meleis\u27s Transitions Theory addresses how multidimensional transitions impact individuals\u27 health and well-being, emphasizing the importance of properly managing these transitions. This study aims to critically and reflectively describe this theory by analyzing its strengths, limitations, usefulness, and significance in nursing education. Method: Chinn and Kramer\u27s theory analysis methodology was used. The description was based on publications from 1994 to 2010, and a critical reflection was performed by searching for evidence in PubMed and CINAHL between 2015 and 2021. The MeSH descriptors "Nursing Theory," "Models," and "Nursing" were used, along with the keywords "Transition" and "Transition Theory Meleis," resulting in a total of 16 selected articles. Results: The Transitions Theory has several strengths and limitations. Among its strengths are its high generalizability and accessibility, allowing for application in various clinical and educational contexts. However, the theory has limited semantic clarity and is complex, which may hinder its full understanding and application. Conclusions: The theory is highly valued in nursing education, providing a valuable theoretical framework for understanding and addressing student transitions. Its application allows for incorporating lived contexts into the educational process, creating equitable and student-centered learning environments. More research is needed in Latin America to evaluate its usefulness and adapt it to regional contexts, promoting meaningful learning both in the classroom and in clinical practice
Exploring Job Satisfaction and Caring Behaviors among Critical Care Nurses: A Descriptive Analytic Study
Get PDFIntroduction: Caring behaviors are actions that prioritize the welfare of patients. Job satisfaction is one factor that can influence nurses\u27 caring behaviors, as nurses with higher job satisfaction tend to exhibit more positive caring behaviors.Objective: The study aimed to assess critical care nurses\u27 job satisfaction levels, explore the dimensions of their caring behaviors, investigate the relationship between their caring behaviors and job satisfaction, and identify the significant independent predictors of nurses\u27 job satisfaction and caring behavior in critical care units.Method: The study used a descriptive-analytic, correlational, cross-sectional research design. It was conducted at the critical care units of King Fahd Military Medical Complex in Saudi Arabia. A convenience sample of 112 registered nurses completed an online survey that included the Job Satisfaction Survey and the Caring Behavior Inventory.Results: The majority of respondents fall under the category of Ambivalent job satisfaction, constituting 67.9% of the total nurses. The analysis indicated a moderate job satisfaction level and a high caring behavior among critical care nurses. The study found a positive correlation between nurses\u27 job satisfaction and caring behaviors. Factors such as working hours, work unit, and years of experience were significantly associated with nurses\u27 job satisfaction. However, factors like operational procedures, co-worker relationships, nature of work, and working hours were significant predictors of nurses\u27 caring behavior.Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of addressing job satisfaction factors to enhance critical care nurses\u27 caring behaviors, which can ultimately improve patient outcomes. Strategies to enhance nurses\u27 job satisfaction and support their caring practices should be a priority for healthcare organization
Emerging Strategies for Sustainability in Higher Education
Get PDFSustainable development has gained relevance in higher education due to the growing need to integrate practices that promote environmental, economic and social sustainability. This review article aims to analyze emerging sustainable development strategies in higher education, highlighting pedagogical, operational and managerial approaches that contribute to the formation of conscious and responsible future professionals. Recent studies on the implementation of sustainable policies in universities are reviewed and the main challenges and opportunities in this field are identified
Relationship between Muscle Mass by Bioimpedance and Vascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFIntroduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated glucose levels, which over time can cause severe vascular complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Body composition, particularly lean mass, fat-free mass, and skeletal muscle mass is a key factor in preventing these complications. This study evaluated the relationship between body composition, measured by bioimpedance, and vascular complications in T2DM patients. Methods. A quantitative, correlational, and multivariate study was conducted with 88 T2DM patients aged 18 to 90 years from diabetes clubs in the province of Tungurahua. Bioimpedance (Inbody S10) was used to measure body composition. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and principal component analysis with SPSS.Results. The results showed that lean mass and fat-free mass decreased significantly with age, which correlates with a higher risk of vascular complications. Skeletal muscle mass had a weaker correlation with complications, especially in the case of retinopathy. Microvascular complications, such as neuropathy and nephropathy, were more related to lean mass and fat-free mass. Conclusions. Preserving lean mass and fat-free mass are critical factors for reducing the risk of vascular complications in T2DM patients. Physical exercise and proper nutrition are suggested to maintain a healthy body composition, especially in older adults, as a key strategy to prevent microvascular and macrovascular complications.
Gender identity as a mediator of educational inclusion in Latin American universities
Get PDFIntroduction: gender identity is related to university educational inclusion. The main objectives of this article are: to characterize the studied sample socio-demographically, focusing on the variable gender identity and to establish the relationship between this and the variable educational inclusion.Methods: the study adheres to the positivist research paradigm, the quantitative approach and the type of analytical research. The technique used was the survey and the instrument, a questionnaire in the Likert scale modality, composed of eight items, which was validated through a Cronbach alpha reliability analysis.Results: the instrument was applied to a population of 352 students from seven universities belonging to four Latin American countries. The results indicate the relationship of the variable gender identity with sociodemographic data of the population studied and with aspects of educational inclusion selected for the study.Conclusions: the mediation of university educational inclusion by gender identity presents an unfavorable situation, particularly with regard to inter-student relations, spaces of interculturality, treatment of ethnicity, territory of residence, presence of disability/functional disabilit
Development of basic nursing competence among third- and fourth-year students
Get PDFIntroduction: in an environment where scientific evidence and best clinical practices are constantly developing, it is crucial that nurses are trained and evaluated on their skills and competencies to face the latest advances and findings in the field of health. Objective: to evaluate the development of basic nursing competencies in third- and fourth-year students. Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional observational study was carried out; the universe was 218 third- and fourth-year students of a nursing training program, the sample of 140 students was calculated under a confidence level of 95 % and margin of error of 5 % and was selected in a simple randomized way; the Basic Competence Scale in Fundamental Nursing Practice was used, structured by 25 items classified in 5 domains. SPSS software for Windows, version 26.0, was used for data analysis and descriptive statistics were calculated, including means and standard deviations, frequency and percentage. Results: most of the students were women in the third year of training, whose age ranged from 21 to 24 years. The lowest-performing skills were the ability to understand the reasons for prescribing specific medications for patients, the ability to make prompt corrections to patient care plans based on assessments, and the ability to comprehensively consolidate the information gathered into a written report. The most developed skill was the ability to use communication skills to communicate with caregivers. Conclusions: the domain evaluated as having the lowest performance were skills in basic biomedical sciences, in relation to communication skills where higher performance is evidence
Antimicrobial susceptibility in bacterial isolates from water and agricultural products of the Chanchán river, Chimborazo Province, Ecuador
Get PDFIntroduction: river contamination with pathogenic and multidrug-resistant microorganisms is a public health issue due to its impact on health and its potential to transmit infectious diseases. Objective: To determine the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in irrigation water samples and agricultural products from the Chachán River.
Method: a descriptive, non-experimental study with a quantitative and cross-sectional approach was conducted. Water samples were collected from six different points, and pH and temperature were measured. Additionally, 13 agricultural product samples from the same points were analyzed. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria were performed using the VITEK2 system and amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.
Results: a total of 17 bacterial strains were isolated from the water samples, 16 of which (94 %) belonged to the order Enterobacterales, including Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii, and Citrobacter diversus. From the agricultural products, 24 bacteria were isolated, including species of Klebsiella, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrobial resistance was observed in various strains, notably P. mirabilis, C. diversus, and P. vulgaris with multiple resistances. Resistance was also identified in pathogenic strains such as Yersinia enterocolitica, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and Aeromonas hydrophila.
Conclusions: the Chachan River and the agricultural products irrigated with its waters contain multidrug-resistant bacteria, posing a significant risk to public health. It is crucial to implement control and monitoring measures to reduce the spread of these pathogens and ensure food safet
History of health care development in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Get PDFIntroduction: The urgent need to modernize Kazakhstan\u27s healthcare system arises from deep-rooted economic crises and systemic challenges exacerbated during the transition to capitalism from Soviet-era centralized planning. Objective: The research aims to analyze the stages of development of healthcare in the Republic of Kazakhstan since the country gained its independence. Methods: To solve the set tasks the authors applied such methods of knowledge as historical, comparative, systemic, and method of political-legal analysis. Results: Research results consist in the formulation of the basic stages of development of public health in Kazakhstan, the definition of advantages and disadvantages of functioning of the given branch on each of them, and also in the designation of transformations and innovations in the public health sphere for last years. Conclusions: The materials of this research can be applied in the applied and research spheres. In particular, the research may be of interest to the employees of the state authorities who are dealing with the problems of reforming the health care system in post-Soviet countries. In addition, the materials can be used in the work of scientists whose sphere of interest includes the formation of policy in the field of health care managemen
E-waste: a global threat with an impact on nutrition
Get PDFIntroduction: The generation and increase of electronic waste (e-waste) represents a focus of attention in the biomedical area due to the devastating impact on health. The importance and study ranges from toxicological understanding in adults to teratological effects in neonates. Studies have shown that e-waste affects the uptake of micronutrients, in addition to environmental contamination. Objective: To describe the main nutritional effects of e-waste in vulnerable populations. Methods: A retrospective descriptive model was performed following the PRISMA model, including manuscripts that were published since 2015. Results: Of the total number of articles identified, 21 articles were selected that met the established criteria. E-waste has a great impact on the environment by contaminating soil, food, vegetables, and air. Through these routes, children, pregnant women, and recyclers can acquire different toxic compounds. The main affectations described are alterations in iron metabolism and glycemic index, metabolic alterations, changes in the microbiota, affectation in the synthesis of antibodies and metabolic activity of reparative enzymes. Conclusions: Personnel in nutrition and related areas should understand the mechanism of action of e-waste, nutrient utilization, and the effect of metals and compounds derived from e-waste to avoid nutritional deficiencie