Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología (Journal)
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HIV epidemiological surveillance in Ecuador, a review bibliography
Get PDFIntroduction: the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is characterized by attacking TCD4 cells and macrophages; with the progression of the pathology, secondary infections can develop. Objetive: to describe the theoretical foundations of the HIV epidemiological surveillance system in Ecuador. Methods: research based on bibliographic review in different databases, Epidemiological Gazettes, SIVE-ALERTA Manuals and websites of Scientific Knowledge Organizations, the PICOT question was also implemented and 25 articles based on the PRISMA method were used. Results: the surveillance procedure is based on universal surveillance with different diagnostic methods, notified through EPI INFO-SIGEPI databases registered with the Ministry of Public Health. The total number of infections in Ecuador in 2022 is 48,924, with a higher incidence in the province of Napo with 0,67 and new cases in the province of Guayas with 32,5 %. Conclusion: information from different databases on the incidence, prevalence, morbidity, mortality and opportunistic infections of the HIV virus was synthesize
Design and validation of a questionnaire on the perception of learning differential equations using sofware in university students
Get PDFIntroduction: Differential equations\u27 complexity and abstractness make teaching challenging in university settings. The use of educational software emerges as a valuable pedagogical tool to enhance the learning process.Objective: This research aimed to design and validate a questionnaire to know university students\u27 perception of learning differential equations through software.Method: This mixed-methods research employed descriptive-explanatory methods to investigate the topic. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, key aspects of the study topic were identified, the target population and sample were determined, experts were selected, an initial 27-question questionnaire was developed, content validity and reliability were assessed, and data were analyzed. Content validity was established using the Delphi method with eight mathematics experts and validated further using Aiken\u27s V coefficient. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach\u27s alpha and Omega McDonald\u27s coefficients, employing Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software.Results: The experts assessed the adequacy, relevance, and clarity of the questions, ultimately validating 17 questions with an Aiken\u27s V greater than 0.80 (with a 95% confidence interval). For reliability, an Alpha of 0.799 and an Omega of 0.798 were obtained, confirming that the 17 questions are well-correlated and consistently measure the same construct.Conclusions: A 17-item questionnaire was developed with validated and consistent questions to gather reliable and accurate information on the perception of learning differential equations using educational software
Relationship between academic burnout, self-care, and self-medication among Costa Rican university students in health-related sciences
Get PDFIntroduction: burnout is a problem affecting Health Sciences students, potentially leading to an increased tendency towards self-medication. Therefore, it is crucial to examine the relationship between these two variables and self-care. Objective: to determine the relationship between self-care, burnout, and self-medication in university students majoring in Health related Sciences. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted through convenience sampling via virtual means throughout the entire month of October 2023, creating a database for this purpose. The study population consisted of university students enrolled in health-related sciences in Costa Rica. A sample of 361 participants was obtained from both a public and a private university, with ages ranging from 18 to 46 years (M= 23.61, SD= 5.30). The questionnaire was composed of the Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale (α=.89), the Maslach Academic Burnout Inventory (α between .82 and .88) and a set of sociodemographic questions. Results: self-care showed negative correlations with exhaustion, cynicism, and the frequency of self-medication, while displaying positive associations with academic efficacy and age. Additionally, progressing within the curriculum and living alone or with housemates were linked to higher levels of exhaustion compared to those living with a partner or nuclear family. Conclusions: higher levels of self-care in health-related students were associated with lower levels of academic burnout and a reduced frequency of self-medication. Moreover, students living with close individuals exhibited significantly lower levels of exhaustion
Perceptions of Undergraduate Training Among Male Nursing Students in Chile
Get PDFIntroduction: the perception of nursing as a female profession persisted until the 60’s, when the first men graduated. Literature has supported stereotypes suggesting that nursing is more suitable by women. Men in nursing could face experiences of possible rejection or advantages. Many factors may lead male students to experience differences from their female peers, covers from invisibility to preferential treatment. Objective: to evaluate the perception of undergraduate training among male nursing students in their final year in Chile. Methodology: a qualitative approach with a descriptive design was used. Fifteen male students in their last year of nursing career from five universities from Santiago, Chile, were recruited. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Results: four themes emerged: difficulties or advantages of being male, gender-based characteristics, role expectations, and experiences of change. Conclusion: men in nursing experience positive aspects but face gender stigmas in classrooms and clinical practices, including doubts about their masculinity and preferential treatment. This study highlights the need for a gender-perspective educational approach and promotes policies that eradicate prejudgment, fostering equitable inclusion in the profession
Comparison of the level of direct contact with the natural environment in Chilean university students according to the geographical area where they live
Get PDFIntroduction: Contact with nature is essential for the physical and mental health of people, especially in university students. However, this link has been lost in recent decades due to the growth of cities. The objective of this study was to compare the level of direct contact with the natural environment in Chilean university students according to the geographic area where they live.Methods: Quantitative research was carried out with an analytical descriptive design. 272 students from 6 Chilean universities located in different geographic areas (north, center and south) participated. The scale of contact with nature was applied online. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine significant differences between the response distributions according to geographic area.Results: Students from the central area reported greater contact with nature in their daily lives (45.40% in levels 4-5). On excursions, those from the south led (45.16% in levels 4-5). In physical activity, those from the south also had the highest percentages (58.06% in levels 4-5). Significant differences were found between zones in all dimensions (p<0.05).Conclusions: In general, students have little contact with natural environments, with those from the north reporting the lowest levels. This shows the need to include more green areas in educational institutions, especially in the north and large cities, to promote the link with nature and its benefits for the health and development of student
Shift nurse in implementing shift work schedules and fatigue: A phenomenological study
Get PDF Nurses who work shifts are professionals, but we don\u27t know much about the conditions and feelings of nurses after becoming nurses. The purpose of the research was to explore the experience of being a shift nurse in implementing shift work schedules and fatigue.
Method: The research used a qualitative design with phenomenological approach. The research was conducted in two hospitals used purposive sampling techniques according to predetermined inclusion criteria. The participants were 19 nurses and conducted in-depth interviews . The collected data was subjected to thematic analysis.
Results: There were five themes obtained from this research including 1) Shift nurses experience work fatigue which causes their career development opportunities to be reduced; 2) Accompanying doctor visits, workload, number and condition of patients, extended working time due to handovers are the causes of shift nurse fatigue; 3) Nurses experience the risk of SWD and the risk of making human errors while on duty; 4) Changing nurse service schedules and non-ideal service patterns managed by the head of the room risk reducing satisfaction with the service schedule; 5) Shift nurse job satisfaction tends to be low but nurses remain responsible and prioritize working professionally.
Conclusion: This research can be concluded that nurses have unique experiences in managing nurse schedule and the impact of fatigue from working as a shift nurse. Nurses are expected to be able to understand which conditions constitute tiring work, and if it is not the nurse\u27s main duties and responsibilities, they can report it to their superiors
Analysis of the Achilles Tendon-Related Educational Value of YouTube Videos
Get PDFThe purpose of this research is to measure the instructional value of Achilles tendon (AT) injury-related YouTube videos. 60 videos were selected for the study after a thorough search on YouTube using relevant keywords. At-related YouTube videos have received a lot of views, but their quality and dependability are lacking. To overcome the issues, each video has assessed using the DISCERN method, which rates the accuracy of health information. Analysis of variance formula (ANOVA) was used to analyze how different video content types and sources differed in terms of dependability and content quality. Standard requirements were assessed using iterative multivariate regression models that examined the impact of specific video quality factors upon the Global Quality Score (GQS) and Achille\u27s Tendon Specific Scores (ATSS). A total of 54,946,364 views have been recorded for the 60 videos, with a mean view count of 1 234 463 and a range of 1 075 to 43 463 465 views per movie. The majority of films (40,8 %) and fitness instruction (18,4 %) focused on disease-specific information. The majority of films were posted by non-medical sources (32 %), followed by medical sources (34 %). Patients may get the right treatment when they need it, which lowers the chance of aggravating injuries and subsequent tendon ruptures
Integrated Wastewater Treatment Technology: Efficiency of Lime and Eichhornia crassipes for Agricultural Irrigation
Get PDFIntroduction: wastewater treatment for irrigation is a pressing challenge in rural areas, especially in communities where agriculture depends on contaminated water sources. This study focused on developing a low-cost, sustainable technology tailored to the needs of vulnerable populations.Methods: the efficiency of a combined treatment using lime and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was evaluated in Joa, Ecuador. A completely randomized experimental design was employed to assess changes in key physicochemical parameters, including electrical conductivity, hardness, pH, nitrates, and sulfates, before and after the treatments.Results: water hyacinth reduced water hardness significantly, from 218 mg/L to 154 mg/L of CaCO₃, while lime controlled pH, maintaining it near neutral (7,4) with precise dosing. Despite these improvements, the combination showed limitations in reducing nitrates and sulfates to meet local regulatory standards. Nevertheless, the treatments enhanced overall water quality, making it more suitable for agricultural purposes.Conclusions: the combined use of lime and water hyacinth represents a feasible, eco-friendly solution for treating agricultural wastewater in resource-constrained settings. While effective in improving water quality, further studies are needed to optimize the system, explore scalability, and evaluate its long-term impact on soil and crop productivit
Prevention of Acute Adhesive Intestinal Obstruction in the Postoperative Period
Get PDFIntroduction: Peritoneal adhesions are fibrinopurulent substances that link abdominal organs, which often cause clinical problems. Research seeks to examine the effectiveness of anterolateral transdermal myostimulation in reducing the postoperative adhesion formation and preventing AAIO.Method: This study investigates transdermal myostimulation efficacy in preventing postoperative adhesions through a two-phase experiment using piglets (n=20) and human patients (n=100). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.Results: In piglets, the experimental group exhibited only mild adhesions (100%) with a significantly lower mean number of adhesions (3.5 ± 0.53) compared to the control group (8.1± 0.32). The intervention delayed adhesion formation (8.1 ± 1.3 days vs. 5.5 ± 0.85 days; t =-5.332, p = .000). In human patients, the experimental group showed a significantly lower incidence of adhesions (30.0% vs. 56.0%, p = .007) and obstruction symptoms (16.0% vs. 42.0%, p = .004). Improved outcomes included higher EGEG scores (80.0% vs. 32.0%, p = .000), reduced postoperative complications (20.0% vs. 42.0%, p = .015), and shorter hospital stays (1.86 ± 0.54 days vs. 2.78 ± 0.42 days; t = 9.579, p = .000). The intervention effectively reduced adhesion-related complications and enhanced recovery.Conclusion: The research showed that the experimental intervention significantly reduced postoperative adhesions in piglets and human patients. The like findings with either model indicate that this approach would be a useful way of mitigating postoperative adhesions and improving patient outcome
Cardiovascular risk control in public transport drivers: Proposal for a theoretical model of protective motivation
Get PDFIntroduction: In Mexico, the mortality rate for cardiovascular diseases is 146.3 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants; ischemic forms are prominent. Public transport drivers are a vulnerable group to develop this disease due to the working conditions to which they are exposed. The objective is to propose a theoretical model of protective motivation for the control of the risk of cardiovascular disease in public transport drivers.Methods: A literature search was conducted in databases on the application of the protective motivation theory and the risk of cardiovascular disease, in Spanish and English.Results: The theoretical model was formed by the variables of perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, fear, self-efficacy, perceived efficacy, threat assessment, coping assessment, protection motivation and behavior (control of cardiovascular disease risk).Conclusions: The proposed model is an alternative to explain individual behaviors that could motivate individuals to take action in favor of their health, given the perception of threats and the coping skills that can influence the control of cardiovascular disease risk. Using the protective motivation model in nursing practice could contribute to modifying behaviors that position individuals to improve their health status