Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología (Journal)
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Relevance of the Master\u27s Program in Clinical and Molecular Laboratory Diagnosis at the National University of Chimborazo, Ecuador
Get PDFIntroduction: relevance studies are a crucial tool to ensure the quality and effectiveness of master\u27s programs, ensuring they meet the expectations of students, society, and educational institutions, the objective of the research was to evaluate the relevance of the Master\u27s program in Clinical and Molecular Laboratory Diagnosis at the National University of Chimborazo concerning current trends, advances in science and technology, and professional demand. Methods: descriptive investigation with a quantitative approach. The population consisted of 238 professionals, divided into two samples: "A" composed of 205 clinical laboratory professionals, and "B" composed of 23 employers in the same field. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was used for both samples.Results: the study confirmed the need to establish this master\u27s program to improve the training of clinical laboratory graduates. 99 % of the respondents expressed interest in pursuing postgraduate studies, supporting the program\u27s feasibility. The 23 employers supported the training of professionals with advanced studies, allowing them to update their knowledge. The program\u27s relevance lies in addressing key areas identified as weaknesses, highlighting the urgency of improving training to provide more effective patient care.Conclusions: the study confirmed the need for the master\u27s program, with 99 % of respondents interested and employer support, highlighting the importance of updating knowledge and improving skills to offer more effective clinical service
Efficacy of Different Exercise Modalities in Patients with Implantable Cardiac Devices: A Systematic Review
Get PDFIntroduction: heart failure is one of the most prevalent diseases, generally managed through a medical-surgical approach with the placement of implantable cardiac devices (ICDs). Cardiac rehabilitation in these patients involves various physical exercises that focus on improving quality of life. This study aimed to gather information to determine the exercise modality with the best short-term clinical outcomes, that are also appropriate to patients with ICDs.Methods: a systematic literature review was conducted by searching for clinical studies in the Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink databases from 2019 to March 2024. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were employed, and the search followed PRISMA guidelines.Results: ten Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) were identified; one trial addressed patients with pacemakers (PM), one study included subjects with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD), three trials focused on patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), three studies involved subjects with both ICD and CRT, and two trials included patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). A total of 379 subjects participated, of which 291 were in the exercise intervention group. Four exercise modalities were found: interval aerobic, moderate continuous, combined (resistance and strength), and High-intensity interval training (HIIT).Conclusions: combined resistance and strength training was determined as the modality with the best short-term clinical outcomes for patients with implantable cardiac device
Effect of the use of tranexamic acid in the treatment of melasma
Get PDFIntroduction: melasma is a skin condition that poses challenges due to its chronic nature and variable response to conventional therapies.Objective: this study aimed to investigate the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in the treatment of melasma.Methodology: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in the treatment of melasma. The literature search covered studies from 2019 to October 2023 in various electronic databases. Studies that met strict inclusion criteria were selected, prioritizing controlled and randomized clinical trials. The safety and efficacy of TXA in various formulations and routes of administration, such as oral, transepidermal, and intradermal, were evaluated. Results: the findings demonstrated that TXA, in its different forms of administration, led to a reduction in the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) scores, indicating improvements in skin pigmentation and dermal microcirculation. Reductions in epidermal melanin density and the number of pendulous melanocytes were observed. Additionally, the efficacy of TXA combined with other therapeutic agents, such as ascorbic acid or platelet-rich plasma, to improve melasma was highlighted. Conclusion: TXA emerges as an effective therapeutic option in the treatment of melasma. Its ability to improve MASI scores suggests a positive effect on skin pigmentation and dermal microcirculation. However, challenges such as treatment tolerability and recurrence rates persis
Comparison of pre- and post-prophylaxis plaque index using chlorhexidine. Bibliographic review
Get PDFPreventive dentistry focuses on the analysis of bacterial plaque and the promotion of proper hygiene and eating habits. This makes it possible to work on the prevention of possible dental diseases. Therefore, it is essential to apply various methods that encourage people\u27s interest in their oral hygiene, including the control of bacterial plaque, the application of appropriate toothbrushing techniques and regular dental checkups. The objective of this study was to compare the plaque index pre and post prophylaxis using chlorhexidine by means of a literature review. The methodology used included the analysis of 20 scientific articles through a documentary review and the development of a content matrix. The findings suggest that Chlorhexidine, an antiseptic, is effective in reducing oral biofilm and controlling periodontal diseases by inhibiting bacterial plaque. However, other alternatives with similar functions have also been identified, such as mouthwashes based on chamomile and sodium bicarbonate. It is concluded that Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic that is responsible for reducing oral biofilm and controlling periodontal diseases by inhibiting bacterial plaque and combating bacteria present in oral tissues. It is also used before surgical interventions for better cleaning; however, if these mouthwashes are not administered in the correct doses, side effects such as taste impairment and dental discoloration may occu
Analysis of promotion of the Clinical Propedeutics subject in a Faculty of Medical Sciences
Get PDFIntroduction: plan E in the Medicine Career is designed so that developer learning prevails with a broad and active participation of the student in their training. As of the 2022 academic year, the Cuban students who began the Clinical Propedeutics and Medical Semiology subject did so in this new study plan. Objective: to determine the results of the promotion in the Clinical Propedeutics subject of Plan E of the Medicine career.Methods: an observational, exploratory, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out, based on the analysis of the promotion report of 3rd year medical students in the Clinical Propedeutics and Medical Semiology subject, at the “Miguel Enríquez” Faculty of Medical Sciences, corresponding to the course academic 2022-2023. Results: the average final grade obtained was 4.2 points. 242 evaluations were carried out, 35 % obtained a Good evaluation, 13 % were classified as Excellent. In the first partial, 74,6 % passed and in the final exam it increased to 84%. After the extraordinary exam, 48 % of the students obtained a grade of Good, with 100 % passing.Conclusions: the results show that a 100 % promotion of the students in the Clinical Propedeutics and Medical Semiology subject with the new plan E, and the quality of the grades obtained improves as the evaluative cuts are mad
Relationship between workload and psychological capital in a sample of Peruvian basic education teachers
Get PDFIntroduction: In the educational context, workload entails various responsibilities, from planning and conducting classes to participating in extracurricular activities. This array of tasks can affect teachers, both in their performance and in their physical and mental well-being.Objective: To determine if workload is related to the psychological capital of Peruvian basic education teachers.Methods: A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional correlational study was conducted. The sample consisted of 183 teachers who were administered the Workload Scale and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire, instruments with adequate metric properties.Results: Preliminarily, it was determined that 39.3% of teachers perceived their workload to be high. Similarly, 52.5% of teachers also rated their psychological capital as high. Additionally, a correlation coefficient of -0.539 (p<0.05) was found between both variables.Conclusions: There is an inverse and significant relationship between workload and the psychological capital of elementary school teachers. Therefore, it is recommended that educational authorities establish institutional policies that promote a balanced workload-resource ratio for teachers. This may include adequate allocation of resources and materials, as well as a review of assessment and work planning practices. Furthermore, implementing psychological support programs, time management, and stress management is suggested to ensure teachers\u27 well-bein
Coping with stress and self-efficacy as predictors of academic satisfaction in a sample of university students
Get PDFIntroduction: Academic satisfaction is a fundamental component that influences students\u27 educational experience and directly impacts their academic performance and overall well-being.Objective: To determine whether coping with stress and self-efficacy predict the academic satisfaction of university students.Methods: A quantitative, non-experimental, predictive, and cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample consisted of 301 students who were administered the Academic Stress Coping Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Academic Satisfaction Scale, all instruments with adequate psychometric properties.Results: Preliminarily, it was found that academic satisfaction correlated significantly and directly with coping with stress (r= 0.449; p<0.05) and self-efficacy (r= 0.521; p<0.05). Likewise, coping with stress was found to correlate significantly and directly with self-efficacy (r= 0.438; p<0.05). Regression analysis demonstrated a suitable fit for the model (F= 53.128; p<0.05), where coping with stress (β= 0.302; p<0.05) and self-efficacy (β= 0.491; p<0.05) explained 27.3% of the total variance of the academic satisfaction variable. Conclusions: Coping with stress and self-efficacy predict the academic satisfaction of university students. Therefore, the implementation of specific strategies is recommended, thus fostering a more conducive academic environment for student well-being and academic succes
Impact of the implementation of unconventional digital graphic organizers on the generation of meaningful learning
Get PDFIntroduction: in higher education, the integration of graphic organizers in teaching can enhance the understanding and retention of content, thereby contributing to the academic development of students. Objective: analyze the impact of the implementation of unconventional digital graphic organizers on the generation of meaningful learning in first-semester students at the Central University of Ecuador. Methods: 156 first-semester students participated in the "Leadership" course in the Civil Engineering program at Central University of Ecuador. The research was longitudinal and observational with a pre-experimental design. Pre and post-tests were conducted addressing the impact of digital graphic organizers on meaningful learning. Results: an increase in the usage of less common digital graphic organizers is revealed, showing a strong correlation with meaningful learning analyzed through the correlation coefficient. The Chi-square test supports that graphic organizers positively influence meaningful learning. Conclusions: the importance of adapting methodological strategies to university students is emphasized, acknowledging that success depends not only on these strategies but also on the creativity and flexibility of teaching. The inclusion of unconventional digital graphic organizers in teaching significantly benefits the generation of meaningful learning, suggesting that these structured visual tools are valuable for enhancing understanding. This knowledge will drive educators to design interventions that maximize learnin
The risk-based operational safety strategy for Perkin-Elmer/Cetus DNA Thermal Cycler PCR systems
Get PDFIntroduction: this article was conducted in the field of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test safety, where it is essential to understand the contribution and impact of risk analysis methods to improve test safety medical diagnosis at the institutional level. In this context, the current study focuses on failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) applied to the Perkin-Elmer/Cetus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) thermocycler.Objective: to describe the application of FMEA to improve the operational safety of Perkin-Elmer/Cetus DNA thermal cyclers used in medical diagnostics in ataxic patients. Methods: to carry out this study, a methodology based on an exhaustive review of the scientific literature available in academic databases and relevant sources was used. Previous studies on FMEA analysis of DNA thermocyclers in common and expanded forms were collected and analyzed.Results: the results obtained demonstrated that FMEA is an effective tool to identify and evaluate possible failure modes of Perkin-Elmer/Cetus DNA thermal cyclers. Several defects were identified and their consequences, causes and classification based on their severity and frequency were determined. Likewise, corrective actions are proposed to reduce the identified risks.Conclusions: early identification of possible failure modes and implementation of corrective actions can reduce risk and guarantee the quality of the diagnoses carried out and therefore improve operational safet
Environmental factors associated with cleft lip and palate in children treated at the William Soler Hospital
Get PDFIntroduction: Cleft lip and palate is the most prevalent craniofacial congenital defect worldwide. It consists of a labial or palatal cleft, even a combination of both. It is currently known that cleft lip and palate have multifactorial causes, which include both genetic and environmental factors, which influence the first trimester of pregnancy. Objective: To describe environmental factors in patients with cleft lip and palate treated at the William Soler Pediatric Hospital, in the period between 2021 and 2022. Methodological design: Descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study in patients with a diagnosis of cleft lip and palate. The sample was characterized taking into account sex, type of fissure, maternal toxic habits, exposure to radiation, mechanical injuries and environmental toxins, drug consumption, as well as acute and chronic maternal diseases. Data collected during interrogation and physical examination were used. Results: isolated palatal clefts represented 50,5 %. 13,7 % of mothers smoked during the first trimester of pregnancy, while 10,5 % consumed alcohol. High blood pressure (25 %) was the most common maternal chronic disease while 41 % were diagnosed with vaginal moniliasis. Conclusions: Isolated cleft palate and considerable tobacco and alcohol consumption among pregnant women predominated. Among the chronic diseases, there was a predominance of high blood pressure, the most frequent infectious diseases were vaginal moniliasis and urinary tract infections, and there was a high frequency of the consumption of clotrimazole and oral contraceptive